EXPLANATORY  TEXT 


TO  THE 


JITLAS  OF  HUMAN  ANATOMY 


—  BY- 


].  A.  JEANCON,  M.  D. 


OSS] 


CINCINNATI,  O. 


A.    E.    WILDE    &    CO.,    Publishers. 


Copyrighted  by  A.  E.  WILDE  &  Co. 


•  j/ 


CONTENTS. 


OSTEOLOGY, 

SYNDESMOLOGY, 

MYOLOGY, 

ANGIOLOGY, 

NEUROLOGY, 

ENDOSMOLOGY, 

EMBRYOLOGY, 


1-29 

30-35 

36-45 

46-77 

78-127 

128-146 

147-151 


416 


OSTEOLOGY. 


416 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


PLATES  I,  II,  III. 

PLATE    I,    MALE    SKELETON ANTERIOR   VIEW. 

"        II,    MALE    SKELETON POSTERIOR    VIEW. 

"      III,    FEMALE    SKELETON ANTERIOR   VIEW. 


A.  Cranium. 

B.  Vertebral  Column. 

C.  Thorax. 

D.  Upper  Extremity. 

E.  Lower  Extremity. 

1.  Sphenoid. 

2.  Occipital. 

3.  Temporal. 

4.  Parietal. 

5.  Frontal. 

6.  Ethmoid. 

7.  Lachrymal. 

8.  Inferior  Turbinated. 

9.  Superior  Maxillary. 

10.  Palate. 

11.  Malar. 

12.  Nasal. 

13.  Inferior  Maxillary. 

14.  Atlas. 

15.  Axis. 

16.  Cervical  Vertebrae. 

17.  Dorsal  Vertebrae. 

18.  Lumbar  Vertebra?. 

19.  Sacrum. 

20.  Coccyx. 

21.  Seven  Superior  or  True  Ribs. 

22.  Five  Inferior  or  False  Ribs. 

23.  Costal  Cartilages. 

24.  Manubrium  \ 

25.  Gladiolus  V  Sternum. 

26.  Xiphoid    Cartilage     ) 

27.  Clavicle. 


28.  Scapula. 

29.  Humerus. 

30.  Ulna. 

31.  Radius. 

32.  Scaphoid 

33.  Semi-lunar 

34.  Cuneiform 

35.  Pisiform            . 

Bones  of  the 

36.  Trapezium.       [ 

Carpus. 

37.  Trapezoid 

38.  Os  Magnum 

39.  Unciform         > 

40.  Metacarpal  Bones. 

41.  First  Row  of  Phalanges. 

42.  Second  "     " 

u 

43.  Third    "     " 

u 

44.  Sesamoid  Bones. 

45.  Ilium         \ 

46.  Pubis         V  Bones  of  Pelvis. 

47.  Ischium     ) 

48.  Femur. 

49.  Patella. 

50.  Tibia. 

51.  Fibula. 

52.  Os  Calcis 

^ 

53.  Astragalus 

54.  Scaphoid 

Bones 

55.  Internal  Cuneifor 

in        >  of  the 

56.  Middle 

1  Tarsus. 

57.  External       " 

58.  Cuboid 

J 

59.  Metatarsal  Bones 

OSTEOLOGY. 


60. 
61. 
62. 

63. 

a. 
b. 
c. 
d. 
e. 
/• 

9- 
h. 

i. 

k. 

I 

m. 

n. 

o. 

P- 

<!• 
r. 

8. 

t. 
u. 

V. 

w. 

X. 

y- 


First  Row  of  Phalanges. 

Second  "     " 

Third     "     " 

Sesaraoid  Bones. 
Mastoid  Process. 
Zygoma. 

Superciliary  Ridge. 
Zygomatic  Process  01'  Frontal. 
Frontal  Process  of  Sphenoid. 
Inferior  Nasal  Spine. 


of  Ver- 
tebrae. 


.  of  Inferior 

Coronoid  Process     V  Maxillary 

Condyloid  Process  ) 

Chin. 

Body. 

Transverse  Processes 

Articular  Processes 

Spinous  Process 

Anterior  Sacral  Foramina. 

Posterior  Sacral  Foramina. 

Spine  ^ 

Acromion  Process  I      of  the 

Coracoid  Process    [    Scapula. 

Head 

Head  ^ 

Greater  Tuberosity  I     of  the 

Lesser  Tubcrosity     [Humerus. 

External  Condyle  J 


)   of  the 
\  Radius. 


Spi- 


of  the 
r  Ilium. 


Internal  Condyle  of  the  Humerus- 

Olecranon  Process  -\ 

Coronoid  Process     I    of  the 

Head  f  Ulna. 

Styloid  Process       J 

Head 

Tuberosity 

Styloid  Process 

Crest  of  the  Ilium. 

Anterior   Superior 

nous  Process 
Anterior    Inferior 

nous  Process 
Posterior  Superior  Spi- 

.  nous  Process  J 

Spine  of  the  Ischium. 
Acetabulum. 
Symphysis  Pubis. 
Obturator  Foramen. 
Tuberosity  of  the  Ischium. 
Head  ^ 

Trochanter  Major    I       „   , 

Trochanter  Minor    >,-, 

^   .         ,    „      ,  ,      ft emur. 

External  Condyle 

Internal  Condyle    J 
Tuberosities  of  the  Tibia. 
External  Malleolus. 
Internal  Malleolus. 


PLATE  IV. 


THE    SKELETON    OP   AN    INFANT. 


The  nomenclature  of  this  figure 
is  the  same  as  that  of  the  foregoing, 
excepting:— 
F.  Anterior  Fontanelle. 

24.  Center  of  Ossification  of  Manu- 

brium. 

25.  Centers  nf  Ossification  of  Glad- 

iolus. 

26.  Cartilaginous  Ensiform  Appen- 

dix. 

32.   Unossilird  <  'arpus. 
52.  Unossifirtl  Tar>;i<. 

T!MJ  Os  Frontis  (  l'i.ur.  •">)  consists 


of  two  lateral  halves. 

The  Superior  and  Inferior  Maxil- 
laries  (Figs.  9  and  13)  lack  the  al- 
veoli. 

The  bodies  of  the  Vertebrae  (B ) 
are  all  of  a  size,  the  Spine  being 
about  as  large  in  the  Cervical  as  in 
the  Lumbar  region. 

The  Transverse  Processes  (m  )  an 
hunlly  developed.  The  Spinous 
Processes  are  absent  altogether,  and 
the  whole  Vertebral  column  consist < 
of  two  lateral  halves  (o). 


OSTEOLOGY. 


PLATE  V. 

FIGS.  I  TO  VIII.     DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  FCETAL  SKULL. 


Fig.  i.  At  the  beginning  of  Second 

month. 

Fig.  ii.  End  of  same. 
Fig.  in.  First  half  of  Third  month. 
Fig.  iv.  Second  half  of  same. 
Fig.  v.  At  end  of  Fourth. 
Fig.  vi.  At  end  of  Fifth. 
Fig.  vn.  At  end  of  Seventh. 
Fig  vin.  At  end  of  Ninth  month, 
i.  Sphenoid  Bone, 
ii.  Occipital  Bone, 
a.  Occipital  Portion. 
6.  Condyloid  Portion. 
c.  Basilar  Portion, 
in.  Temporal  Bone. 

a.  Squamous  Portion. 

b.  Mastoid  Portion. 


iv.  Parietal  Bone. 

v.  Frontal  Bone 

a.  Frontal  Portion. 

6.  Orbital  Portion. 

c.  Nasal  Portion. 

vi.  Ethmoid  Bone. 

vn.  Lachrymal  Bone. 

vn.  Superior  Maxillary  Bone. 

ix.  Malar  Bone. 

x.  Palate  Bone. 

xi.  Nasal  Bone. 

xii.  Inferior  Maxillary  Bone. 

A.  Anterior  Fontanelle. 

B.  Posterior  Fontanelle. 

C.  Posterior  Temporal  Fontanelle. 

D.  Anterior  Temporal  Fontanelle. 
20.  Tympanic  Bone. 


AD.    FIG.    VIII. 


9.  External  Occipital   Protuber- 
ance. 

10.  External  Occipital  Spine. 
12.  Zygomatic  Process  of  Temporal. 

23.  Anterior  Superior  Angle  of  Par- 

ietal. 

24.  Posterior  Superior  Angle  of 

same. 

25.  Posterior  Inferior  Angle  of 

same. 

26.  Anterior  Inferior  Angle  of  same. 


32.  Superciliary  Ridge. 

36.  Malar  or  External  Angular 

Process. 
63.  Frontal  Process  of  Malar. 

69.  Body  of  Inferior  Maxillary. 

70.  Ramus  of  Lower  Jaw. 

75.  Sigmoid  Notch. 

76.  Condyloid  Process. 

77.  Neck  of  same. 

78.  Coronoid  Process. 

79.  Angle  of  Lower  Jaw. 


FIG.    IX.      ADULT   SKULL SIDE    VIEW. 


1.  Parietal  Bone. 

2.  Frontal. 

3.  Occipital. 

4.  Lambdoid  Suture. 

5.  Coronal  Suture. 

6.  Nasal  Eminence. 

7.  Nasal  Bones. 

8.  Anterior  Nares. 

9.  Anterior  Nasal  Spine. 

10.  Upper  Teeth. 

11.  Lower  Teeth. 


12.  Chin.  [Jaw. 

13.  Lower   Border  of  Body  of  the 

14.  Angle  of  Lower  Jaw 

15.  Posterior  Border  of  Ramus. 

16.  Supraorbital  Foramen. 

17.  17.  Temporal  Ridge. 

18.  Squamous  Portion  of  Temporal. 

19.  Squamous  Suture. 

20.  Anterior  Inferior  Angle  of  Par- 

ietal. 

21.  Zygomatic  Surface  of  Sphenoid. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


22.  External  Angular  Process  of 

Frontal. 

23.  Malar  Bone 

24.  Lachrymal  Bone. 

25.  Orbital  Surface  of  Sphenoid. 

26.  Orbital  Surface  of  Upper  Max- 

illary. 

27.  Infraorbital  Foramen. 


28.  Zygomatic  Process  of  Temporal. 

29.  Sigmoid  Notch. 

30.  Condyle  of  Lower  Jaw. 

31.  Coronoid  Process  of  Lower  Jaw. 

32.  Styloid  Process  of  Temporal. 

33.  Mastoid  Process. 

34.  Occipital  Groove. 

35.  Masto-occipital  Suture. 


PLATE  VI. 

FIGS.  I  TO  XX.     MICROSCOPIC  STRUCTURE  OF  THE  BONE. 

(  FIG  I.      LONGITUDINAL    SECTION    OF    ULNA. 
I  FIG.    II.      TRANSVERSE    SECTION    OF    SAME. 


a.  Cartilaginous  Base. 

b.  Haversian  Canals. 

c.  Their  Lamellae. 


d.  Canaliculi. 

e.  Bone  Corpuscles. 


FIG.    III.      TRANSVERSE    SECTION   OF   COSTAL   CARTILAGE. 

a.  Intercellular  Substance.  I  c.  Cells  containing  Nuclei. 

b.  Cartilage  Cells.  I 

FIG.   IV.      SECTION   OF   CARTILAGE   OF   EAR. 

a.  Cartilage  Cells.  |  6.  Fibrous  Intercellular  Substance. 

FIG.    V.       SECTION    OF    INTERVERTEBRAL    SUBSTANCE. 

a.  Cartilage  Cells.  |  6.  Fibrous  Intercellular  Substance. 

FIG.   VI.      TRANSVERSE    SECTION   OF   BONE. 

a.  6.  Osteoblasts.  |  c.  Opening  of  Haversian  Canal. 

FIG.    VII.       BONE    FORMATION. 


a.  b.  Osteoblasts  in  different  stages 
of  formation. 


a.  Mononucleated. 

b.  Polynucleated. 


FIG.    VIII.       LONGITUDNAL    SECTION. 

Position  of  Osteoblasts  around  a  vessel  in  the  process  of  ossification. 


FIG.    IX.      SECTION   OF   LONG   BONE. 


1.  Marrow  Cavity. 

2.  Periosteum. 

'•'.  Compact  Tissue. 
1.    Kpipliysis. 


5.  Diaphysis. 

6.  8.  Articular  Surfaces  showing 

Articular  Cartilage. 

7.  Diaphyso-epiphysal  Line. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


FIG.    X.       SECTION    OF    CERVICAL   VERTEBRA. 

a.  Outer  Compact  Tissue,      b.  Spongy  Tissue,     c.  Inner  Compact  Tissue. 

FIG.   XI.       SECTION   OF  LONG  BONES,   SHOWING  COURSE  OF  NUTRIENT  VESSELS. 


1.  Nutrient  Vessel. 

2.  Descending  Branch. 


3.  Compact  Tissue. 

4.  Medullary  Cavity. 


FIG.    XII.       SECTION    OF    CRANIAL    BONE. 

a.  External  Table.  b.  Diploe.  c.  Inner  or  Vitreous  Table. 

FIG.    XIII.       FCETAL    PELVIS — SIDE    VIEW. 


1.  Sacrum  and  Coccyx. 

2.  Ilium. 

3.  Ischium. 
4    Pubes. 


5.  Acetabulum. 

6.  Obturator  Foramen. 

7.  Antero-posterior  Diameter. 

8.  Pelvic  Axis. 


FIG.    XIV.       SAME — FRONT   VIEW. 


1.  Sacrum. 

2.  Coccyx. 

3.  Ilium. 

4.  Sacro-sciatic  Notch. 


5.  Pubes. 

6.  Ischium. 

7.  Ilio-pectineal  Line. 

8.  Acetabulum. 


FIG.    XV.       OS    INNOMINATUM,    SEPARATED    INTO    ITS   THREE    DIVISIONS. 

1.  Ilium.  2.  Ischium.  3.  Pubes. 


FIG.    XVI.    FCETAL    STERNUM  —  ANTERIOR    SURFACE. 


1.  Manubrium. 

2.  Second 
3    Th'  d 


1.  First  Rib. 


1.  Head. 

2.  Tubercle. 


Q 
Spaces. 


4.  Fourth  Intercostal  Space. 

5.  Costal  Cartilage  of  Seventh  Rib. 

6.  Ensiform  Appendage. 


FIG.    XVII.       FCETAL    THORAX FRONT    VIEW. 

FIG.    XVIII.       SAME — SIDE    VIEW. 

2,  3.  Thoracic  Line.  4,  4.  Dorsal  Vertebrae. 

FIG.   XIX.       FCETAL    SACRUM    AND    COCCYX. 
FIG.    XX.       FCETAL    RIB SUPERIOR    ASPECT. 


3.  Shaft.     Angle. 

4.  Sternal  Extremity. 


PLATE  VII.     FIGS.  I  TO  X. 

FIG.    I.       INFERIOR    MAXILLARY    BONE OUTER    ASPECT. 


1.  Symphysis. 

2.  Mental  Process. 


3.  3.  External  Oblique  Ridge. 

4.  Mental  Foramen. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


5.  Inferior  Border  of  Body. 

6.  Angle. 

7.  Coronoid  Process. 

8.  Sigmoid  Notch. 

9.  Condyle. 
10.  Neck. 


11.  Inferior  Dental  Foramen. 

12.  Sockets  of  Lateral  Incisors. 

13.  Sockets  of  Canines. 

14.  Sockets  of  Bicuspids. 

15.  16,  17.  Sockets  of  three  Molars. 


FIG   II.       SAME    BONE INNER    SURFACE. 


1.  Symphysis. 

2.  Genial  Tubercles. 

3.  Depression  for  Digastricus. 

4.  Sublingual  Fossa. 

5.  Mylo-hyoidean  Ridge. 

6.  Lower  Border  of  Body. 

7.  Angle. 


8.  Alveolar  Process'. 

9.  Inferior  Dental  Foramen. 

10.  Condyle. 

11.  Neck. 

12.  Sigmoid  Notch. 

13.  Coronoid  Process. 

14.  Posterior  Border  of  Ramus. 


FIG.    III.       SAME    BONE INFERIOR    DENTAL   CANAL,    AND    ROOTS 

OF   THE    TEETH    EXPOSED. 


1.  Condyle. 

2.  Coronoid  Process. 

3.  Sigmoid  Notch. 


4,  5.  Inferior  Dental  Vessels  and 

Nerves. 
6,  6.  Their  distribution  to  the 

fangs  of  the  Teeth. 


FIG.    IV.       FO3TAL   INFERIOR    MAXILLARY,  SHOWING    THE    DENTAL    SACS 

OR   TEETH    GERMS. 


a.  Alveolar  Border. 

6.  Lower  Border  of  Jaw. 


c."  Symphysis  and  Dental  Sacs. 
d.  Coronoid  Process. 


FIG.  v. 


1.  Condyloid  Process. 

2.  Coronoid  Process. 

3.  Incisors. 

4.  Canine. 


SAME    BONE,   SHOWING    MILK    TEETH. 

5.  First  Milk  Molar. 

6.  Second  Milk  Molar. 

7.  Alveoli  of  Permanent  Teeth. 


FIG.  VI.      SAME    BONE   OF   A   FCETUS — SUPERIOR   ASPECT. 


1.  Symphysis. 

2.  2,  2,  2,'  2,  2.  Sockets  for  teeth. 

3.  Coronoid  Process. 


4.  Sigmoid  Notch. 

5.  Condyle.  [Canal. 

6.  Opening  of  Inferior  Dental 


FIG.   VII.       SAME    BONE,  FO3TAL,    BEFORE    THE    APPEARANCE    OF   THE 
ALVEOLAR    PROCESS. 


1.  Symphysis. 

2.  Lower  Border  of  Jaw. 

3.  Angle. 

1.    Posterior  Bonier  of  Ramus. 


5.  Condyle. 

6.  Sigmoid  Notch. 

7.  Coronoid  Process. 

8.  Alveolar  Border. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


PIG.    VIM.      UPPER   AND    LOWER   JAWS    IN    POSITION,    SHOWING   THEIR   MODES 
OF   ARTICULATION,    AND    POSITION    OF   TEETH. 


1.  Superior  Border  of  Nasal  Bone. 

2.  Superior  Border  of  Nasal  Pro- 

3.  Frontal  Bone.  [cess. 

4.  Margin  of  Spheno-maxillary 

Fissure. 

5.  Nasal  Bone.  [lary. 

6.  Nasal  Process  of  Upper  Maxil- 

7.  Infraorbital  Foramen. 

8.  Anterior  Nares. 

9.  Anterior  Nasal  Spine. 
10.  Malar  Bone. 


11.  Frontal  Process  of  same. 

12.  Zygomatic  Process. 

13.  Condyle  of  Lower  Jaw. 

14.  Sigmoid  Notch. 

15.  Posterior  Border  of  Ramus. 

16.  Lower  Border  of  Body. 

17.  Symphysis. 

18.  19.  Incisors. 

20.  Canine. 

21,  22.  Bicuspids. 
23,  24,  25.  Molars. 


FIG.   IX.      UPPER   JAW — INFERIOR   ASPECT. 


1.  Nasal  Process. 

2.  Anterior  Nasal  Spine. 

3.  Infraorbital  Foramen. 

4.  Malar  Bone. 

5.  Zygomatic  Process. 

6.  Anterior  Palatine  Foramen. 

7.  Hard  Palate. 

8.  Horizontal  Plate  of  Palate  Bone. 


9.  Posterior  Nasal  Spine. 
10,  11.  Incisors. 

12.  Canine. 

13,  14.  Bicuspids. 
15,  16,  17.  Molars. 

18.  Posterior  Dental  Foramen. 

19.  Hamular  Process. 


FIG.    X.      MALAR   BONE ORBITAL    PROCESS,    SUPERIOR   SURFACE. 


1.  Superior  Angle. 

2.  Anterior  Angle. 

3.  Anterior  Superior  Border. 

4.  Orbital  Surface. 


5.  Superior  Maxillary  Border. 

6.  Border  of  Spheno-maxillary 

Fissure. 

7.  Sphenoidal  Surface. 


PLATE   VIII. 


FIG.    I.      LEFT    PALATE    BONE — EXTERNAL   ASPECT. 


1.  Rough  surface  for  Superior 

Maxillary. 

2.  Its  Anterior  Border. 

3.  Smooth  Zygomatic  Surface. 

4.  Sphenoid  Process. 

5.  Orbital  Process. 


6.  External  facet  of  Zygomatic  Sur- 

7.  Spheno-palatine  Notch.      [face. 

8.  Posterior  Palatine  Canal. 

9.  Tuberosity. 

10.  Posterior  border  joining  Inter- 
nal Pterygoid  Plate. 


FIG.    II.      SAME    BONE INTERNAL    SURFACE. 


1.  Sphenoidal  Surface  of  Orbital 

Process.  [cess. 

2.  Ethmoidal  Surface  of  same  Pro 


3.  Sphenoidal  Process. 

4.  Spheno-palatine  Notch. 

5.  Superior  Turbinated  Crest. 


8 


OSTEOLOCV. 


6.  Middle  Meatus. 

7.  Inferior  Turbinated  Crest. 

8.  Inferior  Meatus. 

9.  Tuberosity. 


10.  Internal  Border  of  Horizontal 

Plate. 

1 1 .  Anterior  portion  of  Vertical 

Plate. 


FIG.  III.   SAME  BONE — ANTERIOR  BORDER. 


1.  Ethmoidal  Surface  of  Orbital 

Process. 

2.  Maxillary  Surface  of  same. 

3.  Spheno-palatine  Notch. 

4.  Sphenoidal  Process. 


5,  6.  Internal  Surface.          [  Plate. 

7.  Upper  Surface  of  Horizontal 

8.  Internal  Border  of  same. 

9.  Tuberosity.  [Portion. 
10.  External  Surface  of  Vertical 


FIG.    IV.      SAME    BONE POSTERIOR   BORDER. 


1.  Sphenoidal  Surface  of  Orbital 

Process. 

2.  Orbital  Surface  of  same. 

3.  Zygomatic  Surface  of  same. 

4.  Sphenoidal  Process. 

5.  Spheno-palatine  Notch. 

6.  Internal  Surface  of  Vertical  Plate. 

7.  Superior  Surface  of  Horizontal 

Plate. 


8.  Internal  Border  of  same. 

9.  Articular  Groove  for  Internal 

Pterygoid  Plate. 

10.  Groove  for  Internal   Pterygoid 

Muscle. 

11.  Groove  for  External  Pterygoid 

Plate. 

12.  External  Portion  of  Vertical 

Plate. 


FIG.    V.      SAME    BONE SUPERIOR   ASPECT. 


1.  Orbital  Process. 

2.  Sphenoidal  Process. 

3.  Spheno-palatine  Notch. 

4.  Posterior  Border  of  Vertical  Plate. 

5.  Superior  Surface  of  Horizontal 

Plate. 


6.  Its  Posterior  Border. 

7.  Its  Internal  Border. 

8.  Its  Anterior  Border. 

9.  Anterior  Spine  of  Vertical  Plate. 
10.  Posterior  Nasal  Spine. 


FIG.  VI.      SAME   BONE — INFERIOR   ASPECT. 


1.  Inferior  Surface  of  Horizontal 

2.  Its  Posterior  Border.  [Plate. 

3.  Its  Anterior  Border. 
1.   Its  Internal  Border. 

5.  Orbital  Process. 


6.  Sphenoidal  Process. 

7.  Posterior  Palatine  Canal. 

8.  Accessory  Palatine  Canal. 

9.  Tuberosity. 

10.  Posterior  Nasal  Spine. 


FIG.   VII.       SAME    BONE — MATURE    FfETUS — INTERNAL   SURFACE. 


1.  Rphenoidal  Process. 
-.  <  M-bital  Pro'cess. 
:;.  Spheno-palatine  Foramen. 
1.   Tuberosity. 


5.  Anterior  Border  of  Vertical 

Plate. 

6.  Internal  Border  of  Horizontal 

Plate. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


FIG.    VIII.       LEFT   INFERIOR   TURBINATED    BONE — INTERNAL    SURFACE. 

5.  Inferior  Free  Border. 


1.  Superior  Maxillary  Border. 

2.  Lachrymal  Process. 

3.  Ethmoidal  Process. 

4.  Palatine  Border. 


6.  Anterior  Extremity. 

7.  Posterior  Extremity. 


FIG   IX.       SAME    BONE — OUTER    SURFACE. 

5.  Palatine  Border. 

6.  Posterior  Extremity. 

7.  Anterior  Extremity. 

8.  Inferior  Border. 


1.  Maxillary  Border. 

2.  Lachrymal  Process. 

3.  Ethmoidal  Process.         [Antrum. 

4.  Portion  Covering  the  orifice  of  the 


FIG.    X.       VOMER — RIGHT    SIDE. 


1.  Superior  Border. 

2.  Posterior  Border. 

3.  Anterior  Border. 


4.  Inferior  Border. 

5.  Anterior  Extremity. 


FIG.    XI.       VOMER — SUPERIOR   AND    ANTERIOR   BORDERS. 


1.  Groove  and  Alae  for  Rostrum. 

2.  Groove  of  Anterior  Border. 


3.  Anterior  Extremity. 


FIG.    XII.       RIGHT    NASAL    BONE EXTERNAL    SURFACE. 


± .  Superior  Border. 
2.  Inferior  Border. 

FIG.    XIII. 

1.  Superior  Border. 

2.  Inferior  Border. 

3.  External  Border. 


3.  External  Border. 

4.  Internal  Border. 


SAME    BONE — INNER   ASPECT. 

4.  Internal  Surface. 

5.  Internal  Border. 


1.  Anterior  Border. 

2.  Inferior  Border. 


FIG.    XIV.       FCETAL    VOMER. 

3.  Posterior  Border. 

4.  Superior  Border. 


FIG.    XV.       ETHMOID 

1.  Crista  Galli. 

2.  Cribriform  Plate. 

3.  Slit  for  Nasal  Nerve. 

4.  Anterior  Ethmoidal  Foramen. 

5.  Posterior  Ethmoidal  Foramen. 

6.  Infundibulum.  [Frontal. 

7.  7.  Part  of  Lateral  Mass  joining 


— SUPERIOR    SURFACE. 


8.  Os  Planum. 

9.  Plate  and  Cells  covered  by  Nasal 

Process  of  Upper  Maxillary. 

10.  Posterior  part  of  Lateral  Mass. 

11.  Posterior   Border  of  Cribriform 

Plate. 

12.  Perpendicular  Plate. 


FIG.    XVI. 

1.  Vertical  Plate. 


SAME  BONE — INFERIOR  SURFACE. 

3.  Middle  Turbinated  Bone. 


2, 2.  Grooves  between  Lateral  Masses 
and  Vertical  Plate. 


4.  Inferior  Orifice  of  Infundibulum. 

5.  Maxillary  Process. 


10 


OSTEOLOGY. 


6.  Palate  Process. 

7.  Posterior  Portion  of    Lateral 

Masses. 


8.  Plates  and  Cells  covered  by  Na- 

sal Process. 

9.  Posterior  part  of  Middle  Turbinal. 


FIG.    XVII.      SAME    BONE — ANTERIOR   SURFACE. 


1.  Crista  Galli. 

2.  Eminences  on  the  same. 

3.  Vertical  Plate. 

4.  Groove   between  it  and  Lateral 

Masses. 

5.  Lateral  Masses  and  Orifice  of 

Infundibulum. 


6.  Plate  and  Cells  joining   the 

7.  Os  Planum.  [Lachrymal. 

8.  Inferior  Border  of  Same. 

9.  Plates  joining  the  Middle  Tur, 

binal. 

10.  Anterior   Border  of   Lateral 
Masses. 


FIG.    XVIII.       SAME    BONE — POSTERIOR   SURFACE. 


1.  Crista  Galli. 

2.  Its  eminences. 

3.  Vertical  Plate.  [  Masses. 

4.  Groove  between  it  and  Lateral 

5.  Posterior  part  of  Lateral  Mass. 


6.  Posterior  Extremity  of  Superior 

Meatus. 

7.  Posterior  Extremity  of  Middle 

Turbinal. 

8.  Posterior  Ethmoidal  Cells. 


FIG.    XIX.      SAME    BONE LEFT    SIDE    VIEW. 


1.  Crista  Galli. 

2.  Its  eminences. 

3.  Anterior  Ethmoidal  Cell. 

4.  Os  Planum. 

5.  Superior  Border  of  Os  Planum. 

6.  Its  Inferior  Border. 

7.  Portion  of  same  Border  joining 

Palate. 

8.  Posterior  Border  of  Os  Planum. 


9.  Its  Anterior  Border. 

10.  Infundibulum. 

11.  Anterior  Ethmoidal  Cells. 

12.  Inferior  Border  of  Vertical 

Plate. 

13.  Its  Posterior  Border. 

14.  Middle  Turbinated  Bone. 

15.  Its  Posterior  Extremity. 

16.  Superior  Meatus. 


FIG.  XX.       SAME    BONE — LONGITUDINAL    SECTION LEFT    SIDE  VIEW. 


1.  Crista  Galli. 

2.  Its  eminences. 

3.  Perpendicular  Plate. 

4.  Its  Anterior  Border. 

5.  Its  Inferior  Border  joining  Car- 

tilage  of  Septum. 

6.  Articular  Surface  for  Vomer. 


7.  Posterior  Border. 

8.  Slit  for  Nasal  Nerve. 

9.  Inferior  Orifices  of  Olfactory 

Foramina. 

10.  Middle  Turbinated  Bone. 

11.  Superior  Meatus.  [  Mass. 

12.  Posterior  part  of  Left  Lateral 


FIG.    XXI.       SAMi:    I'.oNK-     l.oNClTrniNAL    SECTION RIGHT    SIDE. 


1,    1. 


Bristles  passed  through  Ante- 
rior Ethmoidal  Cells  and 
Middle  Turbinal. 


•2,  '2.  Bristles  passed  into  Posterior 
Kthnioidal  Cells  through  the 
Superior  Meatus. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


11 


3.  Posterior  Ethmoidal  Foramen. 

4.  Plate  in  front  of  Superior  Tur- 

binal. 

5.  Anterior  Ethmoidal  Foramen. 

6.  Olfactory  orifices  of  Cribriform 

Plate. 


7.  Superior  Turbinated. 

8.  Superior  Meatus. 

9.  Middle  Turbinated. 

10.  Its  Posterior  Extremity.    [Mass. 

11.  Posterior  part  of  Right  Lateral 

12.  13.  Plates  of  Anterior  Cells. 


FIG.    XXII.       SAME    BONE LEFT    SIDE — OS    PLANUM    REMOVED    TO    SHOW 

ANTERIOR   A«ND    POSTERIOR   CELLS. 


1.  Crista  Galli. 

2.  Its  eminences. 

3.  3,  3.  Anterior  Ethmoidal  Cells. 

4.  4,  4.  Posterior  Ethmoidal  Cells. 

5.  Septum  separating  Anterior  and 

Posterior  Cells. 


6.  Anterior  extremity  of  Middle 

Turbinal. 

7.  Inferior  Border  of  same. 

8.  Superior  Meatus. 

9.  Plate  of  Anterior  Cells. 
10.  Plate  of  Posterior  Cells. 


FIG.    XXIII.      FCETAL   INFERIOR   TURBINATED    BONE — ANTERIOR   ASPECT. 


1.  Process  projecting  from  Superior 

Border.  [  Surface. 

2.  Anterior  Extremity  and  Internal 


3.  Process  projecting  downwards 

from  Superior  Border. 

4.  Concave  External  Surface. 


PLATE  IX.    FIGS.  I  TO  V. 


FIG.   I.      FRONTAL  BONE — OUTER   SURFACE. 


1.  Remains  of  Frontal  Suture. 

2.  Nasal  Eminence. 

3.  Nasal  Notch. 

4.  Nasal  Spine. 

5.  Frontal  Eminence. 

6.  Superciliary  Ridge. 

FIG.    II. 


7.  Orbital  Arch. 

8.  Supra-orbital  Notch  or  Foramen. 

9.  Internal  Angular  Process. 

10.  External  Angular  Process. 

11.  Temporal  Ridge. 

12.  Superior  Border. 


FRONTAL   BONE 

1.  Groove  for  superior  longitudinal  8. 

Sinus.  [  Ethmoid. 

2.  Frontal  crest,  for  articulation  with  9. 

3.  Foramen  Ca3cum.  10. 

4.  Nasal  Spine.  11. 

5.  Openings  of  Frontal  Sinuses. 

6.  Anterior  Fossa  of  Skull.  12. 

7.  Cerebral  Surface  of  the  Orbital  13. 

Plates. 


INNER   SURFACE. 


Expanded  base  of  the  Nasal 

Spine. 

External  Angular  Process. 
Orbital  Arch. 
Surface  articulating  with  the 

Great  Wing  of  the  Sphenoid. 
Inferior  Border. 
Superior  Border. 


FIG.    III.      FRONTAL   BONE HORIZONTAL   PORTION — EXTERNAL    SURFACE. 

1.  Median  line. 

2.  Frontal  Eminence. 

3.  Openings  of  Frontal  Sinuses. 


4.  Superior  Border  seen  through 

Ethmoidal  Notch. 

5.  Frontal  Eminence. 


12 


OSTEOLOGY. 


6.  Superciliary  Ridge. 

7.  Orbital  Arch. 

8.  Superior  part  of  the  Orbit. 

9.  Orbital  Plate. 

10.  Internal  Angular  Process. 
11."  External  Angular  Process. 


12.  Inferior  Border  divided  by  the 

Ethmoidal  Notch. 

13.  Surface  articulating  with  Great 

Wing  of  Sphenoid. 

14.  Ethmoidal  Cells. 

15.  Lachrymal  Fossa. 

16.  Ethmoidal  Notch. 


FIG.   IV.      FRONTAL   BONE — ANTERIOR   SURFACE.      ANTERIOR  TABLE   RE- 
MOVED TO   SHOW  THE   CAVITIES,    SEPTUM,   AND   INFERIOR 
OPENINGS    OF   THE    FRONTAL  .SINUSES. 


1.  Median  Line  of  the  bone. 

2.  Frontal   Sinuses,  their  openings 

communicating  with  the  Na- 
sal Fossae,  and  their  prolonga- 
tions backward   to  the  level 
of  the  orbital  region. 
3   Septum. 


4.  Nasal  Notch. 

5.  Nasal  Spine. 

6.  Internal  Angular  Process. 

7.  External  Angular  Process. 

8.  Orbital  arch  and   Supra-orbital 

Foramen. 

9.  Temporal  Ridge. 


FIG.   V.   FRONTAL  BONES  AT  BIRTH — DEVELOPED   BY  TWO   LATERAL 
HALVES — NATURAL  SIZE. 


PLATE  X.    PIGS.  I  TO  VI. 

FIG.   I.      RIGHT   PARIETAL  BONE — EXTERNAL   SURFACE — NATURAL   SIZE. 


1.  Parietal  Eminence. 

2.  Temporal  Ridge. 

3.  Parietal  Foramen. 

4.  Superior  or  Parietal  Border. 

5.  Inferior  or  Temporal  Border. 

6.  Anterior  or  Frontal  Border. 


7.  Posterior  or  Occipital  Border. 

8.  Anterior  Superior  Angle. 

9.  Anterior  Inferior  Angle. 

10.  Posterior  Inferior  Angle. 

11.  Posterior  Superior  Angle. 


FIG.   II.      PARIETAL   BONE — INTERNAL  OR  CEREBRAL   SURFACE. 

8.  Inferior  Border. 

9.  Anterior  Border. 

10.  Posterior  Border. 

11.  Anterior  Superior  Angle. 

12.  Anterior  Inferior  Angle. 

13.  Posterior  Superior  Angle. 

14.  Posterior  Inferior  Angle. 


1.  Parietal  Fossa. 

2.  Groove  for  Middle  Meningeal  Ar- 

3.  Grooves  for  its  branches. 

4.  Parietal  Foramen.  [  Sinus. 

5.  Groove  for  Superior  Longitudinal 

6.  Groove  for  Lateral  Sinus. 

7.  Superior  Border. 


FIG.   III.      OCCIPITAL  BONE OUTER   SURFACE — NATURAL   SIZE. 


1.  Smooth  Surface  for  Occipito- 

Frontalis. 

2.  External  Occipital  Protuberance. 


3.  External  Occipital  Crest. 

4.  Foramen  Magnum. 

5.  Basilar  Process — Inferior  Angle. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


13 


6.  Superior  Curved  Line. 

7.  Rough  surface  for  Muscular  At- 

tachment. 

8.  Inferior  Curved  Line. 

9.  Same  as  No.  7. 

10.  Posterior  Condyloid  Fossa. 

11.  Posterior  Condyloid  Foramen — 


(not  constant.) 

12.  12.  Condyles. 

13.  Superior  Border. 

14.  Lateral  Angle. 

15.  Inferior  Border. 

16.  Jugular  Process. 

17.  Superior  Angle. 


PIG.   IV.      OCCIPITAL  BONE — INTERNAL   SURFACE. 


1.  Groove  for  Superior  Longitudinal 

Sinus. 

2.  Internal  Occipital  Protuberance. 

3.  Internal  Occipital  Crest. 

4.  Foramen  Magnum. 

5.  Basilar  Process;  anterior  surface 

articulating  with  body  of 
Sphenoid. 

6.  Superior  Occipital  Fossa,  for  Cere- 

brum, [side. 

7.  Groove  for  Lateral  Sinus  of  left 

8.  Groove  for  Lateral  Sinus  of  right 

side.  [  bellum. 

9.  Inferior  Occipital  Fossa,  for  Cere- 


10.  Groove  for  Lateral  Sinus. 

11.  Jugular  Process. 

12.  Groove  for  Petrosal  Sinus. 

13.  Fossa  and   Anterior  Condyloid 

Foramen. 

14.  Condyle. 

15.  Posterior  Condyloid  Foramen. 

16.  Superior  Border. 

17.  Inferior  Border. 

18.  Superior  Angle. 

19.  Lateral  Angle. 

20.  Borders  of  the  Basilar  process 

articulating  with  petrous  por- 
tion of  Temporal  Bone. 


FIGS.  V  AND  VI.      PCBTAL  PARIETAL  AND  OCCIPITAL. 


PLATE  XI. 


FIGS.  I  TO  VII.    SPHENOID  BONE. 


FIG.   I.      SPHENOID SUPERIOR  SURFACE. 


1.  Grooves  for  Olfactory  Nerves. 

2.  Optic  Groove. 

3.  3.  Optic  Foramen. 

4.  Superior  Surface  of  Lesser  Wing. 

5.  Apex  of  same. 

6.  Anterior  Clinoid  Process. 

7.  Border  of  Ala  Minor. 

8.  Pituitary  Fossa. 

9.  Support  of  Posterior  Clinoid 

Process. 

10.  Posterior  Clinoid  Process. 

11.  Basilar  Groove. 

12.  Sphenoidal  Fissure. 

13.  Superior  Surface  of  Ala  Major. 


14.  Cavernous  Groove. 

15.  Foramen  Rotundum. 

16.  Foramen  Ovale. 

17.  Foramen  Spinosum. 

18.  Posterior  surface  of  body  for 

Occipital. 

19.  Posterior  surface  of  body  for 

Petrous. 

20.  Spine  of  Sphenoid. 

21.  Posterior  Border  of  Alse  Majores. 

22.  Triangular  surface  joining  the 

Frontal. 

23.  Articular  surface  for  Parietal. 

24.  Ethmoidal  Spine. 


14 


OSTEOLOGY. 


PIG.    II.      SAME    BONE 


1,  2.  Rostrum. 

3.  Sphenoidal  Sinuses. 

4.  Ethmoidal  Spine. 

5.  Sphenoidal  Turbinated  Bone. 

6.  Base  of  Pterygoid  Process. 

7.  Internal  Pterygoid  Plate. 

8.  External  Pterygoid  Plate. 

9.  Posterior  Surface  of  Body. 

10.  Inferior  Surface  of  Lesser  Wing. 

11.  Sphenoidal  Fissure. 

12.  Articular  Surface  of  Lesser 

Wings  for  Frontal. 

13.  Orbital  Surface  of  Great  Wing. 


INFERIOR   SURFACE. 

14.  Border  of  Spheno-maxillary 

Fissure. 

15.  Articular  Border  for  Malar  Bone. 

16.  Temporal  Surface  of  Great 

Wing. 

17.  Zygomatic  Surface  of  Great 

Wing. 

18.  Foramen  Ovale. 

19.  Foramen  Spinosum. 

20.  Posterior  Border  of  Great  Wing. 

21.  Tip  of  Ala  Major. 

22.  Sphenoidal  Spine. 

23.  Foramen  Rotundum. 


FIG.    III.      SAME   BONE — 


1.  Support  for  Posterior  Clinoid 

Process. 

2.  Olfactory  Groove. 

3.  4.  Rostrum. 

5.  5.  Sphenoidal  Sinuses. 

6.  Articular  Border  for  Ethmoid. 

7.  Anterior  Border  of  Lesser 

Wing. 

8.  Inferior  Surface  of  same. 

9.  Sphenoidal  Fissure. 

10.  Foramen  Rotundum. 

11.  Orbital  Surface  of  Great  Wing. 


ANTERIOR    SURFACE. 

12.  Articular  Surface  for  Malar  Bone. 

13.  Margin  of  Sphenoidal  Fissure. 

14.  Sphenoidal  Zygomatic  Surface. 

15.  Sphenoid  portion  of  Temporal 

Fossa. 

16.  Articular  Border  for  Frontal. 

17.  Apex  of  Great  Wing. 

18.  Foramen  Spinosum  and  Spine. 

19.  Foramen  Ovale. 

20.  External  Pterygoid  Plate. 

21.  Internal  Pterygoid  Plate. 

22.  Vidian  Canal. 


FIG.   IV.      SAME   BONE — POSTERIOR   SURFACE. 


1.  Support  for  Posterior  Cliniod 
Process. 

2.  Posterior  Clinoid  Process. 

3.  Basilar  Groove.  [ital. 

4.  Posterior  Surface — joins  Occip- 

5.  Pterygo-palatine  Fissure. 

6.  Rostrum. 

7.  Vidian  Canal.  [Bone. 

8.  Posterior  Border  joining  Petrous 


9.  Anterior  Clinoid  Process. 

10.  Posterior  Border  of  Lesser  Win  g. 

11.  Internal  Pterygoid  Plate. 

12.  External  Pterygoid  Plate. 

13.  Pterygoid  Fossa. 

14.  Extremity  of  Great  Wing. 

15.  Anterior  Border  of  Great  Wing. 

16.  Posterior  Border  of  same. 

17.  Articular  Surface  for  Malar. 


FIG.  V.      SAME    BONE SUPERIOR   SURFACE.      THE    UPPER    PLATE    REMOVED. 

EXPOSING   THE    SPHENOIDAL   SINUSES    AND   THEIR    SEPTUM. 


1.  Superior  Surface. 

2.  Sphenoidal  Sinuses. 

3.  Orifices  of  same. 

4.  Support  for  Posterior  Clinoid 

Process. 


5.  Posterior  Clinoid  Process. 

6.  Anterior  Clinoid  Process. 

7.  Optic  Foramen. 

8.  Superior  Surface  of  Lesser 

Wings. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


15 


9.  Sphenoidal  Fissure. 

10.  Anterior  Border  of  Alae  Minores. 

11.  Articular  Border  of  Ala  Major 

for  Frontal. 

12.  Extremity  of  Great  Wing. 

13.  Posterior  Border  of  Great  Wing. 

14.  Superior  Surface  of  Great  Wing. 

15.  Cavernous  Groove. 


16.  Foramen  Rotundum. 

17.  Foramen  Ovale. 

18.  Foramen  Spinosum. 

19.  Sphenoidal  Spine. 

20.  Posterior  Surface  of  Body. 

21.  Posterior  Surface  of  Support  of 

Posterior  Clinoid  Processes. 


FIG.  VI.      SAME   BONE MATURE    FCETUS UPPER   ASPECT. 


1.  Posterior  Portion  of  Body. 

2.  Lesser  Wings. 


3.  Great  Wings. 

4.  Root  of  Great  Wings. 


FIG.  VII.      SAME   BONE — POSTERIOR   SURFACE. 


1.  Posterior  Surface  of  Body. 

2.  Inferior  Surface  of  Body. 

3.  Pterygoid  Processes. 


4.  Lesser  Wings. 

5.  Great  Wings. 


FIG.  VIII.      SAME    BONE INFERIOR   SURFACE. 


1.  Anterior  Portion  of  Body. 

2.  Lesser  Wings. 

3.  Posterior  Portion  of  Body. 

4.  Cavity  found  on  the  Inferior  sur- 

face of  the  Festal  Sphenoid. 


5.  Sphenoidal  Fissure. 

6.  Great  Wings. 

7.  Pterygoid  Process. 

8.  Root  of  Great  Wing. 


PLATE  XII.    FIGS.  I  TO  XIII. 

FIG.    I.      TEMPORAL   BONE EXTERNAL   SURFACE. 


1.  Squamous  Portion. 

2.  Zygomatic  Process. 

3.  Articular  Surface  for  Malar. 

4.  Base  of  Zygomatic  Process. 

5.  Anterior  Root. 

6.  Middle  Root. 

7.  Posterior  Root. 

8.  Posterior  Margin  of  Glenoid 

Fossa. 

9.  Auditory  Process. 

10.  Anterior  Portion  of  Glenoid 

Fossa. 

11.  Posterior  Portion  of  same. 

12.  Petrous  Portion  of  Temporal. 


13.  Superior  Orifice  of  Carotid 

14.  Base  of  Styloid  Process.  [Canal. 

15.  Styloid  Process. 

16.  Mastoid  Process. 

17.  Mastoid  Groove. 

18.  Mastoid  Foramen. 

19.  Superior  Border. 

20.  Surface  for  Articulation  with 

Great  Wing  of  Sphenoid. 

21.  Notch  between  Petrous  and 

Squamous  Portions. 

22.  Groove  between  Squamous  and 

Mastoid  Portions. 

23.  Inferior  Border. 


FIG.    II.      TEMPORAL   BONE INTERNAL    SURFACE. 

1.  Squamous  Portion,  Inner  Sur-   I    2.  Groove  for  lodgment  of  Branch 
face.  |  of  Middle  Meningeal  Artery. 


16 


OSTEOLOGY. 


3.  Superior  Surface  of  Petrous  Por- 

tion. 

4.  Hiatus  Fallopii.  [tion. 

5.  Posterior  Surface  of  Petrous  Por- 

6.  Orifice  of  Aquwductus  Vestibuli. 

7.  Meatus  Auditorius  Interims. 

8.  Superior  Border  of  Petrous  Por- 

tion. 

9.  Apex  of  Petrous  Portion. 

10.  Surface  articulating  with  Jug- 

ular Process  of  Occipital. 

11.  Inferior  Border  of  Petrous  Por- 

12.  Styloid  Process.  [tion. 


13.  Groove  for  Lateral  Sinus. 

14.  Internal  Orifice  of  Mastoid  For- 

amen. 

15.  Superior  Border  of  Bone. 

16.  Surface   articulating   with   the 

Great  Wing  of  Sphenoid. 

17.  Articular  Surface  of  Zygomatic 

Process  for  the  Malar  Bone. 

18.  Groove  between  Squamous  and 

Petrous  Portions. 

19.  Groove  between  the  Squamous 

and  Mastoid  Portions. 

20.  Articular  Surface  for  Occipital. 


FIG.   III.      TEMPORAL   BONE INFERIOR    SURFACE. 


1.  Zygomatic  Process.  [Bone. 

2.  Articular  Surface  for  Malar 

3.  Base  of  Zygomatic  Process. 

4.  Anterior  Root. 

5.  Superior  division  of  Middle  Root. 

6.  Inferior  division  of  Middle  Root. 

7.  Anterior   Portion   of  Glenoid 

Cavity. 

8.  Posterior   Portion  of  Glenoid 

Cavity. 

9.  Glaserian  Fissure. 

10.  Inferior  Orifice  of  Carotid  Canal. 

11.  Jugular  Fossa. 

12.  Triangular  Surface  for  articu- 

lating with  the  Jugular  Por- 
tion of  Occipital. 


13.  Groove  for  Lateral  Sinus. 

14.  Vaginal  Process. 

15.  Meatus  Auditorius  Externus. 

16.  Stylo-mastoid  Foramen. 

17.  Apex  of  Mastoid  Process. 

18.  Groove  for  Digastric  Muscle. 

19.  Mastoid  Foramen. 

20.  Aquseductus  Cochlse,  Orifice  of. 

21.  Superior   Orifice  of  Carotid 

Canal. 

22.  Angle  between    Squamous  and 

Petrous  Portions. 

23.  Anterior   Border  of  Squamous 

Portion. 

24.  External  Surface  of  Squamous 

Portion. 


FIG.  IV.      TEMPORAL   BONE   OF  A  MATURE   FCETUS — EXTERNAL   SURFACE. 


1.  Squamous  Portion. 

2.  Zygomatic  Process. 

3.  Superior   Division   of  Middle 

Root. 

4.  Inferior  Division  of  Middle  Root. 

5.  Glenoid  Cavity  (very  shallow). 

6.  Angle  between   the   Squamous 

and  Petrous  Portions. 


7.  Articular   Surface  for   Malar 

Bone. 

8.  Bony  Ring  at  Meatus  Auditorius 

Externus. 

9.  Stylo-mastoid  Foramen. 

10.  Mastoid  Portion.  [tion. 

11.  Inferior  Border  of  Mastoid  Por- 

12.  Rudiments  of  Mastoid  Process. 


FIG.   V.       RIGHT    SUPERIOR    MAXILLARY    BONE — EXTERNAL    SURFACE. 


1.  Apex  of  Nasal  Process   artic- 
ulating with  Frontal. 


2.  Anterior  Border  of  Nasal  Process 
articulating  with  Nasal  Bone. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


17 


3.  Inner  Margin  of  Posterior  Border 

articulating  with  Os  Unguis. 

4.  External   Margin   of  Posterior 

Border. 

5.  Orbital  Surface. 

6.  Infra-orbital  Groove. 

7.  Anterior  Portion  of  Border  of 

Orbital   Surface   articulating 
with  Lachrymal  Bone. 

8.  Middle  Portion  of  same  joining 

the  Ethmoid. 


9.  Posterior  Portion  of  same  Border 
joining  the  Palate  Bone. 

10.  Malar  Process. 

11.  Infra-orbital  Foramen. 

12.  Incisive  Fossa.    . 

13.  Ridge  extending  from  Malar  Pro- 

cess to  the  Alveolar  Border. 

14.  Maxillary  Tuberosity. 

15.  Nasal  Border. 

16.  Anterior  Nasal  Spine. 

17.  Alveolar  Border. 


FIG.  VI.      SAME    BONE — INTERNAL   SURFACE. 


1.  Apex  of  Nasal  Process. 

2.  Anterior  Border  of  same.     [der. 

3.  Internal  Margin  of  Posterior  Bor- 

4.  Superior  Turbinated  Crest. 

5.  Middle  Meatus. 

6.  Inferior  Turbinated  Crest. 

7.  Nasal  Notch. 

8.  Nasal  Spine. 

9.  Palate  Process. 

10.  Anterior  Palatine  Canal. 

11.  Hard  Palate  forming  the  Floor 

of  the  Nose. 


12.  Inferior  Meatus. 

13.  Antrum  of  Highmore. 

14.  Portion  of  Antrum   closed  by 

Palate  Bone. 

15.  Surface  joining   the   Vertical 

Portion  of  Palate. 

16.  Posterior  Palatine  Canal. 

17.  Articular  Surface  for  the  Tuber- 

osity of  Palate. 

18.  Alveolar  Process. 

19.  Maxillary  Tuberosity. 


FIG.  VII.      SAME   BONE — SUPERIOR   SURFACE. 


1.  Apex  of  Nasal  Process. 

2.  Its  Anterior  Border. 

3.  Anterior  Nasal  Spine. 

4.  5.  Alveolar  Border. 

6.  Orbital  Surface.  [  face. 

7.  Internal  Border  of  Orbital   Sur- 

8.  Infra-orbital  Groove. 


9.  Border  of  Spheno-rnaxillary  Fis- 

10.  Malar  Process.  [sure. 

11.  Two  Margins  of  Posterior  Bor- 

der of  Nasal  Process. 

12.  Superior  Surface  of  Palate 

Process.  [Border. 

13.  Articular   Surface  for  Palate 


FIG.  VIII.      SAME   BONE — INFERIOR   SURFACE. 


1.  Nasal  Process. 

2.  Nasal  Notch. 

3.  Nasal  Spine. 

4.  Canine   Fossa  and  Infra-orbital 

Foramen. 

5.  Malar  Process. 

6.  Palate  Process. 

7.  Anterior  Palatine  Foramen. 

8.  Internal  Border  of  Palate  Process. 


9.  Posterior  of  same. 

10.  Socket  of  Middle  Incisor  Tooth. 

11.  Socket  of  Lateral  Incisor. 

12.  Socket  of  Canine  Tooth. 

13.  14.  Sockets  for  two  Bicuspids. 
15,  16,  17.  Multilocular  Sockets  of 

three  Molars. 

18.  Internal  Surface, articulates  with 
the  Palate  Bone. 


18 


OSTEOLOGY. 


PIG.  IX.      SAME    BONE THE    MAXILLARY    SINUS,    INFRA-ORBITAL   CANAL, 

AND   ALVEOLI    LAID    OPEN. 


1.  Apex  of  Nasal  Process. 

2.  Anterior  Border  of  same. 

3.  Internal    Margin   of  Posterior 

Border. 

4.  External  Margin  of  same. 

5.  Orbital  Surface. 

6.  Internal  Border  of  same. 

7.  Infra-orbital  Groove  and  Canal. 

8.  Bifurcation   of  Infra-orbital 

Canal. 

9.  Inferior  Division  of  same,  giving 

passage  to  the  Dental  Nerves. 
10,  10.  Superior   Division  of  same 
Canal. 


11.  11,  11.  Divided   Portion  of  the 

Bone. 

12.  Internal  Orifice  of  the  Antrum. 

13.  13.  Internal    Wall    and    Bony 

Lamina  of  same. 

14.  Anterior  Wall  of  Antrum. 

15.  Nasal  Notch. 

16.  Anterior  Nasal  Spine. 

17.  18.  Sockets  of  the  two  Incisors. 

19.  Socket  for  the  Canine. 

20,  21.  Sockets  for  the  two  Bicus- 

pids. 

22,  23,  24.  Sockets   for  the  three 
Molars. 


,       FIX.    X. 

1.  Nasal  Process. 

2.  Nasal  Notch. 

3.  Anterior  Nasal  Spine. 

4.  Inferior  Border. 


FCETAL   MAXILLARY — EXTERNALLY. 

5.  Infra-orbital  Foramen. 

6.  Orbital  Surface  and  Infra-orbital 

Groove. 

7.  Malar  Process. 


FIG.   XI.      SUPERIOR   MAXILLA   OF  A   WOMAN   OF   NINETY — INFERIOR   SUR- 
FACE, SHOWING  THE    COMPLETE    OBLITERATION    OF   THE 
ALVEOLAR   PROCESS. 


1.  Nasal  Process. 

2.  Nasal  Notch. 

3.  Anterior  Nasal  Spine. 

4.  Infra-orbital  Foramen. 

5.  Inferier  Border. 

6.  Concave   Surface   from   Malar 

Process  to  Alveolar  Border. 


7.  Malar  Process. 

8.  Palate  Process. 

9.  Its  Internal  Border. 

10.  Anterior  Palatine  Foramen. 

11.  Posterior  Border  of  Palate 

Process. 

12.  Maxillary  Tuberosity. 


FIG.  XII.      RIGHT    MALAR   BONE EXTERNAL    SURFACE. 


1.  Frontal  Process.  [cess. 

2.  Inferior  Angle  of  Maxillary  Pro- 

3.  Anterior  Angle  of  same  Process. 

4.  Zygomatic  Process. 

5.  Anterior  Superior  Border. 

FIG.    XIII.      SAME   BONE 

1.  Frontal  Process.  [  lar  Canal. 

2.  Orbital  Process  and  Temporo-ma- 

3.  4.  Free  Border  of  Internal  Surface. 

5.  Articular   Surface   for   Upper 

Maxillary. 

6.  Posterior  Superior  Border. 


6.  Posterior  Superior  Border. 

7.  Posterior  Inferior  Border. 

8.  Anterior  Inferior  Border. 

9.  External  Surface. 
10.  Malar  Foramen. 

; INTERNAL    SURFACE. 

7.  Anterior  Superior  Border. 

8.  Anterior  Inferior  Border. 

9.  Posterior  Inferior  Border. 

10.  Anterior  Angle. 

11.  Posterior  Angle. 

12.  Inferior  Angle. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


19 


PLATE  XIII.    FIGS.  I  TO  X. 


FIG.  I.      BASE    OP   THE    SKULL EXTERNAL    SURFACE. 


I.     Sphenoid. 

ii.    Occipital. 

in.  Temporal. 

iv.   Parietal,  (posterior  inferior  an- 

vn.  Vomer.  [gle-) 

ix.   Malar. 

x.    Superior  Maxillary. 

xi.  Palate. 

xn.  Nasal. 

13.  Great  Wing  of  Sphenoid. 

15.  Spheno-maxillary  Fissure. 

16.  Spine  of  Sphenoid. 

17.  Alee  Ingrassise. 

18.  Foramen  Ovale. 

19.  Foramen  Spinosum. 

20.  21.  External  Pterygoid  Plates. 
22.  Internal  Pterygoid  Plate. 

24.  Vaginal  Process. 

25.  Hamular  Process. 

26.  Basilar  Process  of  Occipital. 

27.  Spina  Basilaris. 

31.  Condyle. 

32.  Posterior  Condyloid  Fossa. 

33.  Jugular  Fossa. 

36.  Smooth  Surface  for  Occipito- 

Frontalis. 

37.  External  Occipital  Protuberance 


38.  Superior  Curved  Line. 

39.  External  Occipital  Crest. 

40.  Inferior  Curved  Line. 

44.  Squamous  Portion  of  Temporal. 

45.  Zygomatic  Process  of  Temporal. 

46.  Its  Anterior  Root. 

47.  Its  Posterior  Root. 

48.  Eminentia  Articularis. 

49.  Glenoid  Cavity. 

50.  Glaserian  Fissure. 

51.  Mastoid  Portion  of  Temporal. 
62.  Mastoid  Process. 

53.  Occipital  Groove. 

55.  Mastoid  Foramen. 

57.  Meatus  Auditorius  Externus. 

59.  Vaginal  Process. 

60.  Stylo-mastoid  Foramen. 

61.  Carotid  Canal. 

66.  Foramen  Lacerum  Medium. 
68.  Superciliary  *Ridge  of  Frontal. 
71.  External  Angular  Process  of 

80.  Alveolar  Process.          [  Frontal. 

81.  Palate  Process  of  Superior  Max- 

illary. 
83.  Anterior  Palatine  Fossa. 

85.  Horizontal  Plate  of  Palate  Bone. 

86.  Posterior  Palatine  Foramen. 


FIG.    II.      BASE    OF   THE    SKULL CEREBRAL    SURFACE. 


1.  Frontal  Bone. 

2.  Foramen  Csecum. 

3.  Crista  GallL 

4.  Cribriform  Plate  of  Ethmoid. 

5.  Ethmoidal  Spine  of  Sphenoid. 

6.  Body  of  Sphenoid. 

7.  Optic  Groove. 

8.  Optic  Foramen. 

9.  Sella  Turcica. 

10.  Anterior  Clinoid  Process. 

11.  Support  for  the  Posterior  Clin- 

oid Processes. 

12.  Posterior  Clinoid  Process. 


13.  Basilar  Suture  and  Process. 

14.  Foramen  Magnum. 

15.  Anterior  Condyloid  Foramen. 

16.  Groove  for  Occipital  Sinus. 

17.  Torcular  Herophili. 

18.  Orbital  Plate  of  Frontal. 

19.  Lesser  Wing  of  Sphenoid. 

20.  Coronal  Suture. 

21.  Parietal  Bone. 

22.  Squamo-parietal  Suture. 

23.  Squamo-sphenoidal  Suture. 

24.  Sphenoidal  Fissure. 

25.  Foramen  Rotundum. 


20 


OSTEOLOGY. 


26.  Foramen  Ovale. 

27.  Cavernous  Groove. 

28.  Foramen  Lacerum  Medium. 

29.  Foramen  Spinosum. 

30.  Hiatus  Fallopii. 

31.  Slit  for  Dura-mater. 

32.  Meatus  Auditorius  Internus. 

33.  Groove  for  Petrosal  Sinus. 

34.  Foramen  Lacerum  Posterius. 

35.  Posterior  Condyloid  Foramen. 


36.  Posterior-inferior  Angle  of  Pa- 

rietal. 

37.  Mastoid  Foramen. 

38.  Masto-occipital  Suture. 

39.  Posterior  inferior  Fossa — for 

Cerebellum. 

40.  Groove  for  Lateral  Sinus. 

41.  Coronal  Suture. 

42.  Lambdoid  Suture.  [ance. 

43.  External  Occipital  Protuber- 


FIG.  III.      VERTICAL   SECTION   OF   SKULL — INTERNAL   SURFACE. 


I. 

II. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VIII 

X. 

XI. 

XII. 

1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 

6. 

7. 
11. 
20. 
23. 
25. 
26. 


Sphenoid. 
Occipital. 
Parietal. 
Frontal. 
Ethmoid. 

.Inferior  Turbinated. 
Superior  Maxillary. 
Palate. 
Nasal. 

Body  of  Sphenoicl — Posterior 
Pituitary  Fossa.  [Surface 

Posterior  Clinoid  Process. 
Groove  for  Pons  Varoli.     (Cli- 

vus  Blumenbachii.) 
Olivary  Process. 
Carotid  or  Cavernous  Groove. 
Anterior  Clinoid  Process. 
External  Pterygoid  Plate. 
Pterygoid  Fossa. 
Hamular  Process. 
Basilar  Process. 


29.  Condyloid  Portion  of  Occipital. 
31.  Condyle. 

36.  Pars  Occipitalis.  [ance. 

37.  External  Occipital  Protuber- 
44.  Squamous  Portion  of  Temporal. 
56.  Petrous  Portion  of  Temporal. 
63.  Meatus  Auditorius  Internus. 
67.  Frontal  Bone. 

69.  Internal  Frontal  Bone. 

72.  Nasal  Eminence. 

73.  Foramen  Ccecum. 

74.  Frontal  Sinus. 

75.  Crista  Galli. 

76.  Cribiform  Plate. 

77.  Superior  Turbinated  Bone. 

78.  Middle  Turbinated  Bone. 

79.  Nasal  Process  of  Superior  Max- 

80.  Alveolar  Process.  [illary. 
82.  Crest  of  Superior  Maxillary. 
84.  Perpendicular  Portion  of  Palate 

Bone. 


FIG.  IV.   INFERIOR  MAXILLARY  BONE — INTERNAL  SURFACE. 


1.  Body. 

2.  Mylo-Hyoidean  Line. 

3.  Alveolar  Process. 

4.  Ramus. 

5.  Inferior  Dental  Foramen. 


6.  Sigmoid  Notch. 

7.  Coronoid  Process. 

8.  Condyloid  Process. 

9.  Condyle.  10.  Neck. 
11.  Angle  of  Jaw. 


FIGS.  V,  VI,  ATLAS FIG.  V,  SUPERIOR  SURFACE.      FIG.  VI,  INFERIOR  SURFACE. 


1.  Anterior  Arch. 

2.  Tubercle. 

3.  Articular  Surface  for  Odontoid. 

4.  Posterior  Arch.  [Process.) 

5.  Tubercle.  (Rudimentary  Spinous 


6.  Lateral  Masses. 

7.  Superior  Articular  Surface. 

8.  Inferior  Articular  Surface. 

9.  Tubercles  for  Transverse  Liga- 
11.  Transverse  Processes.       [ment. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


21 


Fig.  VII.     Axis — Superior  Surface. 
Fig.  VIII.     Third  Cervical  Vertebra — Superior  Surface. 
Fig.  IX.     Dorsal  Vertebra — Side  View. 

FIG.  X.      LUMBAR  VERTEBRA — SIDE  VIEW. 


1.  Odontoid  Process  of  Axis. 

2.  Body  of  Vertebra. 

3.  Arch  formed  by  LaminsB. 

4.  Spinous  Process. 

5.  Inferior  Articular  Processes. 


6.  Superior  Articular  Processes. 

7.  Transverse  Process. 

8.  Its  Anterior  Root. 

9.  Its  Posterior  Root. 

10.  Demi-facet  for  Head  of  Rib. 


PLATE  XIV..    FIGS.  I  TO  IX. 

FIG.    I.      SEVENTH    CERVICAL   VERTEBRA — SUPERIOR    SURFACE. 


1.  Body. 

2.  Vertebral  Foramen. 


3.  Superior  Articular  Process. 

4.  Spinous  Process. 


FIG.    II.      EIGHTH   DORSAL   VERTEBRA — INFERIOR   SURFACE. 


1.  Body. 

2.  Inferior  Articular   Process  look- 

ing forward. 

3.  3.  Transverse  Processes. 


4.  Spinous  Process. 

5.  Spinal  Foramen. 

6.  Intervertebral  Notch. 


FIG.    III.      SAME    VERTEBRA — SUPERIOR   SURFACE. 

1,  2,  3,  4,  5.  Same  as  in  the  above.     Superior  Articular  Process  facing 
backward. 

FIG.  IV.      FOURTH   LUMBAR   VERTEBRA — INFERIOR   SURFACE. 


1.  Body. 

2.  Transverse  Process. 

3.  Inferior  Articular  Process,  look- 


ing forward  and  outward. 

4.  Superior  Articular  Process. 

5.  Spinous  Process. 


1.  Body. 

2. '  Transverse  Process. 

3.  Superior  Articular  Process. 


FIG.  V.      SAME    VERTEBRA — UPPER  ASPECT. 

4.  Inferior  Articular  Process. 

5.  Spinous  Process. 


FIG.  VI.       SACRUM ANTERIOR   VIEW. 

FIG.  VII.       SACRUM — POSTERIOR   VIEW. 


1.  Body  of  Sacral  Vertebrae. 

2.  Anterior  Sacral  Foramina. 

3.  Rudimentary   Coalesced   Trans- 

verse Processes. 


4.  Rudimentary  Spinous  Processes. 

5.  Posterior  Sacral  Foramina. 

6.  Sacral  Cornua. 


22 


OSTEOLOGY. 


FIG.  VIII.      COCCYX. 

1.  Rudiments  of  Transverse  Processes. 


FIG.    IX. 


1.  Posterior  Extremity. 

2.  Head. 

3.  Tubercle. 

4.  Neck. 


POSTERIOR   ASPECT   OP   RIBS. 

5.  Angle. 

6.  Shaft. 

7.  Sternal  Extremity. 


2.  Cornua. 


PLATE  XV.    FIGS.  I  TO  VI. 


FIG.   I. 

1.  Head. 

2.  Neck. 

3.  Greater  Tuberosity. 

4.  Musculo-spiral  Groove. 
6.  Posterior  Surface. 


HUMERUS — POSTERIOR  ASPECT. 

6.  Internal  Surface. 

7.  External  Surface. 

8.  Inner  Condyle. 

9.  Trochlea. 


FIG.   II.      SAME   BONE — ANTERIOR   VIEW. 


1.  Head. 

2.  Neck. 

3.  Greater  Tuberosity. 

4.  Lesser  Tuberosity. 

5.  Bicipital  Groove. 

6.  Insertion  of  Deltoid. 

7.  Anterior  Surface. 


8.  Outer  Surface. 

9.  Inner  Surface. 

10.  Coronoid  Fossa. 

11.  Inner  Condyle. 

12.  Outer  Condyle. 

13.  14.  Trochlea. 
15.  Capitellum. 


FIG.  III.      ULNA — INNER   ASPECT. 


1.  Olecranon  Process. 

2.  Coronoid  Process. 

3.  Sigmoid  Cavity. 

4.  Inner  Surface. 

5.  Inner  Border. 


6.  Interosseous  Border. 

7.  Surface  joining  Radius. 

8.  Surface  joining  Fibro-cartilage  of 

Wrist. 

9.  Styloid  Process. 


FIG.  IV.      ULNA — SUPERIOR   SURFACE. 


1.  Olecranon.  [face. 

2.  Internal  Lateral  Ligament,  Sur- 

3.  Greater  Sigmoid  Cavity. 

4.  Lesser  Sigmoid  Cavity. 

5.  Origin  of  Flexor  Profundus. 
G.  Interosseous  Border. 


7.  Superior  Surface. 

8.  Internal  Border. 

9.  Surface   for   Fibro-cartilage  of 

Wrist. 

10.  Styloid  Process. 

11.  Surface  joining  Radius. 


FIG.   V.       RADIUS — UPPER    ASPECT. 


1.  Surface  joining  Humerns. 

2.  Side  of  Head. 


3.  Neck. 

4.  Tuberosity. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


23 


5.  Upper  Border. 

6.  Outer  Surface. 

7.  Interosseous  Border. 

8.  Groove  for  Extensores  Pollicis. 


9.  Styloid  Process. 

10.  Facets  for  Carpo-radial  Joint. 

11.  Facet  for  Radio-ulnar  Joint. 


FIG.  VI.      RADIUS — INFERIOR   ASPECT. 


1.  Humeral  Articular  Surface. 

2.  Head. 

3.  Neck. 

4.  Tubercle. 

5.  Posterior  Surface. 

6.  External  Surface. 

7.  Inner  Border. 

8.  Facets  for  Wrist  Joint. 

9.  Styloid  Process. 

10.  Facet  for  Radio-ulnar  Joint. 


11.  Groove   for  Extensor   Minimi 

Digiti. 

12.  Groove  for  Extensor  Communis 

and  Indicis. 

13.  Groove  for  Extensor  Secundi — 

Internodii  Pollicis. 

14.  Groove  for  Carpi-radialis   Long 

and  Short  Extensors. 

15.  Groove  for   Extensores   Ossis 

Metacarpi  Pollicis  and  Primi 
Internod.  Pollicis. 


PLATE  XVI.    FIGS.  I  TO  VI. 

FIG.   I.      OS   INNOMINATUM — EXTERNAL   SURFACE. 
FIG.   II.      SAME — INTERNAL   SURFACE. 


1.  Ilium. 

2.  Middle  Curved  Line. 

3.  Ilio-pectineal  Line. 

4.  Inferior  Curved  Line. 

5.  Auricular  Surface. 

6.  Crest  of  the  Ilium. 

7.  External  Lip  of  Crest. 

8.  Internal  Lip. 

9.  Intermediate  Space.  [cess. 

10.  Anterior  Superior  Spinous  Pro- 

11.  Posterior  Superior  Spinous  Pro- 

cess. 

12.  Anterior  Margin.  [cess. 

13.  Anterior  Inferior  Spinous  Pro- 

14.  Posterior    Margin — Semilunar 

Notch. 

15.  Posterior  Inferior  Spinous  Pro- 

cess. 


16.  Great  Sacro-sciatic  Notch. 

17.  Ischium. 

18.  Its  Ascending  Ramus  or  Body. 

19.  Descending  Ramus. 

20.  Spine  of  Ischium. 

21.  Lesser  Sacro-sciatic  Notch. 

22.  Tuberosity  of  Ischium. 

23.  Obturator  Foramen. 

24.  Pubes. 

25.  Horizontal  Ramus. 

26.  Descending  Ramus. 

27.  Crest  of  Pubes. 

28.  Ilio-pectineal  Eminence. 

29.  Acetabulum. 

30.  Rim  of  Acetabulum. 

31.  Cotyloid  Notch. 

32.  Semilunar  Surface. 

33.  Surface  for  Ligamentum  Teres. 


FIG.    III.       FEMUR. 


1.  Superior  Extremity. 

2.  Head. 

3.  Neck. 


4.  Trochanter  Minor. 

5.  Trochanter  Major. 

6.  Inter-trochanteric  Line. 


24 


OSTEOLOGY. 


7.  Shaft.  10.  Inferior  Extremity. 

8.  Internal  Division  of  Linea  11.  External  Condyle. 

Aspera.  12.  Internal  Condyle. 

9.  External   Division  of  Linea  13.  Inter-condyloid  Notch. 

Aspera. 

FIG.  IV.   PATELLA — ANTERIOR  SURFACE. 

1.  Base  or  Superior  Border.  |  2.  Apex. 


FIG.  V.      TIBIA. 


1.  Crest  of  Tibia. 

2.  Superior  Extremity. 

3.  External  Tuberos.ity. 

4.  Internal  Tuberosity. 


[  Femur. 


5.  Articular  Facets  for  Condyles  of 

6.  Spine  of  Tibia. 


1.  Superior  Extremity. 

2.  Shaft. 


7.  Apices  of  Spine. 

8.  Sulcus  between  Apices  of  Spine. 

9.  Tubercle. 

10.  Inferior  Extremity. 

11.  Facet  for  Fibula. 

12.  Internal  Malleolus. 


FIG.  VI.      FIBULA. 


3.  Crest. 

4.  External  Malleolus. 


PLATE  XVII.     FIGS.  I  TO  XVI. 

FIG.   I.      PALMAR   SURFACE   OF  THE   HAND. 
FIG.   II.      DORSAL   SURFACE   OF  THE    HAND. 


1.  Carpus. 

2.  Scaphoid. 

3.  Semilunar. 

4.  Cuneiform. 

5.  Pisiform. 

6.  Trapezium. 

7.  Trapezoid. 

8.  Os  Magnum. 

9.  Head  of  Os  Magnum. 
10.  Unciform. 


11.  Unciform  Process. 

12.  Metacarpus. 

13.  Base     \ 

14.  Shaft    >  of  Metacarpal  Bones. 

15.  Head    ) 

16.  First  Row  of  Phalanges. 

17.  Second  Row  of  Phalanges. 

18.  Third  Row  of  Phalanges. 

19.  Sesamoid  Bones. 


FIG.   III.      OS   CALCIS — UPPER   SURFACE 
FIG.    IV.      OS   CALCIS — INFERIOR   SURFACE. 

1.  Body  of  Calcaneum.-  3.  Anterior  Process. 

2.  Tuberosity  of  the  Os  Calcis.  4.  Internal  Process. 


1.  Body. 


FIG.  V.      ASTRAGALUS — SUPERIOR   SURFACE. 
FIG.  VI.      SAME    BONE — INFERIOR   SURFACE. 

FIG.  VII.      SCAPHOID — OUTER   SURFACE. 
FIG.   VIII.       SAME — INNER   SURFACE. 


1.  Tuberosity  of  Scaphoid. 


OSTEOLOGY.  25 

Fig.    IX.  Internal  Cuneiform — Outer  Aspect. 

"         X.  Internal  Cuneiform — Inner  Aspect. 

"       XI.  Mid'dle  Cuneiform — Outer  Aspect. 

"     XII.  Same — Inner  Aspect. 

"   XIII.  External  Cuneiform — Outer  Surface. 

"    XIV.  Same — Inner  Surface. 

FIG.    XV.      CUBOID VIEWED    EXTERNALLY. 

FIG.    XVI.       SAME INTERNAL    SURFACE. 

1.  Tuberosity  of  the  Cuboid.  2.  Groove  for  Peroneus  Longus. 


PLATE  XVIII.    FIGS.  I  TO  LIV. 

In  the  Carpal  Bones, 

A.  Designates  Superior  Surface.          D.  Posterior  Surface. 

B.  Inferior  Surface.  E.  External  Surface. 

C.  Anterior  Surface.  F.  Internal  Surface. 

Fig.    1.  Scaphoid — Anterior  Surface. 

"      2.  Same — Posterior  Surface. 

"      3.  Same — Superior  Surface. 

"      4.  Same — Internal  Surface. 

"      5.  Semilunar — Anterior  Surface. 

"      6.  Same — Posterior  Surface. 

"      7.  Same — Internal  and  Superior  Surface. 

"      8.  Same — Internal  and  Inferior  Surface. 

"      9.  Cuneiform — Anterior  Surface. 

"     10.  Same — Posterior  Surface. 

"     11.  Same — External  Surface. 

"     12.  Same — Inferior  Surface. 

"     13.  Pisiform — Anterior  Surface. 

"     14.  Same — Posterior  Surface. 

"     15.  Same — External  Surface. 

"     16.  Same — Internal  Surface. 

"     17.  Trapezius — Anterior  Surface. 

"     18.  Same — Posterior  Surface. 

"     19.  Same — Superior  and  Internal  Surface. 

"     20.  Same — Inferior  Surface. 

"     21.  Trapezoid — Superior  Surface. 

"     22.  Trapezoid — External  Surface. 

"     23.  Trapezoid — Posterior  Surface. 

"     24.  Trapezoid — Inferior  Surface. 

"     25.  Os  Magnum — Anterior  Surface. 

"     26.  Os  Magnum — Internal  Surface. 

"     27.  Os  Magnum — External  Surface. 

"     28.  Os  Magnum — Inferior  Surface^ 


26 


OSTEOLOGY. 


Fig.  29.     Unciform — Posterior  Surface. 

"     30.     Unciform — Internal  Surface. 

"     31.     Unciform — External  Surface. 

"     32.     Unciform — Inferior  Surface. 
G.  Unciform  Process. 

(          Articular  Surfaces  of 

<  Superior  Extremity  of  First  Metacarpal. 

(Inferior  "          "      " 

(  Superior  "          "  Second         " 

f  Inferior  "          "      " 

(  Superior  "          "  Third 


Fig.  33. 


34. 


35. 


36. 


(  Inferior 

f  Internal  Surface 

<  Superior  Extremity  " 

(  Inferior 


37. 

38. 

39. 
40. 


)  Superior          " 
i  Inferior  " 

j  Superior          " 
\  Inferior 
j  Superior  " 

$  Inferior 
Superior 

(  First  Metatarsal  Bone. 
}  5.  Posterior  Exremity,  a. 
(  6.  Anterior  Extremity,  6. 
(  Second  Metatarsal  Bone. 
}  5.  Anterior  Extremity. 
(  6.  Posterior  Extremity. 
f  Third  Metatarsal. 
.  <  5.  Posterior  Extremity. 
'  6.  Anterior  Extremity. 
(  Fourth  Metatarsal. 
.  <  5.  Posterior  Extremity. 
(  6.  Anterior  Extremity. 
f  Fifth  Metatarsal. 
.  <  5.  Posterior  Extremity. 
(  6.  Anterior  Extremity. 
f  First  Phalanx  of  Great  Toe 
.  <  5.  Posterior  Extremity. 
(  6.  Anterior  Extremity. 
(  Last  Phalanx  of  Great  Toe. 
'  I  5.  Posterior  Extremity. 

(  First  Phalanx  of  Second 
i.  <  1 .  Superior  Surface.  [Toe. 
(  2.  Inferior  Surface. 


Fourth 


Fifth 

"  "  [  ger. 

First  Phalanx  of  Middle  Fin. 


same. 


"  Second 


"  Third       "         "       " 

(3.  Internal  Border. 
Fig.  48. <  4.  Posterior  Extremity. 
1.5.  Anterior  Extremity. 
Second  Phalanx  of  Second 

1.  Superior  Surface.  [Toe 

2.  Inferior  Surface. 


Fig.  49.^ 


3.  Internal  Border. 


Pig. 


4.  Posterior  Extremity. 

5.  Anterior  Extremity. 

,,.  p,ft  (  Second  Phalanx  of  Fourth 
B  ig.  00-  \  Superior  Surface.  [Toe. 
f  Third  Phalanx  of  Second 

1.  Superior  Surface.  [Toe 

2.  Inferior  Surface. 

3.  Internal  Border. 

.4.  Posterior  Extremity. 

f  Carpal  Extremity  of  Ulna. 
I  1.  Articular  Surface  of 
Fig.  52.^          Wrist  Joint. 
i^2.  Styloid  Process. 

Sternal  End  of  Clavicle. 

Articular  Surface. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


27 


{Patella — Posterior  Surface 
1,  2.  Surfaces  for  Condyles 
of  Femur. 
3.  Ridge  dividing  them. 


Fig.  54.- 


'4.  Superior  Border. 

5.  Inferior  Border. 

6.  Inner  Border. 

-7.  External  Border. 


PLATE  XIX.    FIGS.  I  TO  VII. 


PIG.   I.      SCAPULA — DORSAL   SURFACE. 


1.  Supra-spinous  Fossa. 

2.  Triangular  Surface  at  Vertebral 

Border. 
Spine. 

Its  Inferior  Surface. 
Its  External  Border. 
Acromion  Process. 

7.  Tip  of  Acromion. 

8.  Coracoid  Process. 


9.  Infra-spinous  Fossa. 

10.  Superior  Angle. 

11.  Glenoid  Cavity. 

12.  Neck. 

13.  External  or  Axillary  Border. 

14.  Internal  or  Vertebral  Border. 

15.  Superior  Border. 

16.  Superior  Angle. 

17.  Inferior  Angle. 


FIG.  II.      SCAPULA — VENTRAL   ASPECT. 


1.  Sub-scapular  Fossa. 

2.  Root  of  Coracoid  Process. 

3.  Tip  of  same. 

4.  Supra-scapular  Notch. 

5.  Superior  Border. 

6.  Axillary  Border. 

7.  Vertebral  Border. 


8.  Spine. 

9.  Acromion  Process. 

10.  Facet  for  Clavicle. 

11.  Glenoid  Cavity. 

12.  Neck. 

13.  Superior  Angle. 

14.  Inferior  Angle. 


FIG.   III.      SCAPULA — EXTERNAL  ASPECT. 


1.  Glenoid  Cavity. 

2.  Sub-scapular  Fossa. 

3.  Inferior  Angle. 

4.  Root  of  Coracoid  Process. 

5.  Insertion  of  Biceps. 

6.  Superior  Angle. 


7.  Supra-spinous  Fossa. 

8.  Neck. 

9.  Spine. 

10.  Infra-spinous  Fossa. 

11.  Acromion  Process. 


FIG.   IV.      MANUBRIUM.  FIG.    V.   GLADIOLUS. 

FIG.   VI.      ENSIFORM   APPENDIX. 


1.  Manubrium. 

2.  Interclavicular  Notch. 

3.  3.  Facets  for  Clavicles.        [iolus. 

4.  Joint  of   Manubriun  and   Gad- 


5,  5.  Facets  for  Costal  Cartilages. 

6,  6.  Free  Borders  of  the  Bone. 

7,  Joint  of  Gladiolus  and  Ensiform 

Cartilage. 


FIG.  VII.      CLAVICLE — INFERIOR   ASPECT. 


1.  Sternal  Extremity. 

2,  2.  Surfaces  for  Ligaments. 


3.  Acromial  Extremity. 


28 


OSTEOLOGY. 


PLATE  XX.     FIGS.  I  TO  XIX. 

EXTREMITIES  AND  ARTICULAR  SURFACES  OF  LONG  BONES. 
FIG.  I.      HEAD   OF   HUMERUS. 

1.  Articular  Surface. 

2.  Greater  Tuberosity. 

3.  Lesser  Tuberosity. 


4.  Bicipital  Groove. 

5.  Anatomical  Neck. 


FIG.    II.      FCETAL    HUMERUS. 

1.  Head.  2.  Lower  Extremity.  3.  Shaft. 

FIGS.  Ill,  IV.      UPPER   EXTREMITY   OF   ULNA — SIDE   AND   POSTERIOR  ASPECTS. 


1.  Olecranon  Process. 

2.  Coronoid  Process. 


3.  Greater  Sigmoid  Cavity. 

4.  Lesser  Sigmoid  Cavity. 


FIG.  V.      HUMERAL   FACET  OF  RADIUS. 

1.  Surface  for  Capitulum. 

FIG.  VI.      FCETAL   RADIUS. 

1.  Head.  2.  Carpal  Extremity. 

FIG.  VII.      LOWER  EXTREMITY   OF   HUMERUS. 


3.  Shaft. 


1,  2.  Trochlear  Surface. 

3.  Capitellum. 

4.  Internal  Condyle. 


5.  External  Condyle. 

6.  Coronoid  Fossa. 

7.  Olecranon  Fossa. 


FIG.  VIII.   CARPAL   EXTREMITY   OF   RADIUS. 


1.  Facet  for  Scaphoid. 

2.  Ridge  dividing  it  from — 

3.  Facet  for  Semilunar. 

4.  Facet  for  Ulna. 


6.  Styloid  Process. 

6.  Anterior  Surface. 

7.  Posterior  Surface. 


FIG.  IX.      UPPER   EXTREMITY   OF   FEMUR. 

1.  Facet  for  Acetabulum. 

2.  Edge  of  Cartilaginous   Covering 


of  Head. 
3.  Neck. 


1.  Head. 

2.  Trochanter  Major. 

3.  Trochanter  Minor. 


4.  Trochanter  Major. 

5.  Trochanter  Minor. 

6.  Inter-trochanteric  Line. 
11.  Shaft. 


FIG.    X.      FCBTAL   FEMUR. 

4.  Shaft. 

5.  Condyles. 


FIG.    XI.       UPPER    EXTREMITY  OF   TIBIA. 


1.  Spine. 

2,  3.  Facets  for  Condyles  of  Femur. 
4.  Tubercle  for  Ligamentum  Patellae 


5.  Outer  Tuberosity. 

6.  Inner  Tuberosity. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


29 


FIG.    XII.       UPPER   ASPECT   OP   SAME. 


1.  Ridge  for  Soleus. 


[133. 


2.  Tubercle  for  Ligamentum  Patel- 

3.  Spine. 


4,  5.  Surface    for    Crucial    Liga- 
ments. 
6,  7.  Semilunar  Cartilage. 


FIG.    XIII.      LOWER   EXTREMITY   OF   FEMUR. 


8.  Internal  Tuberosity. 
13,  14.  Bifurcated  Linea  Aspera. 
15.  Popliteal  Space. 
19.  External  Tuberosity. 


20.  Groove  for  origin  of  Popliteus. 

21.  Inner  Condyle. 

22.  Outer  Condyle. 


FIG.  XIV.       LOWER    EXTREMITY    OF   TIBIA. 


12.  Inner  Malleolus. 


13.  Surface  for  Astragalus. 


FIG.  XV.      INFERIOR  ASPECT  OF   SAME. 


1.  Anterior  Surface. 

2.  Posterior  Surface. 

3.  Astragalar  Surface. 

1.  Upper  Extremity. 

1.  Head. 
1.  Head. 


4.  Same    Surface  of  Inner  Malleo- 

5.  Inner  Malleolus.  [  lus. 

6.  Facet  for  Fibula. 


FIG.   XVI.      FOETAL  TIBIA. 

2.  Shaft. 


3.  Tarsal  Extremity. 


FIG.  XVII.      FCETAL  FIBULA. 

2.  Shaft.  3.  External  Malleolus. 

FIG.  XVIII.      UPPER   EXTREMITY   OF   FIBULA. 


FIG.   XIX.      LOWER   EXTREMITY   OF   FIBULA. 


6.  Outer  Surface  of  External   Mal- 
leolus. 


7.  Surface  for  Tibia. 

8.  Facet  for  Astragalus. 


SYNDESMOLOGY. 


PLATE    I. 

LIGAMENTS  OF  THE  HEAD  AND  CERVICAL  VERTEBRA. 


PIG.  I. 


I.    Sphenoid. 

1.  Alee  Magnse. 

2.  Pterygoid  Processes. 

3.  External  Plate. 

4.  Internal  Plate. 

5.  Hamular  Process, 
il.  Occipital. 

a.  Basilar  Portion. 

b.  Occipital  Portion. 

c.  Condyloid  Portion. 

6.  Condyle. 

7.  Anterior  Condyloid  Foramen, 
in.  Temporal. 

a.  Squamous  Portion. 
6.  Mastoid  Portion. 
c.  Petrous  Portion. 

8.  Zygomatic  Process. 

9.  Mastoid  Process. 

10.  Styloid  Process. 

11.  Foramen  Lacerum  Posterius. 


12.  Carotid  Canal, 
iv.  Parietal. 

v.  Malar. 

vi.  Superior  Maxillary. 

13.  Palate  Process. 

14.  Incisive  Foramen. 

15.  Alveolar  Process, 
vii.  Palate  Bone. 

16.  Horizontal  Portion. 

17.  Pterygo-palatine  Foramen, 
vin.  Vomer. 

18.  Middle  Turbinated  Bone. 
ix.  Lower  Maxillary. 

19.  Angle. 

20.  Condyloid  Process. 

21.  Coronoid  Process. 

22.  Sphenoidal  Fissure. 

a.  Capsular  Ligament  of  Temporo- 

maxillary  Articulation. 
@.  Lateral  Ligament. 


FIGS.  II  AND  III.     SAME. 
FIG.  II.    EXTERNAL  VIEW.      FIG.   III.    INTERNAL   VIEW. 


I.  Sphenoid. 

1.  Sphenoidal  Sinus. 

2.  Great  Wings. 

3.  Pterygoid  Processes, 
n.  Occipital  Bone. 

4.  Basilar  Portion. 

5.  Pars  Condyloideus. 
in.  Temporal. 

6.  Petrous  Portion. 

7.  Mastoid  Process. 

8.  Zygomatic  Process. 

9.  Styloid  Process. 

30 


10.  Meatus  Auditorius  Externus. 
iv.  Upper  Maxillary. 

11.  Alveolar  Process. 

12.  Palate  Process. 

13.  Inferior  Turbinated 
v.    Inferior  Maxillary. 

14.  Angle. 

15.  Coronoid  Process. 

16.  Condyloid  Process. 

a.  Internal  Lateral  Ligament. 
6.  External  Lateral  Ligament, 
c.  Stylo-maxillary  Ligament. 


SYNDESMOLOGY. 


31 


FIG.   IV. 


i.  Inferior  Maxillary. 

1.  Angle. 

2.  Coronoid  Process. 

3.  Condyloid  Process. 

4.  Articular  Surface  of  the  Condyle. 
ii.  Temporal. 


5.  Porus  Acousticus  Externus. 

6.  Zygomatic  Process. 

7.  Glenoid  Fossa. 

a.  Capsular  Ligament. 

b.  Inter-articular  Fibro-cartilage. 


FIGS.  V.  TO  XI.       ARTICULATIONS  OF  THE  SPINE  WITH  THE  OCCIPITAL  BONE. 


i.  Occipital. 

1.  Basilar  Portion. 

2.  Clivus  Blumenbachii. 

3.  Occipital  Portion. 

4.  Inner  Occipital  Crest. 

5.  Condyloid  Portion. 

6.  Anterior  Condyloid  Foramen. 

7.  Internal  Opening  of  same. 
ii.  Atlas. 

8.  Anterior  Arch. 

9.  Its  Tubercle. 

10.  Posterior  Arch. 

11.  Spinous  Tubercle. 

12.  Transverse  Processes. 

13.  Foramen  for  Vertebral  Artery. 

14.  Superior  Articular  Processes. 

15.  Inferior  Articular  Processes. 

16.  Tubercles   for   Transverse  Lig- 


iii.  Axis. 
17.  Body. 


[ament. 


18.  Odontoid  Process. 

19.  Inter-vertebral  Foramen. 

20.  Transverse  Process. 

21.  Arch. 

22.  Spinous  Process. 

iv.  Third  Cervical  Vertebra. 

23.  Body. 

24.  Transverse  Process. 

25.  Articular  Process. 

26.  Spinous  Process. 

a.  Capsular  Ligament.          [ment. 
6.  Anterior  Occipito-atloid  Liga- 

c.  Posterior  Occipito-atloid  Liga- 

ment. 

d.  Anterior  Common  Ligament. 

e.  Posterior  Surface  of  6. 

/.  Lateral  Check  Ligaments. 

g.  Lateral  Occipito-atloid  Ligament. 

h.  Occipito-axoid  Ligament 


i.  Transverse  Ligament  of  Atlas. 
(  a.  Transverse  Ligament. 
FIG.  vi.  <  /2.  Surface  articulating  with  Odontoid. 

(  f.  Anterior  Arch  of  Atlas,  Articular  Cartilage. 

k.  Anterior  Atlo-axoid.  I  m.  Ligamentum  Subflava. 

1.    Posterior  Atlo-axoid.  |  n.    Anterior  Common  Ligament. 


PLATE  II. 

LIGAMENTS  OF  VERTEBRAE  AND  RIBS. 

Fig.    I.  Lumbar  Vertebrae. 

"     II.  Dorsal  Vertebra? — Side  view. 

"    III.  Arches  of  Cervical  Vertebrae — Internal  Aspect. 

"    IV.  Arches  of  Dorsal  Vertebra — Inner  Aspect. 

"      V.  Dorsal  Vertebrae  and  one  Rib. 

"    VI.  Dorsal  vertebras  and  two  Ribs — Side  view. 


32 


SYNDESMOLOGY. 


1.  Body  of  Vertebrae. 

2.  Arch. 

3.  Transverse  Processes. 

4.  Articular  Processes. 

5.  Spinous  Process. 

6.  Facet  for  Rib  on  the  Body. 

7.  Facet  for  Rib  on  Transverse  Pro- 

8.  Inter-vertebral  Foramen.      [cess. 

9.  Ribs. 

a.  Anterior  Common  Ligament. 
6,  Posterior  Common. 


c.  Inter-vertebral  Substance. 

d.  Ligamentum  Subflava. 

e.  Inter-spinous. 
/.  Supra-spinous. 
g.  Inter-transverse. 

h.  Capsular.  [bral. 

i.    Stellate  or  Anterior  Costo-verte- 
k.  Posterior  Costo-transverse. 
I.   Anterior  Costo-transverse. 
m.  Capsular. 


FIGS.  VII  TO  IX.     STERNUM  AND  CLAVICLE. 

FIG.  VII.     ANTERIOR  VIEW.  PIG.   VIII.     POSTERIOR  VIEW. 

FIG.  IX.     STERNO-CLAVICULAR   JOINT. 


1.  Manubrium. 

2.  Gladiolus. 

3.  Xiphoid  Cartilage. 

4.  Sternal  end  of  Clavicle. 

5.  Costal  Cartilages. 

6.  Intercostal  Muscles. 

a.  Anterior  Costo-sternal  Ligament. 
6.  Same. 


c.  Intercostal  Ligaments. 

b.  Periosteum. 

e.  Costo-xiphoid  Ligaments. 

/.  Inter-clavicular. 

g.  Anterior  Sterno-clavicular. 

h.  Posterior  Sterno-clavicular. 

i.  Rhomboid. 

k.  Inter-articular  Fibro-cartilage. 


PLATE   III. 

LIGAMENTS   OF   UPPER   EXTREMITY. 


FIGS.  I   TO   III.     SHOULDER   JOINT. 

i.  Scapula. 

1.  Venter. 

2.  Dorsum. 

3.  Spine. 

4.  Acromion. 

5.  Coracoid. 

6.  Supra-scapular  Notch. 

7.  Head. 

ii.  Clavicle. 

8.  Acromial  Extremity. 


FIGS.  IV   TO   IX.     ELBOW   JOINT. 

9.  Body  or  Shaft, 
in:  Humerus. 
10.  Head. 

a.  Acromio-clavicular  Ligament. 

b.  Trapezoid. 

c.  Coraco-acromial. 

d.  Transverse. 

e.  Conoid. 
/.  Capsular. 

g.  Tendon  of  Biceps. 


i.  Humerus. 

1.  Inferior  Extremity. 

2.  Internal  Condyle. 

3.  External  Condyle. 

4.  Capitulum. 


FIGS.  IV   TO   IX. 

5.  Trochlea. 
n.  Ulna. 

6.  Olecranon. 

7.  Coronoid. 
in.  Radius. 


SYNDESMOLOGY. 


8.  Head. 

9.  Tubercle. 

a.  Capsular  Ligament. 
6.  Internal  Lateral. 


c.  External  Lateral. 

d.  Annular  Ligament. 

e.  Oblique. 


PLATE  IV. 

LIGAMENTS  OF  THE  HAND. 
PIGS.    I   TO    V.      CARPUS. 

Fig.      I.     Second  Row — Digital  Aspect. 
"      II.     Second  Row — Brachial  Aspect. 
First  Row — Digital  Aspect. 
Longitudinal  Section. 
Dorsal  Aspect  of  Carpus. 
Palmar  Aspect  of  same. 
Hand — Dorsal  Surface. 
Same — Palmar  Surface. 
Longitudinal  Section  of  a  Digit. 

g.  Internal  Lateral. 

h.  External  Lateral. 

i.    Ligament  from  Pisiform  to  Fifth 
Metacarpal. 

k.  Palmar  Ligament.  [ond. 

I.    Interosseous  Ligaments   of  Sco- 
rn. Carpo-metacarpal  Ligaments. 

n.  Anterior  Ligaments. 

o.  External  Lateral  of  Carpus. 

p.  Superficial    Palmar    of   Third 
Metacarpus. 

q.  Same  of  Second  Metacarpal. 

r.  Dorsal  of    Metacarpo-phalangeal 
Joint. 

5.  Dorsal  of  Metacarpals. 

t.    Synovial  Membrane.         [langes. 

u.  Synovial    Membranes     of    Pha- 

v,  z.  External  Lateral  Ligaments  of 
Digits. 

w,  y.  Internal  Lateral  of  Finger. 

x.  Metacarpal  Interosseous. 


"  III. 
"  IV. 
"  V. 

"    VI. 
"  VII. 
«  VIII. 
i.  Ulna. 

1.  Styloid  Process, 
ii.  Radius. 

2.  Styloid  Process, 
in.  Carpus. 

3.  Scaphoid. 

4.  Semi-lunar. 

5.  Cuneiform. 

6.  Pisiform. 

7.  Trapezium. 

8.  Trapezoid. 

9.  Os  Magnum. 

10.  Unciform  Process, 
iv.  Metacarpus. 

v.  Phalanges. 

a.  Membrana  Sacciformis. 

b.  Its  Palmar  Surface.  [Joint. 

c.  Synovial     Membrane    of   Wrist 

d.  Same — Palmar  Aspect. 

e.  Anterior  Ligament  of  Carpus. 
/.  Posterior. 


PLATE  V. 

LIGAMENTS  OF  PELVIS. 


Fig.  I.  Anterior  Aspect. 
"  II.  Posterior  Aspect. 
"  III.  External  Aspect. 


Fig.  IV.     Inner  Surface. 
"       V.    Coxo-femoral  Joint. 
"     VI.     Same — Sectional  View. 


34 


SYNDESMOLOGY. 


A.  Ilium. 

1.  Crest. 

2.  Anterior  Superior  Spine. 

3.  .Anterior  Inferior  Spine. 

4.  Posterior  Superior  Spine. 

5.  Posterior  Inferior  Spine. 

B.  Ischium. 

6.  Descending  Ramus. 

7.  Ascending  Ramus. 

8.  Tuberosity. 

9.  Spine. 

C.  Pubes. 

10.  Horizontal  Ramus. 

11.  Descending  Ramus. 

12.  Obturator  Foramen. 

13.  Acetabulum. 

D.  Sacrum. 

E.  Coccyx. 

F.  Last  Lumbar  Vertebra. 

14.  Transverse  Process. 

15.  Articular  Process. 

16.  Anterior  Sacral  Foramina. 

17.  Posterior  Sacral  Foramina. 

18.  Spinous  Process. 

G.  Femur. 


19.  Head. 

20.  Trochanter  Major. 

21.  Trochanter  Minor. 

a.  Inter-vertebral  Substance. 

b.  Anterior  Common 

c.  Supra-spinous  Common 

d.  Inter-spinous  Common 

e.  Anterior  Sacro-coccygeal 

/,  g.  Posterior  Sacro-coccygeal 

h.  Lumbo-iliac 

i.  Lumbo-sacral 

k.  Anterior  Sacro-iliac 

I,  m,  n,  o.  Posterior  Sacro-iliac 

p.  Oblique  Portion  of  same 

q.  Great  Sacro-sciatic 

r.  Lesser  Sacro-sciatic 

s.  Obturator  Membrane. 

t.  Symphysis  Pubis  Anterior  Lig. 

u.  Sub-pubic  Lig. 

v.  Inter-articular  Cartilage. 

w.  Cotyloid  Ligament. 

x.  Ligamentum  Teres. 

y.  Reflected  Synovial  Membrane. 

z.  Capsular  Ligament. 


PLATE  VI. 


Fig.  I. 
"  II. 
«  III. 
"  IV. 

"       V. 
"     VI. 

A.  Femur. 

1.  External  Condyle. 

2.  Internal  Condyle. 

3.  Articular  Surface. 

B.  Patella. 

C.  Tibia. 

4.  Tuberosities. 

D.  Fibula. 

5.  Head. 

a.  Tendon  of  Quadruceps  Extensor. 

b.  Ligamentum  Patellae. 

c.  Capsular  Ligament. 


Anterior  View  of  Knee  Joint. 
Inner  Aspect. 
External  Aspect. 
Laid  Open. 
Longitudinal  Section. 
Posterior  View. 

d,  Ligamentum  Mucosum. 

e.  External  Lateral  Ligament. 

/,  g.  Internal  Lateral  Ligament. 
h.  Ligamentum  PosticumWinslowii. 
i.  Anterior  Tibio-fibular  Ligament. 
k,  I.  Posterior  Tibio-fibular  Ligament. 
m.  Capsular  Ligament. 
n.  Posterior  or  Internal  Crucial  Lig. 
o.  Anterior  or  External  Crucial  Lig. 
p.  External  Semilunar  Cartilage. 
q.  Internal  Semilunar  Cartilage. 
r.  Transverse  Ligament. 


SYNDESMOLOGY. 


35 


8.  Coronary. 

t.  Bursa. 

u.  Tendon  of  Popliteus. 


v.  Tendon  of  Biceps  Femoris. 

w.  Tendon  of  Semi-membranosous 


PLATE  VII. 

LIGAMENTS   OF  FOOT 


Fig.         I. 
II. 

"         III. 
"         IV. 

V. 
i.  Tibia. 

1.  Anterior  Border. 

2.  Internal  Malleolus. 
n.  Fibula. 

3.  External  Malleolus. 
in.  Astragalus. 

4.  Head. 

iv.  Os  Calcis. 

5.  Tuberosity. 

6.  Anterior  Process. 

7.  Internal  Process. 
v.  Scaphoid. 

Tuberosity. 

vi.  Internal  Cuneiform, 
vn.  Middle  Cuneiform, 
xin.  External  Cuneiform, 
ix.  Cuboid. 
x.  Metatarsus, 
xi.  Phalanges, 
a.  Interosseous  Membrane. 
6.  Anterior    Inferior    Tibio-fibular 
Ligament. 

c.  Anterior  Annular  Ligament. 

d.  Posterior  Tibio-fibular. 

e.  External  Calcaneo-astragaloid. 


Dorsum  of  Foot. 

Plantar  Surface. 

Leg  and  Foot. 

Ligaments  of  Dorsum  of  Foot. 

Ligaments  of  Plantar  Surface. 

/.  Superior  Astragalo-scaphoid. 

g.  Superior  Calcaneo-cuboid. 

h.  Inferior  Calcaneo-scaphoid. 

1.  Short  Calcaneo-cuboid. 

k,  I.  Long  Calcaneo-cuboid. 
m.  Dorsal   Ligaments  between  Cu- 
boid and  Scaphoid. 
n.  Scaphoid  and  Third  Cuneiform. 
o.  Scaphoid  and  Middle  Cuneiform 
p.  Scaphoid  and  First  Cuneiform. 
q,  r,  s.  Cuboid  and  three  Cuneiform. 
t.  Tarso-metatarsal,  Dorsal.  Fifth. 
u.  Tarso-metatarsal,  Dorsal.  Fourth. 
v.  Tarso-metatarsal,  Dorsal.    Third. 
w,  x,  y.  Tarso-metatarsal,  Dorsal. 

2.  Dorsal,  Metatarsal.  [Second. 
a.  Inferior  Calcaneo-scaphoid. 

/9.  Plantar  Ligament  between   Sca- 
phoid and  First  Cuneiform. 
?.  Cuboid  and  Third  Cuneiform. 
#.  Second  and  Third  Metatarsals. 
e.  Plantar  Metatarsal. 
£.  Second  Plantar  Metatarsal. 
TJ.  Fifth  Plantar  Metatarsal. 
#.  First  Plantar  Metatarsal. 


MYOLOGY. 


MYOLOGY. 


PLATE  I. 

MUSCLES   OF    UPPER   EXTREMITY. 
PIG.  I.    MUSCULAR  FIBRE.      FIG.  II.    TENDINOUS   FIBRE. 


A.  Clavicle. 

B.  Scapula. 

C.  Humerus. 

D.  Ulna. 

E.  Radius. 

F.  Scaphoid. 

G.  Semilunar. 
H.  Cuneiform. 
I.  Pisiform. 
K.  Trapezium. 
L.  Trapezoid. 
M.  Os  Magnum. 
N.  Unciform. 

0.  Metacarpus. 

P.  First  Phalanges. 

Q.  Second  Phalanges. 

R.  Ungual  Phalanges. 

T.  Palmar  Fascia. 

U.  Annular  Ligament. 

V.  Vaginal  Ligaments. 

a.  Acromial  end  of  Clavicle. 

6.  Venter  of  Scapula. 

c.  Cervix  Scapulae. 

d.  Coracoid  Process. 

e.  Acromion. 

/.  Head  of  Humerus. 
g.  External  Condyle. 
h.  Internal  Condyle. 

1.  Head  ^ 
k.  Capitulum 

I.  Tubercle 

m.  Inferior  Extremity 
n.  Styloid  Process 
o.  Upper  Extremity  ) 
p.  Coronoid  Process  > 
q.  Lower  Extremity  ) 
36 


>of  Radius. 


of  Ulna. 


1.  Coraco-brachialis. 

2.  Biceps. 

a.  Short  Head. 
/?.  Long  Head. 
.  Bicipital  Fascia. 
3.  Tendon  of  insertion. 

3.  Brachialis  Anticus. 

4.  Triceps. 

a.  Long  Head. 
ft.  External  Head. 
f.  Internal  Head. 

5.  Anconeus  Parvus. 

6.  Supinator  Longus. 

7.  Supinator  Brevis. 

8.  Pronator  Radii  Teres. 

9.  Pronator  Quadratus. 

10.  Flexor  Carpi  Ulnaris. 

11.  Extensor  Carpi  Ulnaris. 

12.  Flexor  Carpi  Radialis.         [  ior. 

13.  Extensor  Carpi  Radialis  Long- 

14.  Extensor  Carpi  Radialis  Brevior. 

15.  Palmaris  Longus. 

15.  Palmar  Fascia. 

16.  Palmaris  Brevis. 

17.  Flexor  Sublimis  Digitorum. 

17.  Its  four  Tendons  to  the  Fingers. 

18.  Flexor  Profundus  Digitorum. 

18.  Its  four  Tendons. 

19.  Lumbricales. 

20.  Extensor  Communis  Digitorum. 

21.  22.  Interossei. 

23.  Extensor  Longus  Pollicis. 

24.  Extensor  Brevis  Pollicis. 

25.  Flexor  Longus  Pollicis. 

26.  Flexor  Brevis  Pollicis.       [  licis. 

27.  Extensor  Ossis  Metacarpi  Pol- 


MYOLOGY. 


37 


28.  Abductor  Pollicis. 

29.  Adductor  Pollicis. 

30.  Opponens  Pollicis. 

31.  Extensor  Indicis. 

32.  Abductor  Indicis. 


33.  Flexor  Brevis  Minimi  Digiti. 

34.  Abductor  Minimi  Digiti. 

35.  Adductor  Minimi  Digiti. 

36.  Deltoid. 


PLATE   II. 

(LETTERS   SAME   AS   PLATE   I.) 


1.  Coraco-brachialis. 

2.  Triceps. 

3.  Anconeus. 

4.  Supinator  Longus. 

5.  Supinator  Brevis. 

6.  Pronator  Radii  Teres. 

7.  Pronator  Quadratus. 

8.  Flexor  Carpi  Ulnaris. 

9.  Extensor  Carpi  Ulnaris.       [  oir. 

10.  Extensor  Carpi  Radialis  Long- 

11.  Extensor  Carpi  Radialis  Brevior. 

12.  Extensor  Communis  Digitorum. 

13.  Extensor  Minimi  Digiti. 


14,  15.  Interossei. 

16.  Extensor  Primi  Internodii  Pol- 

licis. 

17.  Extensor    Secundi    Internodii 

Pollicis. 

18.  Extensor  Ossis  Metacarpi   Pol- 


19.  Extensor  Indicis. 

20.  Abductor  Indicis. 

21.  Subanconeus. 

22.  Supra-spinatus. 

23.  Infra-spinatus. 

24.  Teres  Minor. 

25.  Teres  Major. 


[  licis. 


PLATE  III. 

MUSCLES  OF  THE   LOWER   EXTREMITY. 


A.  Last  Dorsal  Vertebra. 

B.  Lumbar  Vertebrae. 

C.  Sacrum. 

D.  Ilium. 

E.  Pubes. 

F.  Ischium. 

G.  Femur. 
H.  Tibia. 
/.  Fibula. 
K.  Patella. 

a.  Crest  of  Ilium. 

6.  Anterior  Superior  Spine. 

c.  Horizontal  Ramus  of  Pubes. 

d.  Descending  Ramus  of  same. 

e.  Ascending  Ramus  of  Ischium. 
/.  Descending  Ramus  of  same. 
g.  Tuberosity  of  same. 

h.  Head  of  Femur. 
i.  Trochanter  Major, 
fc.  Trochanter  Minor. 


I.  External  Condyle. 
m.  Inner  Condyle. 

n.  Tuberosity  of  Tibia, 
o.  Head  of  Fibula. 
p.  Semilunar  Cartilages. 
q.  Ligamentum  Patellae. 

1.  Psoas  Magnus. 

2.  Psoas  Parvus. 

3.  Iliacus  Internus. 

4.  Tensor  Vaginae  Femoris. 

5.  Sartorius. 

6.  Rectus. 

7.  Vastus  Internus. 

8.  Vastus  Externus. 
-9.  Crureus. 

10.  Pectineus. 

II.  Adductor  Longus. 

12.  Adductor  Brevis. 

13.  Adductor  Magnus. 

14.  Gracilis. 


38 


MYOLOGY. 


15.  Semimembranosus. 

16.  Semitendinosus. 

17.  Biceps. 

18.  Gluteus  Medius. 

19.  Gluteus  Minimus. 


20.  Obturator  Externus. 

21.  Pyriformis. 

22.  Quadratus  Femoris. 

23.  Subcrureus. 


PLATE  IV. 


LETTERS  SAME  AS  IN  PLATE  III,  EXCEPTING 


A,  B.  Coccygeal  Vertebra. 

n.  Posterior  Inter-trochanteric  Line. 

5.  Gluteus  Magnus. 

6.  Gluteus  Medius. 

7.  Gluteus  Minimus. 

8.  Pyriformis. 

9.  Gemelli. 

10.  Obturator  Internus. 

11.  Obturator  Externus. 

12.  Quadratus  Femoris. 

13.  Adductor  Longus. 

14.  Adductor  Brevis. 


15.  Adductor  Magnus. 

16.  Pectineus. 

17.  Gracilis. 

18.  Sartorius. 

19.  Rectus. 

20.  Vastus  Externus. 

21.  Vastus  Internus. 

22.  Crureus. 

23.  Biceps. 

24.  Semitendinosus. 

25.  Semimembranosus. 


PLATE  V. 

MUSCLES   OF  LOWER  EXTREMITY. 


A.  Femur. 

B.  Tibia. 

C.  Fibula. 

D.  Os  Calcis. 

E.  Astragalus. 

F.  Scaphoid. 

G.  First  Cuneiform. 
H.  Second  Cuneiforn. 
J.  Third  Cuneiform. 
K.  Cuboid. 

L.  Metatarsus. 

M.  First  Phalanges. 

N.  Second  Phalanges. 

0.  Third  Phalanges. 
P.  Sessamoid  Bones. 

a.  Upper  Extremity  of  Tibia. 

b.  Lower  Extremity  of  same. 

c.  Internal  Malleolus. 

d.  External  Malleolus. 

e.  Head  of  Fibula. 

1.  Popliteus. 


2.  Tibialis  Anticus. 

3.  Tibialis  Posticus. 

4.  Peroneus  Longus. 

5.  Peroneus  Brevis. 

6.  Peroneus  Tertius. 

7.  Gastrocnemius. 

8.  Soleus. 

9.  Plantaris. 

10.  Flexor  Longus  Digitqrum. 

11.  Flexor  Accessorius. 

12.  Flexor  Brevis  Digitorum. 

13.  Lumbricales. 

14.  Extensor  Longus  Digitorum. 

15.  Extensor  Brevis  Digitorum. 

16.  17.  Interossei. 

18.  Extensor  Longus  Pollicis. 

19.  Extensor  Brevis  Pollicis. 

20.  Flexor  Longus  Pollicis. 

21.  Flexor  Brevis  Pollicis. 

22.  Abductor  Pollicis. 

23.  Adductor  Pollicis. 


MYOLOGY. 


39 


24.  Transversus  Pedis. 

25.  Flexor  Brevis  Minimi  Digiti. 


26.  Abductor  Minimi  Digiti. 


PLATE  VI. 

MUSCLES  OF  THE  HEAD,  NECK,  AND  TRUNK. 


of  the  Clavicle. 


A.  Processus  Mastoideus. 

B.  Inferior  Maxillary. 

C.  Sternum. 

D.  Clavicle. 

E.  Scapula. 

F.  Humerus. 

G.  Ribs. 
H.  Pelvis. 
/.  Femur. 

a.  Manubrium. 

b.  Gladiolus. 

c.  Ensiform  Appendage. 

d.  Sternal  End 

e.  Acromial  End 

/.  Coracoid  Process. 

g.  Ilium. 

h.  Pubes. 

i.  Ischium. 

k.  Symphysis  Pubis. 

I.  Spermatic  Cord  and  Testicle. 
1,  2,  6.  Occipto-frontalis.         * 

3.  Temporal. 

4.  Attolens  Aurem. 

5.  Attrahens  Aurem. 

7.  Orbicularis  Palpebrarum. 

8.  Compressor  Naris. 

*  9.  Orbicularis  Oris.  [  Nasi. 

10.  Levator  Labii  Superioris  Alaeque 

II.  Levator  Labii  Superioris. 

12.  Levator  Anguli  Oris. 

13.  Zygomaticus  Minor. 

14.  Zygomaticus  Major. 

15.  Buccinator. 


16.  Masseter. 

17.  Risorius. 

18.  Depressor  Anguli  Oris. 

19.  Depressor  Labii  Inferioris. 

20.  Levator  Menti. 

21.  Platysma  Myoides. 

22.  Sterno-cleido-mastoid. 

23.  Trapezius. 

24.  Deltoid. 

25.  Subclavius. 

26.  Pectoralis  Major. 

27.  Pectoralis  Minor. 

28.  Serratus  Magnus. 

29.  Latissimus  Dorsi. 

30.  External  Oblique  of  Abdomen. 

31.  Rectus  Abdominis. 

32.  Pyramidalis. 

33.  Internal  Oblique. 

34.  Transversalis. 

35.  Triangularis  Sterni. 

36.  Subscapularis. 

37.  Teres  Major. 

38.  Coraco-brachialis. 

39.  Biceps. 

40.  Sartorius. 

41.  Pectineus. 

42.  Adductor  Longus. 

43.  Gracilis. 

44.  Psoas  Magnus. 

45.  Iliacus. 

46.  Tensor  Vaginae  Femoris. 

47.  Gluteus  Medius. 

48.  Rectus  Femoris. 


A.  Occipital  Bone. 

B.  Cervical  Vertebrae 
(7.  Dorsal  Vertebra}. 
D.  Lumbar  Vertebrae. 


PLATE  VII. 

E  to  I  and  small  letters   same   as 

Plate  VI. 

1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7.  Same  as  Plate  VI. 
8.  Masseter  Muscle. 


40 


MYOLOGY. 


9.  Platysma  Myoides. 

10.  Depressor  Labii  Inferioris. 

11.  Internal  Pterygoid. 

12.  Sterno-cleido-mastoid. 

13.  Biventer  Cervicis. 

14.  Splenius  Capitis. 

15.  Splenius  Colli. 

16.  Levator  Anguli  Scapulse. 

17.  Scalenus  Medius. 

18.  Trapezius. 

19.  Deltoid. 

20.  Infra-spinatus. 

21.  Teres  Minor. 

22.  Teres  Major. 

23.  Latissimus  Dorsi. 

24.  Serratus  Magnus. 

25.  Pectoralis  Major. 

26.  Pectoralis  Minor. 

27.  External  Oblique. 


28.  Rectus  Abdominis. 

29.  Pyramidalis. 

30.  Gluteus  Magnus. 

31.  Gluteus  Medius. 

32.  Tensor  Vaginas  Femoris. 

33.  Vastus  Externus. 

34.  Rectus  Femoris. 

35.  Sartorius. 

36.  Pectineus. 

37.  Complexus. 

38.  Trachelo-mastoid. 

39.  Transversalis  Colli. 

40.  Inter-transversalis. 

41.  Inter-spinales. 

42.  External  Inter-costals. 

43.  Internal  Inter-costals. 

44.  Multifidus  Spinse. 

45.  Internal  Abdominal  Oblique. 

46.  Transversalis  Abdominis. 


PLATE  VIII. 


k.  Sacrum. 
I.  Coccyx. 

Other  letters  same  as  Plate  VII. 
1,  2.  Occipito-frontalis. 

3.  Temporal. 

4.  Masseter. 

5.  Internal  Pterygoid. 

6.  Splenius  Capitis. 

7.  Biventer  Cervicis. 

8.  Trapezius. 

9.  Levator  Anguli  Scapulae. 

10.  Splenius  Colli. 

11.  Rhomboideus  Minor. 

12.  Rhomboideus  Major. 

13.  Serratus  Posticus  Superior. 

14.  Serratus  Posticus  Inferior. 

15.  Latissimus  Dorsi. 

16.  Spinalis  Dorsi. 

17.  Longissimus  Dorsi. 


18.  Sacro-lumbalis. 

19.  External  Inter-costals. 

20.  Serratus  Magnus. 

21.  Internal  Abdominal  Oblique. 

22.  External  Oblique. 

23.  Transversalis. 

24.  Supra-spinatus. 

25.  Infra-spinatus. 

26.  Teres  Minor. 

27.  Teres  Major. 

28.  Triceps. 

29.  Deltoid. 

30.  Gluteus  Maximus. 

31.  Gluteus  Medius. 

32.  Vastus  Externus. 

33.  Biceps  Femoris. 

34.  Semitendinosus. 

35.  Adductor  Magnus. 

36.  Gracilis. 


PLATE   IX. 


F.  Clavicle. 

Other  letters  same  as  former  plates. 


1.  Biventer  Cervicis. 

2.  Inter-spinales  Cervicis. 


MYOLOGY. 


41 


3.  Complexus. 

4.  Trachelo-mastoid. 

5.  Obliquus  Superior. 

6.  Obliquus  Inferior. 

7.  Rectus  Capitis  Posticus  Major. 

8.  Rectus  Capitis  Posticus  Minor. 

9.  Scalenus  Medius. 

10.  Scalenus  Posticus. 

11.  Multifidus  Spinse. 

12.  Spinalis  Cervicis. 

13.  Spinalis  Dorsi. 

14.  Cervicalis  Ascendens. 


15.  Longissimus  Dorsi. 

16.  Sacro-lumbalis. 

17.  18.  Levatores  Costarum. 

19.  Inter-costales  Extern!. 

20.  Transversalis  Abdominis. 

21.  Quadratus  Lumborum. 

22.  Inter-transversales. 

23.  Transversalis  Cervicis. 

24.  Splenius  Colli. 

25.  Semi-spinalis  Dorsi. 

26.  Coccygeus. 

27.  Rotatores  Spinae. 


PLATE   X. 


Letters  same  as  Plate  VIII. 

1.  Longus  Colli. 

2.  Scalenus  Medius. 

3.  Rectus  Capitis  Anticus  Major. 

4.  Rectus  Capitis  Anticus  Minor. 

5.  Inter-transversales  Cervicis. 

6.  Scalenus  Anticus. 

7.  Diaphragm 


8.  Psoas  Magnus. 

9.  Quadratus  Lumborum. 

10.  Iliacus. 

11.  Coccygeus. 

12.  Supra-spinatus. 

13.  Teres  Major. 

14.  Teres  Minor. 

15.  Subscapularis. 


PLATE  XL 

MUSCLES  OF  THE  PALATE  AND  PHARYNX. 

FIG.  I.      POSTERIOR  VIEW  OF  PHARYNX. 

FIG.   II.       SAME POSTERIOR  WALL  OF  PHARYNX  LAID  OPEN. 

FIG.  III.       INSERTION  OF  PHARYNGEAL  MUSCLES. 


1.  Sphenoid. 

2.  Clivus  Blumerbachii. 

3.  Posterior  surface  of  Sphenoid. 

4.  Lesser  Wings. 

5.  Petrous  portion  of  Temporal. 

6.  Mastoid  Process. 

7.  Styloid  Process. 

8.  Pterygoid  Process. 

9.  Lower  Jaw. 
Posterior  Nares. 
Middle  Turbinal  Bone. 
Inferior  Turbinal  Bone. 

13.  Vomer. 

14.  Tongue. 

15.  Hyoid  Bone. 

16.  17.  Thyroid  Cartilage. 


10 
11. 

12. 


18.  Cricoid  Cartilage. 

19.  Rings  of  Trachea. 

20.  Epiglottis. 

21.  Arytaanoid  Cartilage. 

22.  Levator  Palati. 

23.  Tensor  Palati.  [stricter. 

24.  Superior    Pharyngeal    Con- 

25.  Stylo-pharyngeus. 

26.  Horizontal    portion    of 

27.  Azygos  Uvulae. 

28.  Palato-glossus. 

29.  Palato-pharyngeus. 

30.  Pterygoideus  Internus. 

31.  (Esophagus. 

32.  Middle  Pharyngeal  Constrictor. 

33.  Inferior  Constrictor. 


Tensor 
[Palati. 


42 


MYOLOGY. 


Figs.  IV,  V  and  VI  are  outlines  of  Figs  I,  II  and  III. 

refer  to  these  outline  figures. 


The   letters 


PLATE   XII. 

PIG.  I.       HYOID  AND  GLOSSAL  MUSCLES. 


1.  Upper  Lip. 

2.  Alveolar  Process. 

3.  Teeth. 

4.  Gums. 

5.  Tongue. 

6.  Inferior  Maxilla. 

7.  Os  Hyoides. 

8.  Thyroid  Cartilage. 

9.  Thyroid  Gland. 

10.  Genio-glossus  Muscle. 

11.  Hyo-glossus. 

12.  Stylo-glossus. 

13.  Stylo-hyoid. 

14.  Digastric. 

15.  Mylo-hyoid. 

16.  Genio-hyoid. 


17.  Thyro-hyoid. 

18.  Sterno-thyroid. 

19.  Sterno-hyoid. 

20.  Omo-hyoid. 
21._Sterno  Cleido  Mastoid. 

22.  Right  Common  Carotid  Artery. 

23.  Superior  Laryngeal  Nerve. 

24.  Hypo-glossal  Nerve. 

25.  Lingual   Branch    of  the    Fifth 

Nerve. 

Labial  Glands. 
Sublingual  Glands. 
Submaxillary  Gland. 
Wharton's  Duct. 
Parotid  Gland. 
Lymphatic  Glands. 


FIGS.  II  TO  VIII.       MUSCLES  OF  MASTICATION. 


1.  Temporal  Muscle. 

2.  Masseter — Outer  Portion. 

3.  Masseter — Inner  Portion. 


4.  External  Pterygoid. 

5.  Internal  Pterygoid. 


FIGS.  IX  TO  XII.      MUSCLES  OF  FAUCES. 


1.  Eustachian  Tube. 

2.  Vomer. 

3.  Posterior  Nares. 

4.  Inferior  Turbinal  Bone. 

5.  Velum  Pendulum  Palati. 

6.  Uvula. 

7;  Thyroid  Cartilage. 
8.  Epiglottis. 


9.  Azygos  Uvulse. 

10.  Palato-pharyngeus. 

11.  Tonsils. 

12.  Stylo-pharyngeus. 

13.  Middle  Constrictor  of  Pharynx. 

14.  (Esophagus. 

15.  Upper  Constrictor  of  Pharynx. 


FIGS.  IX  AND  X.      SAME  MUSCLES. 


1.  Palate  Process  of  Upper  Maxilla. 

2.  Palate  Bone. 

3.  Pterygoid  Process. 

4.  Hamular  Process. 

5.  Velum  Palati. 

6.  Uvula. 


7.  Constrictor  Isthmi  Faucium. 

8.  Palato-pharyngeus. 

9.  Tensor  Palati. 

10.  Levator  Palati. 

11.  Tonsils. 

12.  Tongue. 


MYOLOGY. 


43 


PLATES   XIII   AND   XIV. 

FIGS.  I,  II  AND  III.      MUSCLES  OF  TONGUE  AND  PHARYNX. 


1,  2.  Zygoma  and  Malar  Bone. 

3.  Glenoid  Tubercle. 

4.  Meatus  Auditorius  Externus. 

5.  Styloid  Process. 

6.  External  Pterygoid  Plate. 

7.  Lachrymal  Bone. 

8.  Fossa  Lachrymalis. 

9.  Upper  Maxillary. 

10.  Nasal  Process. 

11.  Nasal  Bone. 

12.  Nasal  Cartilages. 

13.  Inferior  Maxillary. 

14.  Os  Hyoides. 

15.  Cornua  Minor. 

16.  Greater  Cornua. 

17.  Thyroid  Cartilage. 

18.  Upper  Cornua. 

19.  Lower  Cornua. 


20.  Cricoid  Cartilage. 

21.  Cartilaginous  Rings  of  Trachea. 

a.  Orbicularis  Oris. 

b.  Buccinator. 

c.  Superior  Constrictor  of  Pharynx. 

d.  Middle  Constrictor. 

e.  Inferior  Constrictor. 
/.  Mylo-hyoid. 

g.  Genio-hyoid. 

h.  Genio-hyo-glossus. 

i.  Hyo-glossus — Hyoid  Portion. 

k.  Hyo-glossus — Posterior  Portion. 

I.  Stylo-glossus. 

m.  Stylo-hyoid  Ligament. 

n.  Stylo-hyoid  Muscle. 

o.  Slit  for  Digastric. 

p.  Stylo-pharyngeus. 


FIG.  IV.      LONGITUDINAL  SECTION  OF  NECK  AND  HEAD. 


1.  Frontal  Bone. 

2.  Frontal  Sinus. 

3.  Sphenoid  Bone. 

4.  Sphenoidal  Sinus. 

5.  Sella  Turcica. 

6.  Clivus  Blumenbachii. 

7.  Basilar  Groove. 

8.  Petrous  Portion  of  Temporal. 

9.  Nasal  Crest. 

10.  Incisive  Canal. 

11.  Palate  Process  of  Upper  Maxilla. 

12.  Inferior  Maxillary. 

13.  Anterior  Arch  of  Atlas. 

14.  Odontoid  Process. 

15.  Cervical  Vertebrae. 

16.  Spinous  Processes. 

17.  Posterior  Arch  of  Atlas. 

18.  Os  Hyoides. 


19.  Epiglottis. 

20.  Ventricle. 

21.  Septum  of  Nose. 

22.  Eustachian  Tube. 

23.  Velum     Pendulum     Palati     et 

Uvulae. 

24.  Tongue. 
a.     Lips. 

6.     Cheek. 

c.  Palato-glossus. 

d.  Tensor  Palati. 

e.  Levator  Palati.  [or. 
/.      Superior  Pharyngeal  Constrict- 
g.     Palato-pharyngeus. 

h,     Stylo-pharyngeus. 

i.      Middle  Pharyngeal  Constrictor. 

k.     Genio-glossus. 

I.      Genio-hyoid. 


PLATE  XIII. 

FIG.     V.       EPITHELIAL  CELLS  (PAVEMENT). 
FIG.  VI.       PORTION  OF  A  RACEMOSE  GLAND. 


44 


MYOLOGY. 


1.  Body. 


PLATE  XIV. 

PIGS.  V-VIII.      HYOID   BONE. 

2.  Lesser  Cornu. 
PLATE   XV. 

MUSCLES  OF  THE  PERINEUM. 


3.  Greater  Cornu. 


PIG.  I.      MALE  PERINEUM. 

1.  Coccyx. 

2.  Tuberosity  of  Ischium. 

3.  Pubes. 

4.  Gluteus  Magnus. 

5.  Suspensory  Ligament  of  Clitoris. 

6.  Clitoris. 

7.  Labia  Minora. 

8.  Perineum. 

9.  Anus. 

10.  Corpus  Cavernosum  of  Clitoris. 

11.  Corpus  Cavernosum  of  Penis. 


PIG.  II.      FEMALE  PERINEUM. 

12.  Urethra. 

13.  Coccygeus  Muscle. 

14.  Obturator  Internus. 

15.  Levator  Ani. 

16.  External  Sphincter. 

17.  Internal  Sphincter. 

18.  Sphincter  Vaginae. 

19.  Erector  Penis. 

20.  21.  Transversus  Perinei. 
22.  Bulb  of  Urethra. 


FIGS.  Ill  TO  XI.      SEPARATE  MUSCLES  OF  THE  PERINEUM. 


FIG.  V. 

23.  Muscles  of  Bladder. 


FIGS.  X  AND  XI. 

17.  Levator  Ani. 


PLATES  XVI  AND  XVII. 

FIG.  I.      HYOID    AND   LARYNGEAL   MUSCLES. 


1.  Chin. 

2.  Angle  of  Lower  Jaw. 

3.  Mastoid  Process. 

4.  Body  of  Hyoid  Bone. 

5.  Its  Greater  Cornua. 

6.  Lesser  Cornua. 

7.  Thyro-hyoid  Ligament. 

8.  Thyroid  Cartilage. 

9.  Cricoid  Cartilage. 

10.  Thyroid  Gland. 

11.  Trachea. 
Clavicle. 
Sternum. 
Ribs. 

Coracoid  Process. 
Acromion. 

17.  Glenoid  Cavity. 

18.  Sub-scapular  Fossa. 

19.  Transverse  Ligament  of  Scapula. 


12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 


20.  Coraco-acromial  Ligament. 

21.  Anterior  Sterno-clavicular  Lig- 

ament. 

22.  Rhomboid  Ligament. 

23.  Omo-hyoid  Muscle. 

24.  Scalenus  Anticus. 

25.  Scalenus  Medius. 

26.  Scalenus  Posticus. 

27.  Sterno-thyroid. 

28.  Sterno-hyoid. 

29.  Thyro-hyoid. 

30.  Levator  Anguli  Scapulae. 

31.  Rectus  Capitis  Anticus  Major. 

32.  Splenius  Capitis. 

33.  Digastricus. 

34.  Stylo-hyoid. 

35.  Mylo-hyoid. 

36.  Hyo-glossus. 

37.  Genio-hyoid. 


MYOLOGY. 


45 


FIGS.  II  TO  XII.      MUSCLES   OP   LARYNX. 


1.  Body  of  Hyoid  Bone. 

2.  Greater  Cornua. 

3.  Lesser  Cornua. 

4.  Thyroid  Cartilage. 

5.  Upper  Cornua. 

6.  Lower  Cornua. 

7.  Cricoid  Cartilage.     Front  View. 

8.  Cricoid  Cartilage.     Back  View. 

9.  Arytenoid  Cartilages. 
10.  Cornicula  Laryngis. 


11.  Epiglottis. 

12.  Thyro-hyoid  Muscle. 

13.  Crico-thyroid. 

14.  Crico-arytsenoideus    Posticus. 

15.  Crico-aryteenoideus  Lateralis. 

16.  Thyro-arytsenoideus  Inferior. 

17.  Thyro-arytaenoideus  Superior. 

18.  Thyro-epiglottideus. 

19.  Arytseno-epiglottideus. 

20.  Arytsenoideus. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


PLATES   I   AND   II. 

THE  HEART  ENCLOSED  IN  THE  PERICARDIUM.     NORMAL  POSITION. 
FIG.  I.     ANTERIOR  ASPECT.         FIG.  II.     POSTERIOR    ASPECT. 


1.  Diaphragm. 

2.  (Esophageal  Opening. 

3.  (Esophagus. 

4.  Opening  for  Vena  Cava. 

5.  Inferior  Vena  Cava. 

6.  Pericardium. 

7.  Pulmonary  Veins. 

8.  Pulmonary  Artery. 


9.  Arch  of  Aorta. 

10.  Innominate  Artery. 

11.  Left  Common  Carotid. 

12.  Left  Subclavian. 

13.  Superior  Vena  Cava. 

14.  Right  Innominate  Vein. 

15.  Left  Innominate  Vein. 


FIG.  III.      SECTION   OF  ABDOMINAL  AORTA,    SHOWING   ITS   COATS. 

1.  External  or  Areolar  Elastic  Coat.  2.  Middle  or  Muscular  Coat. 

3.  Internal  or  Epithelial  Coat. 

FIG.  IV.      SECTION   OF  A   VEIN. 

3.  Valves. 


1.  Part  not  opened. 

2.  Opened  Portion. 


4.  Openings  of  Branches. 


FIG.  V.      VALVES    OF  THE  VEINS,  SHOWING  THEM  TO  BE  REFLECTIONS  OF 
THE  INTERNAL  COAT   OF  THE  VEINS. 

FIG.  VI.      BLOOD   CORPUSCLES. 


1.  Fresh  Blood  Corpuscles. 

2.  Side  view  of  same.  [  Blood. 

3.  Position  of  Corpuscles   in   the 


4,  6.  Corpuscles  changed  by  expo- 
sure to  the  atmosphere. 


a.  Left  Ventricle. 
6.  Right  Ventricle. 

c.  Apex  of  Heart. 

d.  Right  Auricle. 

e.  Left  Auricle. 

46 


PLATES   III   AND    IV. 

THE    CAVITIES    OF   THE    HEART. 
FIG.  I.       POSTERIOR   ASPECT. 

1.  Arch  of  the  Aorta. 

2.  Innominate  Artery. 

3.  Left  Common  Carotid. 

4.  Left  Subclavian. 

5.  Pulmonary  Artery. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


47 


6.  Superior  Vena  Cava. 

7.  Inferior  Vena  Cava. 

8.  Pulmonary  Vein. 

9.  Right  Auricle. 

10.  Eustachian  Valve. 

11.  Upper  Cornu  of  same. 

12.  Fossa  Ovalis. 

13.  Tricuspid  Valve. 

14.  Musculi  Papillares. 

15.  Columnse  Carneae. 


16.  Opening  of  the  Pulmonary  Ar- 

teries. 

17.  Septum  Ventriculorum. 

18.  Septum  Auricularum. 

19.  Annulus  Ovalis. 

20.  Semilunar  Valve. 

21.  Cavity  of  Left  Auricle. 

22.  Appendix  Auriculae. 

23.  Openings  of  Pulmonary  Veins. 

24.  Mitral  Valve. 


FIG.  II.      ANTERIOR   ASPECT   OF    SAME. 


a.  Right  Ventricle. 
6.  Left  Ventricle, 
c.  Left  Auricle. 

1.  Arch  of  the  Aorta. 

2.  Innominate  Artery. 

3.  Left  Common  Carotid. 

4.  Left  Subclavian. 

5.  Arteria  Pulmonalis. 


6.  Left  branch  of  Pulmonary  Ar- 

tery. 

7.  Semilunar  Valves. 

8.  Corpora  Arantii. 

9.  Tricuspid  Valves. 

10.  Right  Auriculo-ventricular 

Opening. 

11.  Columnse  Carneae. 


FIG.  III.      LEFT   VENTRICLE    AND    AORTA. 


a.  Left  Ventricle. 
6.  Apex  of  Heart. 

c.  Right  Ventricle. 

d.  Appendix  Auriculae. 

1.  Arch  of  Aorta. 

2.  Innominate  Artery. 

3.  Left  Common  Carotid. 

4.  Left  Subclavian. 

5.  Superior  Vena  Cava. 

6.  Pulmonary  Artery. 


7.  Inferior  Vena  Cava. 

8.  Orifice  of  Right  CoronaryArtery. 

9.  Opening  of  Left  Coronary  Artery. 

10.  Semilunar  Valves. 

11.  Corpora  Arantii. 

12.  Sinuses  of  Valsalva. 

13.  Mitral  Valves. 

14.  Chordae  Tendinese. 

15.  Columnae  Carneae. 


PLATES  V  AND  VI. 

ARTERIES  OF  THE  HEAD,  NECK,  AND  UPPER  PART  OF  THE  THORAX. 


a.  Zygomaticus  Major. 
6.  Depressor  Anguli  Oris. 

c.  Buccinator. 

d.  Masseter. 
Steno's  Duct. 
Retrahens  Aurem. 
Pinna. 
Sterno-cleido-Mastoid. 

i.   Digastric. 

k.  Styloid  Process. 


I.    Stylo-glossus. 

m.  Sublingual  Glands. 

n.  Mylo-hyoid. 

o.  Hyo-glossus. 

p.  Omo-hyoid. 

q.   Sterno-hyoid. 

r.   Thyroid  Cartilage. 

s.    Thyro-hyoid. 

t.    Inferior  Pharyngeal  Constrictor. 

u.  Rectus  Capitis  Anticus  Major. 


48 


ANGIOLOGY. 


v.   Thyroid  Gland. 

w.  Trachea. 

x.    Sterno-thyroid. 

y.    Sterno-hyoid. 

z.    Scalenus  Anticus. 

a.   Scalenus  Medius. 

/?.   Scalenus  Posticus. 

f.  Levator  Anguli  Scapulae. 

d.  Splenius  Capitis. 

e.  Trapezius. 
£.  Deltoid. 

37.  Clavicle. 
$.  Pectoralis  Major. 
i.    Subclavius. 
x.  Ribs. 

L   Pectoralis  Minor. 
p.  Intercostales. 
o.  Rectus  Abdominalis. 
£.  Serratus  Anticus  Major, 
o.   Latissimus  Dorsi. 
TT.  Teres  Major. 
p.  Subscapularis. 
a.  Coraco-brachialis. 
v.  Biceps. 

o.  Long  Head  of  Triceps. 
0.  Lymphatic  Glands. 
1    Right  Common  Carotid  Artery. 

2.  Internal  Carotid  Artery. 

3.  External  Carotid  Artery. 

4.  Superior  Thyroid. 

5.  Superior  Laryngeal. 

6.  Branch  to  Sterno-hyoid. 

7.  Thyroid  Branch. 

8.  Lingual  Artery. 

9.  Hyoid  Branch. 

10.  Branch  to  Sterno-mastoid. 

11.  Facial. 

12.  Ascending  Palatine. 

13.  Tonsillar  Branch. 

14.  Submental. 

15.  Branch  to  Masseter. 

16.  Buccinator  Branch. 

17.  Superficial  Labial. 

18.  Inferior  Coronary. 

19.  Superior  Coronary. 

20.  Ascending  Pharyngeal  Branch. 


21.  Occipital. 

22.  Stylo-mastoid  Branch. 

23.  Posterior  Auricular. 

24.  Branches  to  Parotid  Gland. 

25.  Transverse  Facial. 

26.  Muscular  Branch. 
26.  Superficial  Temporal. 

28.  Internal  Maxillary. 

29.  Inferior  Maxillary  Branch. 

30.  Subclavian  Artery. 

31.  Internal  Mammary. 

32.  External  Branch. 

33.  Inferior  Thyroid. 

34.  Branch  to  Trachea. 

35.  Thyroid  Branch. 

36.  Inferior  Laryngeal. 

37.  Branch  to  Longus  Colli. 

38.  Supra-scapular. 

39.  Superficial  Cervical. 

40.  Cervicalis  Ascendens. 

41.  Vertebral. 

42.  Transversalis  Colli. 

43.  Branch  to  Trapezius  Muscle. 

44.  Axillary  Artery. 

45.  Branch  to  Serratus  Anticus. 

46.  Superior  Thoracic. 

47.  Branch  to  Pectoralis  Minor. 

48.  Branch  to  Pectoralis  Major. 

49.  Branch  to  Serratus  Anticus. 

50.  Acromial  Thoracic. 

51.  Clavicular  Branch. 

52.  Acromial  Branch. 

53.  Deltoid  Branch. 

54.  Branch  to  Pectoralis  Major. 

55.  Thoracica  Longa. 

56.  Branch  to  Pectoralis  Minor. 

57.  Branch  to  Serratus  Magnus. 

58.  Anastomosis  with  Subscapular. 

59.  Subscapular  Artery. 

60.  Subscapular  Branch. 

61.  Thoracic  Branch. 

62.  Branch  to  Axillary  Lymphatics. 

63.  Branch  to  Latissimus  Dorsi. 

64.  Branch  to  Serratus  Magnus. 

65.  Circumflex  Scapulae. 

66.  Branch  to  Teres  Major. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


49 


67.  Muscular  Branch. 

68.  Branch  to  Axillary  Lymphatics. 

69.  Branch  to  Latissimus  Dorsi. 

70.  Branch  to  Coraco-brachialis. 

71.  Anterior  Circumflex. 

72.  Posterior  Circumflex. 


73.  Brachial  Artery. 

74.  Branch  to  Coraco-brachialis. 

75.  Branch  to  Anconeus. 

76.  Cutaneous  Branch. 

77.  Branch  to  Biceps. 

78.  Profunda  Superior. 


PLATES    VII   AND   VIII. 

ARTERIES  OF  THE  FACE. 


a, 
d. 
e. 
/. 
g. 
h. 
i. 
k. 

I. 

m. 

n. 

o. 

p. 

q. 

r. 

s. 

t. 

u. 

v. 

w. 

x. 

y. 

z. 

a. 

f. 

d. 

e. 


6,  c.  Occipito-frontalis  Muscle. 
Attolens  Aurem. 
Orbicularis  Palpebrarum. 
Zygomaticus  Major. 
Zygomaticus  Minor. 
Levator  Anguli  Oris. 
Levator  Labii  Superioris. 
Levator  Labii  Superioris  Alaque 

Nasi. 

Compressor  Narium. 
Orbicularis  Oris. 
Quadratus  Menti. 
Depressor  Anguli  Oris. 
Buccinator. 

Inferior  Maxillary  Bone. 
Masseter. 
Parotid  Gland. 
Steno's  Duct. 
Temporal  Muscle. 
Sub-maxillary  Gland. 
Digastric  Muscle. 
Stylo-hyoid  Muscle. 
Thyroid  Cartilage. 
Trachea. 
Sterno-hyoid. 
Thyro-hyoid. 
Os  Hyoides. 
Omo-hyoid. 

Inferior  Pharyngeal  Constrictor. 
Thyroid  Gland. 
Sterno-cleido-mastoid. 
Scalenus  Anticus. 
Inferior  Cervical  Nerve. 
Scalenus  Medius. 
Scalenus  Posticus. 
Levator  Anguli  Scapula?. 


£.  Trapezius. 

0.  Splenius  Capitis. 

1.  Common  Carotid  Artery. 

2.  Internal  Carotid  Artery. 

3.  External  Carotid  Artery. 

4.  Superior  Thyroid. 

5.  Internal  Laryngeal. 

6.  Superficial  Laryngeal. 

7.  Muscular  Branches. 

8.  Thyroid  Branch. 

9.  Tracheal  Branches  of  Inferior 

Thyroid. 

10.  Branch  to  Sterno-cleido-mastoid. 

11.  Ascending  Pharyngeal. 

12.  Lingual  Artery. 

13.  Hyoid  Branch. 

14.  Facial. 

15.  Branch  to  Sub-maxillary  Gland. 

16.  Submental. 

17.  Masseteric  Branch. 

18.  Superficial  Labial. 

19.  Inferior  Coronary. 

20.  21,  22.  Muscular  Branches. 

23.  Inferior  Coronary. 

24.  Facial. 

25.  Superior  Coronary. 

26.  Lateralis  Nasi. 

27.  Branch  to  the  Septum  of  the 

Nose. 

28.  Dorsalis  Nasi. 

29.  External  Carotid. 

30.  Occipital. 

31.  Branch  to  Splenius  Capitis. 

32.  Cervical  Branches. 

33.  Superficial  Branches.          [tery. 

34.  Anastomoses  with  Temporal  Ar- 


50 


ANGIOLOGY. 


35.  Superior  Auricular  Branch  to 

Sterno-mastoid. 

36.  Transverse  Facial. 

37.  Muscular  Branches. 

38.  Temporal  Artery. 

39.  Anterior  Auricular. 

40.  Anterior  Temporal. 

41.  Middle  Temporal.  [tery. 

42.  Anastomoses  with  Frontal  Ar- 

43.  Posterior  Temporal. 


44.  Anastomoses  with  Occipital. 

45.  Dorsalis  Nasi,  from  Ophthalmic. 

46.  Infra-orbital. 

47.  Frontal. 

48.  Internal  Mammaiy. 

49.  Supra-scapular. 

50.  Superficial  Cervical. 

51.  Cervicalis  Ascendens. 

52.  Transversalis  Colli. 

53.  Subclavian  Artery. 


PLATES   IX  AND   X. 


DEEP  BRANCHES    OF   EXTERNAL   CAROTID. 


FIG  I. 


a.  Section  of  Cranial  Bones. 
6.  Dura  Mater. 

c.  Orbicularis  Palpebrarum. 

d.  Levator  Labii  Superioris  Ala3que 

Nasi. 

e.  Compressor  Narium. 
/.   Levator  Anguli  Oris. 

g.  Levator  Labii  Superioris. 

h.  Zygomaticus  Minor. 

i.   Zygomaticus  Major. 

k.  Quadratus  Menti. 

1.   Drepressor  Anguli  Oris. 

m.  Lower  Jaw. 

n.  Masseter. 

0.  Buccinator. 
p.  Steno's  Duct. 

q.  Inferior  Maxillary  Branch. 

r.   Styloid  Process. 

s.   Internal  Pterygoid 

t.   External  Pterygoid. 

u.  Temporal  Muscle. 

v.  Zygomatic  Process  of  Malar  Bone. 

w.  Zygomatic  Process  of  Temporal. 

1.  Internal  Carotid  Artery. 

2.  External  Carotid       " 

3.  Masseteric  Branch    " 

4.  Posterior  Auricular  " 

5.  Deep  Auricular          " 

6.  Parotid  Branch         " 


7.  Transverse  Facial. 

8.  Superficial  Temporal. 

9.  Anterior  Temporal. 

10.  Posterior  Temporal. 

11.  Internal  Maxillary. 

12.  Pterygoid  Branch. 

13.  Middle  Meningeal. 

14.  Tympanic  Branch. 

15.  Inferior  Maxillary  Branch. 

16.  Deep  Temporal. 

17.  Pterygoid  Branch. 

18.  Deep  Temporal. 

19.  Buccal  Branch. 

20.  Masseteric  Branch. 

21.  Descending  Palatine. 

22.  Superior  Maxillary  Branch. 

23.  Infra-orbital. 

24.  Posterior  Nasal. 

25.  Frontal. 

26.  Muscular  Branch. 

27.  Dorsalis  Nasi. 

28.  Superficial  Labial. 

29.  Masseteric  Branch. 

30.  Inferior  Coronary. 

31.  Mental  Branch. 

32.  Labial. 

33.  Superior  Coronary. 

34.  Lateralis  Nasi. 

35.  Artery  of  Septum. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


51 


FIGS.   II   AND  III.      ARTERIES   OF   NOSE   AND   TONGUE. 


a.  Frontal  Bone. 

b.  Crista  Galli. 

c.  Body  of. Sphenoid  Bone. 

d.  Sella  Turcica. 

e.  Posterior  Clinoid  Process. 
/.  Sphenoidal  Sinus. 

g.  Basilar  Groove. 

h.  Eustachian  Tube. 

i.  Mucous  Follicles. 

k.  Section    of    Nasal    Bones     and 

Cartilages. 
I.   Upper  Maxillary, 
m.  Palate  Bone. 
n.  Velum  Pendulum  Palati. 
o.  Upper  Lip. 
p.  Space  between  Upper  Lip  and 

Gums. 

q.  Alveolar  Process. 
r.  Tongue. 
s.  Stylo-glossus. 

t.  Lower  Lip.  [Gums. 

u.  Space  between  Lower  Lip   and 
v.  Lower  Jaw  Bone. 
w.  Genio-glossus. 
x.  Hyo-glossus. 


y.  Genio-hyoid. 
z.   Sterno-hyoid. 
a.  Omo-hyoid. 
/?.  Hyoid  Bone. 
f.  Thyro-hyoid. 

d.  Mylo-hyoid. 

e.  Superior  Pharyngeal  Constrictor. 
£.  Thyroid  Cartilage. 

1.  Common  Carotid  Artery. 

2.  Internal  Carotid        " 

3.  Superior  Thyroid      " 

4.  Superior  Laryngeal  " 

5.  Lingual  " 

6.  Hyoid  " 

7.  Dorsalis  Linguae        " 

8.  Sub-lingual  " 

9.  Ranine  " 

10.  Labial 

11.  External  Carotid 

12.  Descending  Palatine  " 

13.  Alveolar  Branches. 

14.  Branches  to  Septum  from  Pos- 

terior Nasal. 

15.  Incisive  Branch.  [thalmic. 

16.  Ethmoidal   Branches   of   Oph- 


FIG.   III. 


a  to  q.  Same  as  in  previous  figures. 
r.  Superior  \ 

8.  Middle     >  Turbinated  Bones. 
t.  Inferior   ) 

1.  Ethmoidal  Artery. 

2.  Its  continuation  to  the  Alse  Nasi. 

3.  Branches  to  Inferior  Turbinated 

Bone. 

4.  To  Middle  Turbinated  Bone. 


9. 
10. 


Branch  of  Posterior  Nasal. 
Branch  to  Superior  Turbinated 

Bone. 
Same    to    Middle    Turbinated 

Bone. 
Same  to   Inferior   Turbinated 

Bone. 

Branch  to  Eustachian  Tube. 
Branch  to  Soft  Palate. 


PLATES  XI   AND  XII. 

FIG.    I.      THE    VERTEBRAL   ARTERY. 


a.  Posterior  Arch  of  Atlas. 
6.  Transverse  Process  of  Atlas. 
r,.   Spinous    Processes    of    Cervical 
Vertebrae. 


d.  Transverse  Processes  of  Cervical 

Vertebrae. 

e.  First  Rib. 

/.  Scalenus  Anticus. 


52 


ANGIOLOGY. 


g.  Scalenus  Posticus 

h.  i.  Sterno-cleido  Mastoid 

Ic.  Longus  Coll: 

I.    Semi-spinalis  Cervicis 

m.  Obliquus  Inferior 

n,  o.  Rectus  Capitis  Posticus  Major 

1.  Innominate  Artery.         [Muscle. 

2.  Common  Carotid. 

3.  Subclavian. 

4.  Internal  Mammary. 

5.  Inferior  Thyroid. 

6.  Thyroid  Branch. 


7.  Thyroid  Axis. 

8.  Vertebral  Artery.  [Axis. 

9.  Its  course  between  the  Atlas  and 

10.  Its  continuation  to  the  Occipital 

Bone. 

11.  Branches  to  Longus  Colli. 

12.  Deep  Branches. 

13.  Muscular  Branch. 

14.  15.  Superior  Intercostal. 

16.  Deep  Cervical. 

17.  Transversalis  Colli. 

18.  Subclavian  Artery. 


FIG.  II.      ARTERIES    OF   THE    BRAIN. 


a,  a.  Anterior  Lobes. 

b,  Fissure  of  Sylvius. 

c,  c.  Middle  Lobes. 

d,  d.  Posterior  Lobes. 

e,  Cerebellum. 

/.  Medulla  Oblongata. 

g.  Pons  Varollii. 

h.  Peduncles. 

i.  Tuber  Cinereum. 

k.  Infundibulum. 

L   Olfactory 

m.  Optic 

n.  Motor  Oculi 

o.  Trochlearis 

p.  Trigeminus 

q.  Abducens 

r.   Facial 

«.  Auditory 


t.  Glosso-pharyngeus  \ 

u.  Pneumogastric         >  Nerves. 

v.  Hypo-glossal  ; 

1.  Vertebral  Artery. 

2.  Posterior  Cerebellar. 

3.  Basilar. 

4.  Anterior  Spinal. 

5.  Branch  to  Spinal  Cord. 

6.  Anterior  Cerebellar.        [  Nerve. 

7.  Branch  to  Pons  Varolii  and  fifth 

8.  Superior  Cerebellar. 

9.  Posterior  Cerebral. 

10.  Posterior  communicating. 

11.  Internal  Carotid. 

12.  Middle  Cerebral. 

13.  Anterior  communicating. 

14.  Anterior  Cerebral. 

15.  Branches  of  Middle  Cerebral. 


FIG.  III.      ARTERIES    OF   THE    ARM. 


a.  Deltoid 

6.  Pectoralis  Major 

c.  Latissimus  Dorsi 

d.  Teres  Major 

e.  Teres  Minor 
/.  Triceps 

g.  Subanconeus 

h.  Coraco-brachialis 

i.  Biceps 

k.  Bicipital  Fascia. 

I.  Tendon  of  Biceps. 

m.  Brachialis  Anticus  Muscle. 


n.  Supinator  Longus 

0.  Pronator  Radii  Teres 
p.  Flexor  Carpi  Radialis 
q.  Palmaris  Longus 

r.  Flexor  Carpi  Ulnaris 

1.  Brachial  Artery. 

2.  Branch  to  Triceps. 

3.  Superior  Profunda. 

4.  Muscular  Branches. 

5.  Anterior  Ulnar  Recurrent. 

6.  Muscular  Branch  to  Biceps. 

7.  Branch  to  Triceps. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


53 


8.  Muscular  Branches. 

9.  Deep  Ulnar  Recurrent. 

10.  Branch  to  Brachialis  Anticus. 


11.  Ulnar. 

12.  Radial. 

13.  Radial  Recurrent. 


PLATES   XIII  AND   XIV. 

ARTERIES  OF  THE  FOREARM  AND  HAND. 


FIG.  I. 


a. 

6. 

c. 
d. 

e. 

f. 

9- 

h. 

i. 

k. 

I 

m 

n. 

o. 

P- 

?• 
r. 

8. 
t. 
U. 

V. 

w. 

X. 

y- 

z. 
a. 

fi- 

r- 
d. 
1. 
2. 


Biceps  Muscle. 
Its  Tendons. 

Brachialis  Anticus  Muscle. 
Internal  Inter-muscular  Septum. 
Subanconeus. 
Internal  Condyle. 
Pronator  Radii  Teres 
Supinator  Longus 
Supinator  Brevis  [oir 

Extensor  Carpi  Radialis  Long- 
Extensor  Longus  Pollicis 
Extensor  Brevis  Pollicis 
Palmaris  Longus 
Palmar  Fascia 
Flexor  Carpi  Radialis 
Flexor  Carpi  Ulnaris 
Flexor  Sublimis  Digitorum 
Its  Four  Tendons 
Flexor  Profundus  Digitorum 
Its  Tendons 
Palmaris  Brevis 
Anterior  Annular  Ligament 
Opponens  Pollicis 
Abductor  Pollicis 
Flexor  Brevis  Pollicis 
Adductor  Pollicis 
Interossei 

Flexor  Brevis  Minimi  Digiti 
Abductor  Minimi  Digiti 
Brachial  Artery. 
Deep  Ulnar  Recurrent. 


3.  Branch  to  Brachialis  Anticus. 

4.  Branch  to  Pronator  Teres. 

5.  Radial  Recurrent. 

6.  Radial  Artery. 

7.  Muscular  Branches. 
9.  Superficialis  Volse. 

10.  Branches  to  the  Muscles  of  the 

Thumb. 

11.  Radial. 

12.  Muscular  Branches. 

13.  Ulnar  Artery. 

14.  Branches  to  the  Flexor  Muscles. 

15.  Branch  to  Palmaris  Brevis. 

16.  Ulnar  Artery  forming  Superficial 

Palmar  Arch. 

17.  Deep  Branch  of  Ulnar  Artery. 

18.  Palmar  Digital  Branch  to  Little 

Finger. 

19.  Palmar  Digital  Branch  to  Ring 

Finger. 

20.  Third  Digital  Branch. 

21.  Fourth  Digital  Branch. 

22.  Cutaneous  Branch. 

23.  Bifurcation  of  Digital  Branches. 

24.  28.  Digital  Branches  of  Ulnar 

Artery. 

25.  29.  Digital  Branches  of  Radial 

Artery. 

30.  Branches  to  Dosum  of  Fingers. 

31.  Arch  formed  at  last  Phalanx  by 

Digital  Branches. 


FIG.  II.      DEEP  ARTERIES   OF   FOREARM   AND   HAND. 


a.  Subanconeus  Muscle. 

6.  Internal  Inter-muscular  Septum. 

c.  Brachialis  Anticus  Muscle. 

d.  Pronator  Radii  Teres  Muscle. 


c.  Extensor  Carpi  Radialis  Muscle. 

/.  Tendon  of  Biceps. 

g.  Supinator  Brevis  Muscle. 

h.  Flexor  Carpi  Radialis  Longoir. 


54 


ANGIOLOGY. 


i.  Flexor  Carpi  Radialis  Brevior. 

1c.  Tendon  of  Supinator  Longus. 

m.  Flexor  Longus  Pollicis. 

n.  Pronator  Quadratus. 

o.  Interosseous  Ligament. 

p.  Tendon  of  Triceps. 

q.  Tendon  of  Flexor  Carpi  Ulnaris. 

r.  Anterior  Annular  Ligament. 

s.  v.  Interossei. 

w.  Adductor  Minimi  Digiti  Muscle. 

x.  Abductor  Minimi  Digiti       " 

1.  Brachial  Artery. 

2.  Posterior  Ulnar  Recurrent. 

3.  Branch  to  Brachialis  Anticus. 

4.  Radial  Artery. 

5.  Radial  Recurrent. 

6.  Branch  to  Capsular  Ligament. 

7.  Ulnar  Artery. 

8.  Anterior  Ulnar  Recurrent. 

9.  Branches  to  the  Flexor  Muscles. 

10.  Branch  to  Pronator  Quadratus. 

11.  Branch  to  Palmar  Arch. 

12.  Superficialis  Volae. 

13.  Radial  Artery. 

14.  Interosseous  Arteries. 

15.  Perforating  Branch. 


16.  Interosseous  Artery  passing  De- 

hind  Interosseous  Membrane. 

17.  Branches  of  Ulnar  to  Rete  Carpi 

Volare. 

18.  Ulnar    forming    Superficial 

Palmar  Arch. 

19.  Deep  Palmar  Arch. 

20.  Princeps  Pollicis. 

21.  Its  External  Branch. 

22.  Its  Internal  Branch.  [es. 

23.  24.  Anastomoses  of  these  Branch- 

25.  Radialis  Indicis. 

26.  Palmar  Interosseous. 

27.  Perforating  Branches. 

28.  Anastomoses  with  Digital 

Branches. 

29.  Digital  Branch  to  little  Finger. 

30.  Digital  Palmar  Branches. 

31.  33,  35.  Ulnar  Digital  Branches. 

32.  34,  36.  Radial  Digital  Branches. 

37.  Their  Anastomoses  on  the  first 

Phalanx. 

38.  Their  Anastomoses  on  the  sec- 

ond Phalanx. 

39.  Their  Anastomoses  on  the  Un- 

gual  Phalanx. 


FIG.  III.      FOREARM   AND   HAND.      DORSAL   ASPECT. 


a.  Radius. 
6.  Ulna. 

c.  Interosseous  Ligament. 

d.  Posterior  Carpal  Ligament. 

e.  Dorsal  Interossei. 
/.  Adductor  Pollicis. 

g.  Extensor  Longus  Pollicis. 
h.  Tendons  of  Extensor  Communis 
Digitorum. 

1.  Posterior  Interosseous  Artery. 

2.  Branches  to  Rete  Carpi  Dorsale. 

3.  Dorsal  Branch  of  Radial. 


4.  Branches  to  Dorsal  Surface  of 

Carpus. 

5.  Dorsalis  Pollicis — Radial  Side. 

6.  Same — Ulnar  Side. 

7.  12,  14,  16.  Radial,  Dorsal,  Dig- 

ital Branches. 

8.  Ulnar,  Dorsal,  Carpal  Branch. 

9.  Perforantes. 

10.  Dorsal  Interosseous. 

11,  13,  15,  17.  Ulnar,  Dorsal,  Digit- 

al Branches. 


PLATES  XV  AND   XVI. 

ARTERIES  OF  THE  THORAX.     BACK  VIEW  OF  SECTION  OF  SAME. 


a.  Frontal  Bone. 
6.  Frontal  Ridge. 


c.  Ethmoidal  Bone. 

d.  Olfactory  Nerve. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


66 


e.  Sella  Turcica. 
/.  Optic  Nerve. 

g,  g.  Lesser  Wings  of  Sphenoid  Bone. 
h,h.  Greater  Wings  of  Sphenoid  Bone. 
i.  Petrous  Portion  of  Temporal. 
k.  Motor  Oculi  Nerve. 

1.  Trochlearis        " 
m.  Trifacial  " 
n.  Abducens          " 

o.  Petrous  Portion  of  Temporal  Bone. 

p.  Facial  Nerve. 

q.  Auditory  Nerve. 

r.  Glosso-pharyngeus  Nerve. 

s.  Pneumogastric  " 

t.   Nervus  Accessorius  Willisi. 

u.  Hypo-glossal. 

U  Spinal  Cord. 

v.  Posterior  Roots  of  Cervical  Nerves. 

w.  Their  Ganglia. 

x.  Phrenic  Nerve. 

y.  Brachial  Plexus. 

2.  Atlas. 
a.  Ribs. 

ft.  Intercostal  Muscles. 

f.  Lungs. 

d.  (Esophagus. 

e.  Diaphragm. 
£.  Kidneys. 

.  Ureters. 


#.  Liver. 

1.  Thoracic  Aorta. 

2.  Left  Subclavian. 

3.  Vertebral. 

4.  Basilar. 

5.  Anterior  Spinal. 

6.  Posterior  Cerebellar. 

7.  Auditory  Branch. 

8.  Superior  Cerebellar. 

9.  Posterior  Cerebral. 

10.  Posterior  communicating. 

11.  Internal  Carotid. 

12.  Middle  Cerebral. 

13.  Anterior  communicating. 

14.  Anterior  Cerebral. 

15.  Inferior  Thyroid. 

16.  Common  Carotid. 

17.  Superior  Intercostal. 

18.  Aortic  Intercostals. 

19.  Abdominal  Aorta. 

20.  Lumbar  Arteries. 
22.  Renal  Arteries. 

22.  Iliac  Arteries. 

23.  Inferior  Vena  Cava. 

24.  Renal  Veins. 

25.  Intercostal  Veins. 

26.  Vena  Azygos  Major. 

27.  Vena  Azygos  Minor. 

28.  Thoracic  Duct. 


PLATES  XVII  AND   XVIII. 

ARTERIES  OF  THE   HEAD   AND   NECK.     POSTERIOR  ASPECT. 


a.  Frontal  Bone. 
6.  Eye. 

c.  Lachrymal  Gland. 

d.  Rectus  Inferior  Muscle. 

e.  g.  Optic  Nerve. 

/.  Optic  Commisure. 

h.  Petrous  portion  of  Temporal  Bone. 

i.  Trifacial  Nerve. 

k.  Trochlearis. 

I.    Facial  Nerve. 

m.  Auditory  Nerve. 

n.  Posterior  Nares. 


o.  Velum  Pendulum  Palati. 

p.  Uvula. 

q.  External  Pterygoid  Muscle. 

r.  Parotid  Gland. 

5.   Internal  Pterygoid  Muscle. 

t.   Levator  Palati. 

u.  Palato-pharyngeus. 

v.  Temporal  Muscle. 

w.  Masseter. 

x.  Inferior  Maxillary  Bone. 

y.  Tongue. 

z.  Epiglottis. 


56 


ANGIOLOGY. 


a.  Arytsenoid  Cartilages. 

/9.  Greater  Cornua  of  Hyoid  Bone. 

f.  Arytsenoideus  Muscle. 

8.  Cricoid  Cartilage. 

e.   Thyroid  Cartilage. 

£.  Trachea. 

7.  Thyroid  Gland. 

$.  Bronchi. 

/.    Lungs. 

x.   Left  Auricle. 

L  Left  Ventricle. 

1.  Ascending  Aorta. 

2.  Arch  of  Aorta. 

3.  Innominate  Artery. 

4.  Right  Common  Carotid. 

5.  External  Carotid. 

6.  Internal  Carotid. 

7.  Ophthalmic. 

8.  Middle  Cerebral. 

9.  Anterior  communicating. 
8,  9,  16,  17.  Circle  of  Willis. 

10.  Anterior  Cerebral. 


11.  Left  Common  Carotid. 

12.  Right  Subclavian. 

13.  Left  Subclavian. 

14.  Vertebral 

15.  Basilar. 

16.  Posterior  Cerebral. 

17.  Posterior  communicating. 

18.  Inferior  Thyroid. 

19.  Cervicalis  Ascendens. 

20.  Superficial  Cervical. 

21.  External  Carotid. 

22.  23.  Muscular  Branches. 

24.  Internal  Maxillary. 

25.  Pulmonary  Artery. 

26.  Pulmonary  Branches. 

27.  Pulmonary  Veins. 

28.  Internal  Jugular  Vein. 

29.  Superior  Vena  Cava. 

30.  Inferior  Vena  Cava. 

31.  Coronary  Veins. 

32.  Coronary  Arteries. 


PLATES   XIX  AND   XX. 

ABDOMINAL  AORTA  AND  BRANCHES. 


a.  Xiphoid  Cartilage. 

6,  c.  Cartilages    of    Seventh    and 

Eight  Ribs. 

d.  Costo-xiphoid  Ligament, 
c.  Crura  of  Diaphragm. 
/.  Their  Junction. 
g,  h.  Central  Tendon  of  Diaphragm. 
i.  Opening  for  Vena  Cava. 
k.  Inferior  Vena  Cava. 
1.   CEsophageal  Opening. 
m.  (Esophagus. 
n.  Psoas  Magnus. 
o.  Psoas  Parvus. 
p.  Quadratus  Lumborum. 
q.  Transversalis  Abdominis. 
r.  Rectus  Abdominis. 
s.  Iliacus. 
t.   Kidney. 

u.  Supra-renal  Capsule. 
v.  Pelvis  of  Kidney. 


w.  Ureter. 

x.  Bladder. 

y.  Urachus. 

z.  Rectum. 

a.  Vas  Deferens. 

/?.  Internal  Inguinal  Ring. 

f.   Sacrum. 

d.  Last  Lumbar  Vertebra. 

e.  Spinal  Column. 
£.  Ilium. 

1.  Abdominal  Aorta. 

2.  Cceliac  Axis. 

3.  Inferior  Phrenic. 

4.  Left  Phrenic. 

5.  Branch  to  the  Diaphragm. 

6.  Supra-renal  Artery — Left  Side. 

7.  CEsophageal  Branch. 

8.  Anterior  Branches  of  Phrenic. 

9.  Right  Phrenic.  [phragm. 
10.  Branches  to  the  Crura  of  Dia- 


ANGIOLOGY. 


57 


11.  Supra-renal  Artery — Right  Side. 

12.  Ramifications    of   the    Phrenic 

Arteries. 

13.  Branches  to  Vena  Cava. 

14.  Gastric. 

15.  Hepatic. 

16.  Splenic. 

17.  Superior  Mesenteric. 

18.  Supra-renal  Branch. 

19.  Renal. 

20.  Spermatic. 

21.  Inferior  Mesenteric. 

22.  Colica  Sinistra. 

23.  Sigmoid. 

24.  Superior  Hemorrhoidal. 

25.  26,  27.  Lumbar  Arteries. 


28.  Sacra  Media. 

29.  Fifth  Lumbar  Artery. 

30.  Iliac  Artery. 

31.  Internal  Iliac. 

32.  External  Iliac. 

33.  Posterior  Trunk  of  Internal  Iliac. 

34.  Lateral  Sacral. 

35.  Obturator. 

36.  Sciatic. 

37.  Right  Epigastric. 

38.  Left  Epigastric. 

39.  Spermatic  Branch. 

40.  Distribution  to  Abdominal  Mus- 

cles. 

41.  Circumflex  Iliac. 

42.  Anastomoses  with  Ilio-lumbar. 


PLATES  XXI  AND  XXII. 

ARTERIES    OF    THE    STOMACH. 


a.  Crura  of  the  Diaphragm. 
6.  (Esophagus. 

c.  Cardiac  End  of  Stomach.    . 

d.  Pyloric  End  of  Stomach. 

e.  Pyloric  Valve. 
/.  Duodenum. 

g.  Pancreas. 

h.  Spleen. 

i.  Hilus. 

k.  Liver. 

I.   Round  Ligament  of  Liver. 

m.  Suspensory  Ligament. 

n.  Gall  Bladder. 

0.  Its  Cervix. 

p.  Ductus  Communis  Choledochus. 
q.  Vena  Portae. 

1.  Abdominal  Aorta. 

2.  Cceliac  Axis. 

3.  Phrenic. 

4.  Gastric. 

5.  CEsophageal  Branch. 

6.  Its  Anastomosis  with  7. 


7.  The  Pyloric  Branch. 

8.  Hepatic  Artery. 

9.  Gastro-Duodenalis. 

10.  Pancreatic  Branch. 

11.  Pancreatico-duodenalis. 

12.  Gastro-epiploica  Dextra. 

13.  Pyloric  Branch. 

14.  Gastric  Branches. 

15.  Branches  to  the  Omentum. 

16.  Hepatic  Artery. 

17.  Cystic. 

18.  Splenic. 

19.  Pancreatic  Branches. 

20.  Gastro-Epiploica  Sinistra. 

21.  Its  Inosculation  with  12. 

22.  Vasa  Brevia. 

23.  Splenic  Branches. 

24.  Superior  Mesenteric. 

25.  Inferior  Pancreatico-duodenalis. 

26.  Anastomosis  of  25  with  11. 

27.  Inferior  Mesenteric. 


FIG.    II. 


a.  Diaphragm. 
6.  Liver. 


c.  Right  Lobe. 

d.  Left  Lobe. 


58 


ANGIOLOGY. 


e.  Lobus  Spigelii. 

/.  Lobus  Quadratus. 

g.  Hepatic  Duct. 

h.  Gall  Bladder. 

i.  Cystic  Duct. 

k.  Ductus  Communis  Choledochus. 

I.  Vena  Portse. 

m.  (Esophagus. 

n.  Stomach. 

0.  (Esophageal  Opening. 

p.  Cardiac  End  of  Stomach. 

q.  Pyloric  End  of  Stomach. 

r.  Pylorus, 

s.  Duodenum. 

t.  Spleen. 

1.  Abdominal  Aorta. 

2.  Inferior  Phrenic. 

3.  Cceliac  Axis. 

4.  Its  Division. 


5.  Gastric  Artery. 

6.  (Esophageal  Branch. 

7.  Gastric. 

8.  Branches    to    Cardiac  End   of 

Stomach. 

9.  Hepatic  Artery. 

10.  Gastro-duodenalis. 

11.  Gastro-epiploica  Dextra. 

12.  Duodenal  Branch. 

13.  Gastric  Branches. 

14.  Branches  to  Omentum. 

15.  Pyloric  Branch. 

16.  Pyloric  Artery. 

17.  Hepatic  Artery. 

18, 19, 20.  Division  of  Hepatic  Arter- 
ies before  entering  the  liver. 

21.  Cystic  Artery. 

22.  Splenic  Artery. 

23.  Gastro-epiploica  Sinistra. 


PLATES   XXIII  AND   XXIV. 

INTESTINAL    ARTERIES. 


a.  Pancreas. 

b.  Duodenum. 

c.  Jejunum  and  Ileum. 

d.  Ascending  Colon. 

e.  Transverse  Colon. 
/.  Descending  Colon. 
g.  Sigmoid  Flexure. 
h.  Rectum. 

i.  Transverse  Mesocolon. 

k.  Descending  Mesocolon. 

I.   Crest  of  Ilium. 

m.  Anterior  Superior  Spine  of  Ilium. 

1.  Superior  Mesenteric  Artery. 

2.  Inferior  Pancreatico-duodenalis. 

3.  Superier  Pancreatico-duodenalis. 


4.  Colica  Media. 

5.  Anastomoses  with  Colica  Dextra. 

6.  Anastomoses  with  Colica  Sinis- 


7.  Vasa  Intestini  Tenuis. 

8.  Abdominal  Aorta. 

9.  Left  Renal  Artery. 

10.  Spermatic  Artery. 

11.  Lumbar  Arteries. 

12.  Iliac  Arteries. 

13.  Inferior  Mesenteric. 

14.  Colica  Sinistra. 

15.  Ascending  Branch. 

16.  Descending  Branch. 

17.  19.  Superior  Hemorrhoidal. 

18.  Sigmoid. 


tra. 


PLATES   XXV  AND   XXVI. 

SUPERIOR   MESENTERIC    ARTERY. 


a.  Pancreas. 

b.  Duodenum. 

c.  Jejunum  and  Ileum. 

d.  Ileo-ca3cal  Valve. . 


e.  Caecum. 

/.  Vermiform  Appendix. 
g.  Ascending  Colon. 
h.  Hepatic  Flexure. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


59 


i.  Transverse  Colon. 

k.  Splenic  Flexure. 

I.   Descending  Colon. 

m.  Anterior  Muscular  Band  of  Colon. 

n.  Mesentery. 

1  to  6.  Same  as  preceding  plates. 

7.  Ileo-colic. 

8.  Colica  Dextra. 

9.  Ileo-colic. 


10.  Ceecal  Branches. 

11.  Branch  to  Vermiform  Appendix. 

12.  Ileac  Branch  of  Ileo-colic. 

13.  Anastomoses  with  Intestini  Ten- 

uis. 

14.  Vasa  Intestini  Tenuis. 

15.  16,  17.  Arches  formed  by  Anas- 

tomoses of  14. 
18.  Intestinal  Branches. 


PLATES   XXVII  AND   XXVIII. 

PELVIC   ARTERIES   IN   THE  MALE. 


a.  Lumbar  Vertebra. 
6.  Sacrum. 

c.  Coccyx. 

d.  Symphysis  Pubis. 

e.  Longissimus  Dorsi 
/.   Gluteus  Magnus 
g.  Transversalis 

h.  Rectus 

i.   Iliacus  ^Muscles. 

k.  Psoas  Magnus 

1.   Psoas  Parvus 

m.  Pyriformis. 

n.  Levator  Ani 

0.  Spinal  Canal. 

p.  Obturator  Nerve. 

q.  Fifth  Lumbar  Nerve. 

r.  First        \ 

s.  Second    V  Sacral  Nerves. 

t.   Third      ) 

u.  Bladder. 

v.  Ureter. 

w.  Vas  Deferens. 

x.  Vesicula  Seminales. 

y.  Rectum. 

1.  Abdominal  Aorta. 

2.  Inferior  Mesenteric. 

3.  Lumbar. 

4.  Sacra  Media. 

5.  Iliac  Arteries. 

6.  Internal  Iliac. 

7.  Posterior  Trunk. 

8.  Ilio-lumbar. 


9.  Iliac  Branch. 

10.  Psoas,  or  Lumbar  Branch. 

11.  Anastomosis   with     Circumflex 

Ilii. 

12.  Lateral  Sacral. 

13.  Branch  to  Levator  Ani. 

14.  Obturator  Artery. 

15.  Branch  to  Obturator  Internus. 

16.  Anastomosis  with  38. 

17.  Gluteal  Artery. 

18.  Anterior  Trunk  of  Internal  Iliac. 

19.  Superior  Vesical. 

20.  Obliterated  Hypogastric  Artery. 

21.  Middle  Vesical. 

22.  Inferior  Vesical. 

23.  Branch  to  Vesicula  Seminales. 

24.  Internal  Pudic. 

25.  Middle  Hemorrhoidal. 

26.  Branch  to  Levator  Ani. 

27.  Branch  to  Vesicula  Seminales. 

28.  Branches  to  Rectum. 

29.  Sciatic  Artery. 

30.  Branch  to  Pyriformis. 

31.  External  Iliac. 

32.  Circumflex  Iliac. 

33.  Branches  to  Iliacus. 

34.  Branches  to  Transversalis. 

35.  Anastomosis  with' Ilio-lumbar. 

36.  Epigastric. 

37.  Obturator  Branch. 

38.  Anastomosis  of  37,  with  16  and  9. 

39.  Cremasteric  Branch. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


PLATES  XXIX  AND  XXX. 

PELVIC   BRANCHES   IN   THE   FEMALE. 


a.  Lumbar  Vertebrae. 

b.  Sacrum. 

c.  Coccyx. 

d.  Symphysis  Pubis. 

e.  Horizontal  Ramus  of  Pubes. 
/.  Longissimus  Dorsi     \ 

g.  Gluteus  Maximus      >  Muscles. 
h.  Transversalis  ) 

i.   Internal  Inguinal  Ring. 
k.  Psoas  Magnus 

1.  Iliacus 

m.  Obturator  Internus     ^Muscles. 
n.  Pyriformis 

0.  Levator  Ani 

p,  q,  r,  s,  t,  u.   Same  as  preceding 

plates. 
v.  Vagina. 
w.  Uterus. 

x.  Round  Ligament  of  Uterus. 
y.  Fallopian  Tube. 

2.  Fimbriated  Extremity. 

a.  Ovary. 

b.  Rectum. 

1.  Abdominal  Aorta. 

2.  Inferior  Mesenteric  Artery. 

3.  Left  Common  Iliac. 

4.  Lumbar. 

5.  Middle  Sacral. 


6.  Last  Lumbar  Artery. 

7.  Right  Iliac. 

8.  Internal  Iliac. 

9.  Lateral  Sacral. 

10.  Ilio-lumbar. 

11.  Lumbar  Branch. 

12.  Obturator. 

13.  Branch  to  Obturator  Internus. 

14.  Anastomosis  with  Epigastric. 

15.  Gluteal  Artery. 

16.  Superior  Vesical. 

17.  Obliterated  Hypogastric  Artery. 

18.  Vesical  Arteries. 

19.  Uterine  Arteries. 

20.  Vaginal  Branches. 

21.  Uterine  Branch. 

22.  Internal  Pudic. 

23.  Middle  Hemorrhoidal. 

24.  Branch  to  Levator  Ani. 

25.  Sciatic  Artery. 

26.  Sacral  Branch. 

27.  Right  External  Iliac. 

28.  Circumflex  Iliac. 

29.  Iliac  Branch. 

30.  Anastomosis  with  Ilio-lumbar. 

31.  Epigastric. 

32.  Pubic  Branch. 

33.  Muscular  Branch. 


PLALES   XXXI   AND    XXXII. 

ARTERIES   OF  THE  THIGH.     ANTERIOR  ASPECT. 


a,  b.  External  Oblique. 

c.  Rectus  Abdominis. 

d.  Sheath  of  Rectus. 

e.  Pyramidalis. 

/.   External  Abdominal  Ring. 

g.  Spermatic  Cord. 

h.  Poupart's  Ligament. 

i.   Crural  Ring. 

k.  Sartorius. 

I,   Gracilis. 

m.  Semi-membranosus. 


n.  Adductor  Magnus. 

o.  Adductor  Longus. 

p.  Adductor  Brevis. 

q.  Pectineus. 

r.  Vastus  Externus. 

s.  Crureus. 

t.    Rectus  Femoris. 

u.  Vastus  Externus. 

v.  Tensor  Vaginae  Femoris. 

w,  Iliacus. 

x.  Psoas. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


61 


y.  Penis. 

1.  Femoral  Artery. 

2.  Epigastric. 

3.  Circumflex  Iliac.        [  Branches. 
4  and  5.  Cutaneous  and  Muscular 

6.  Superficial  Femoral. 

7,  8.  External  Pudic. 

9    to  17.  Muscular  Branches. 

18.  Profunda  Femoris. 

19.  Cutaneous  Branch. 

20.  Muscular  Branch. 

21.  Internal  Circumflex. 

22.  Iliac  Branch. 

23.  Superficial  Circumflex  Iliac. 

24.  Obturator. 

25.  26.  Anastomoses  with  Internal 

Circumflex. 

27   to  29.  Muscular  Branches. 
30.  Scrotal  Branch. 


31,  34.  Branches  to  Adductors. 

35.  Deep  Femoral. 

36.  Branch  to  Sartorius. 

37.  Superior  Perforating. 

38.  External  Circumflex. 

39.  Ascending  Muscular  Branch. 

40.  41.  Perforating  Arteries. 

42.  Branch  to  Adductors. 

43.  Ramifications  of  Profunda. 

44.  Obturator. 

45.  Superficial  Muscular  Branch. 

46.  Anastomosis    with    superficial 

Femoral. 

47.  Anastomoses  with  Epigastric. 

48.  Internal  Branch  of  Obturator. 

49.  Muscular  Branch  to  Abdomen. 

50.  Muscular  Branch. 

51.  Anastomoses  of  44  with  21. 

52.  Dorsalis  Penis. 


PLATES  XXXIII   AND   XXXIV. 

ARTERIES   OF  THE   THIGH   AND   LEG.     BACK   VIEW. 


a.  Ilium. 

6.  Trochanter  Major. 

c.  Tuberosity  of  Ischium. 

d.  Spine  of  Ischium. 

e.  Great  Sacro-sciatic  Ligament 
/.   Femur. 

g.  Gluteus  Maximus 

h.  Gluteus  Medius 

i.   Gluteus  Minimus 

k.  Pyriformis 

I.    Gemelli 

m,  n.  Obturator  Internus 

o.  Quadratus  Femoris 

p.  Crus  Penis 

q.  Transverse  Perinei 

r,  Levator  Ani 

s,  t.  Biceps  Femoris 

s.  Lon^  head,    t.  Short  head. 

u.  Adductor  Magnus 

v.  Semi-membranosus 

w.  Semi-tendinosus 

x.   Vastus  Externus 

y.  Plantaris 


z. 


a. 

/?. 


Internal  Condyle. 
Tendon  of  Gracilis 
Tendon  of  Sartorius. 

1.  Gluteal  Artery. 

2.  Internal  Pudic. 

3.  Perineal. 

4.  Branch  to  External  Sphincter. 

5.  Artery  of  the  Bulb. 

6.  Deep  Branch. 

7.  Perineal  Branches. 
Branch  to  Ischium. 
Branch  to  Levator  Ani. 
Anastomoses   with    Circumflux 

Arteries. 

11.  Branches  of  Sciatic,  which  join 

with  Circumflux  Arteries. 

12.  Sciatic  Branch  to  Gluteal  Mus- 

cles. 

13.  Anastomosis  with  Superior  Per- 

forating. 

14.  Internal  Circumflex.        [Pudic. 

15.  16.  Anastomosis   with   Internal 
17.  Muscular  Branch. 


8. 

9. 

10. 


62 


ANGIOLOGY. 


18,  19.  Superior  Perforating. 

20.  Muscular  Branch. 

21.  Its  Anastomosis  with  18. 

22.  24.  Perforating  Branches. 

25.  Muscular  Branches. 

26.  Branch  of  Third  Perforating. 


27,  28.  Branches  of  Fourth  Perfor- 

29.  Femoral  Artery.  [ating. 

30.  Popliteal  Artery. 

31.  Superior  Internal  Articular. 

32.  Muscular  Branch. 

33.  External  Posterior  Articular. 


PIG.   II. 


a.  Gastrocnemius  Muscle. 

6.  Tendo  Achillis. 

c.  Tendon  of  Peroneus  Longus. 

1.  Popliteal  Artery. 

2.  Muscular  Branch. 

3.  Inferior  Internal  Articular. 


4.  Cutaneous. 

5.  Peroneal. 

6.  Anastomosis  with  4. 

7.  Anastomosis  with  8. 

8.  Posterior  Tibial  Artery. 

9.  Branches  to  Os  Calcis. 


FIGS.  Ill   AND  IV.      ARTERI^E  .HELICIN.E   OP  THE  CORPUS  CAVERNOSUM  PENIS. 


Fig.  3.  Natural  Position. 


Fig.  4.  Injected. 


PLATES  XXXV  AND  XXXVI. 

ARTERIES   OF  THE   KNEE  JOINT. 
FIG.   I.      INTERNAL  ASPECT   OF   KNEE   JOINT. 


a.  Semi-membranosus 

b.  Gracilis 

c.  Sartorius 

d.  Tendon  of  Adductor  Magnus 

e.  f.  Vastus  Internus 

g.  Tendon  of  Semitendinosus 

h.  Gastrocnemius 

i.   Patella. 

k.  Fascia  Lata. 

1.  Popliteal  Artery. 

2.  Internal  Superior  Articular. 

3.  Muscular  Branch. 


4.  Anastomosis   with  Inferior  Ar- 

ticular. 

5.  Internal  Superior  Articular. 

6.  Nutrient  Branch. 

7.  Branch  to  Internal  Condyle. 

8.  Continuation  of  5  to  Patella. 

9.  Anastomosis  of  Internal  Articu- 

lar Arteries. 

10.  Anastomosis  with  External  Ar- 

ticular Arteries. 

11.  Inferior  Internal  Articular. 

12.  Tibial  Branch. 


FIG.    II.      EXTERNAL   ASPECT   OF   KNEE. 


a,  6.  Biceps  Muscle. 

c.  Vastus  Externus. 

d.  External  Lateral  Ligament. 

e.  Aponeurosis. 

/.  Opened  Capsular  Ligament. 

g.  Gastrocnemius. 

h.  Soleus  \  a 

i.  Peroneus  Longus 

k.  Extensor  Longus  Digitorum    )  5 

L  Tibialis  Anticus  Muscle.       [tery. 

1.  Superior  External  Articular  Ar- 


2.  Anastomosing  Branch  of  Infer- 

ior Perforating. 

3,  4.  Branches  to  the  Condyles. 

5.  Superficial  Branch  of  1.     [tery. 

6.  Inferior  External  Articular  Ar- 

7.  Branch  to  External  Condyle. 

8.  Anastomoses  with  Internal  Ar- 

ticular Arteries. 

9.  Anterior  Tibial  Artery. 

10.  Recurrent  Tibial. 

11.  Branch  to  Ligaments  and  Tibia. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


63 


PIG.   HI.      ANTERIOR   ASPECT   OF   KNEE   JOINT. 


a.  Patella. 

6.  Ligamentum  Patellae. 

c.  Vastus  Interims 

d.  Rectus  Femoris 

e.  Vastus  Externus 
/,  g.  Biceps. 

h.  Peroneus  Longus 

i.  Extensor  Longus  Digitorum 


fc.  Tibialis  Anticus  Muscle. 
J.   Tibia. 

1.  Anterior  Tibial  Artery. 

2.  Branches  to  Ligaments  of  Joints. 

3.  Internal  Inferior  Articular. 

4.  Internal  Superior  Articular. 

5.  External  Superior  Articular. 


FIG.  IV.       POSTERIOR   ASPECT    OF    KNEE    JOINT. 


a.  Biceps 

6.  Semi-membranosus 

c.  Semi-tendinosus 

d.  Gastrocnemius  ^-Muscles. 

e.  Plantaris 
/.  Soleus 

g.  Popliteus 

1.  Popliteal  Artery. 

2.  Superior  External  Articular. 


3.  Branch  to  Gastrocnemius  (sural) 

4.  Internal  Superior  Articular. 

5.  Anastomosis  with  6. 

6.  Branch  to  Gastrocnemius  (sural) 

7.  Internal  Inferior  Articular. 

8.  9.  Sural. 

10.  Division  of  Tibialis  Anterior  and 

Peroneus. 

11.  Posterior  Tibial  Artery. 


PLATES   XXXVII  AND   XXXVIII. 

ARTERIES  OF  THE  CALF  AND  PLANTAR  SURFACE  OF  THE  FOOT. 


FIG.  I. 


a.  Tibia. 

6.  Gastrocnemius  )  a 

c.  Tibialis  Anticus 

d.  Extensor  Longus  Pollicis     )  » 

e.  Interosseous  Ligament. 

/.  Extensor  Longus  Digitorum    \  s 

g.  Peroneus  Longus 

h.  Extensor  Brevis  Digitorum     )  « 

1.  Anterior  Tibial  Artery. 

2.  Branch  to  Knee  Joint. 

3  to  6.  Muscular  Branches. 

7.  Internal  Malleolar. 

8.  External  Malleolar. 

9.  Anastomosis  with  Dorsal  Arter- 

ies of  Foot. 


10.  Dorsalis  Pedis  Artery. 

11,  12.  Tarsal. 

13.  Metatarsal  Interosseae. 

14.  Division  into  Dorsal  Pollicis  and 

Anastomotic  Branch,  and  in- 
to 15. 

15.  Second  Dorsal  Collateral  Branch 

16.  Internal     Branch    of    Dorsalis 

Hallucis. 

17.  Second  Interosseous. 

18.  Second  Digital. 

19.  Second  Dorsal  Collateral. 

20.  Third  Digital. 

21  to  26.  Digital  Arteries  of  the  Toes. 
27.  Dorsal  Arch. 


FIG.   II. 


a.  Plantaris 
6.  Soleus 
Popliteus 


vMuscles. 


c. 


d.  Peroneus  Longus  J 


e.  Flexor  Longus  Hallucis  A  g 
/.  Flexor  Longus  Digitorum  I  g 
g.  Tendon  of  Peroneus  Brevis  [  £- 
h.  Tendo  Achillis  J  •" 


64 


ANGIOLOGY. 


1.  Popliteal  Artery. 

2.  Origin  of  Peroneal  and  Anterior 

Tibial. 

3.  4.  Sural  Branches. 

5.  Anterior  Tibial. 

6.  Peroneal. 

7.  8.  Muscular  Branch. 

9.  Cutaneous  Branch  of  Peroneal. 
10,  11.  Anastomosis  with  Posterior 

Tibial. 
12.  Termination  of  Peroneal. 


13.  Posterior  Tibial. 

14   to  17.  Muscular  Branches. 

18.  Branch  to  Nerves. 

19  to  21.  Cutaneous  Branches  and 
Anastomosis. 

22  to  23.  Anastomosis  with  Pero- 
neal. 

24.  Anastomosis  with  Tibialis  An- 

tica. 

25.  Anterior  Tibial. 

26.  27,  28.  Muscular  Branches. 


FIG.    III.      PLANTAR    SURFACE    OF    THE    FOOT. 


a. 
b, 
d. 
e. 


k. 
I. 

m, 
t. 

u, 
v. 
w. 

1. 

2. 
3. 

4. 
5. 
6. 

7. 


Calcaneum. 

c.  Astragalus. 

Scaphoid. 

First  Cuneiform. 

Metatarsal  Bone  of  Great  Toe. 

h.  First  and  Second  Phalanx  of 

Great  Toe. 

Fifth  Metatarsal  Bone. 
Transversus  Pedis.  [rum. 

Tendon  of  Flexor  Longus  Digito- 
s.  Interossei. 

Long  Calcaneo-cuboid  Ligament. 
Short  Calcaneo-cuboid  Ligament. 
Interosseous  Ligament. 
Origin  of  Abductor  Pollicis. 
Posterior  Tibial  Artery. 
Cutaneous  Branch. 
Branch  to  Os  Calcis. 
Calcanean  Branch. 
Muscular  Branch. 
Internal  Plantar  Artery. 
Communicating  Branch. 
Branch  to  the  Plantar  Ligaments. 


9.  Internal  Plantar. 

10.  Deep  Branch. 

11.  Branch  to  Plantar  Aponeurosis. 

12.  Anastomosis  with  7. 

13.  External  Plantar  Artery. 

14.  Calcanean  Branch. 

15.  Anastomosis  with  Peroneal. 

19.  22,  25,  27,  29.  Interosseous. 

20.  External  Digital  Branch  of  Lit- 

tle Toe. 

21.  Beginning  of  Plantar  Arch. 

23.  Anastomosis    with    Vessels    of 

Little  Toe. 

24,  28,  30,  35.  Division  of  Interossei 

into   Internal   and   External 
Digital. 
26.  Muscular  Branch. 

31.  Plantar  Arch.  [ial. 

32.  Anastomosis  with  Anterior  Tib- 

33.  Anastomosis  with  11. 

34.  Internal  Plantar  Branch  to  Great 

Toe. 


PLATES  XXXIX  AND  XL. 

VEINS  OF  THE  HEAD. 


a.  Frontalis  Muscle. 
6.  Aponeurosis. 

c.  Attolens  Aurem. 

d.  Occipital  Muscle. 

e.  Retrahens  Aurem. 
/.  Ear. 


g.  Orbicularis  Palpebrarum. 

h.  Compressor  Naris. 

i.   Levator  Labii  Superioris. 

k.  Levator  Anguli  Oris. 

1.    Orbicularis  Oris. 

m.  Depressor  Anguli  Oris. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


65 


n.    Platysma  Myoides. 

0.  Internal  Pterygoid. 
p.    Digastric. 

q.    Zygomatic  Major. 

r.     Steno's  Duct.  [moved. 

s.     Zygomatic  Process  of  Malar  re- 

t.    Temporal  Muscle. 

u,    Zygomatic  Process  of  Temporal 

Bone  removed. 
v,  w.  Sterno-cleido-mastoid. 
x.    Splenius  Capitis  et  Colli. 
y.   .Levator  Anguli  Scapulae. 
z.     Its  Origin. 
a.    Omo-hyoid. 
/?.    Scalenus  Medius. 
Y.    Scalenus  Anticus. 
8.    Thyroid  Gland, 
e.     Sterno-thyroid. 
£.     Sterno-hyoid. 
r).     Thyro-hyoid. 
$.     Thyroid  Cartilage. 

1.  Cricoid  Cartilage. 

1.  Vena  Cava  Superior. 

2.  Right  Subclavian  Vein. 

3.  External  Jugular. 

4.  Anterior  Jugular. 

5.  Transverse  Jugular. 

6.  Cutaneous  Vein. 

7.  Mental.  [ular. 

8.  Anastomosis  with  External  Jug- 

9.  Submaxillary  Branch. 

10.  Anastomoses  withTemporal Vein 

11.  External  Jugular. 

12.  Anastomosis  with  Transversalis 

Colli. 

13.  Muscular  Branch. 

14.  Anastomosis  with  Subclavian. 

15.  Posterior  External  Jugular. 

16.  Anastomosis  with  8. 

17.  Anastomosis  with  3. 

18.  Parotid  Branch. 

19.  Occipital. 

20.  Anastomosis  with  Temporal. 

21.  Transversalis  Colli. 

22.  Muscular  Branch. 

23.  Muscular  Branch. 


24.  Superficial  Occipital. 

25.  Internal  Jugular. 

26.  Superior  Thyroid. 

27.  Cerebral  Portion  of  25. 

28.  Facial. 

29.  Laryngeal. 

30.  Facial. 

31.  Submaxillary. 

32.  Submental. 

33.  Anastomosis  with  Labial  Veins. 

34.  Masseteric. 

35.  Inferior  Labial. 

36.  Inferior  Buccal. 

37.  Middle  Labial. 

38.  Superior  Buccal. 

39.  Inferior  Labial,  Superior  Branch 

40.  Mental  Plexus. 

41.  Labial  Plexus. 

42.  Superior  Labial  Branch. 

43.  Deep  Branch  of  Facial. 

44.  Superior  Dental. 

45.  Posterior  Nasal. 

46.  Ophthalmic. 

47.  External  Palpebral. 

48.  Inferior  Palpebral  Plexus. 

49.  Superior  Labial. 

50.  Superior  Labial  Plexus. 

51.  Nasal. 

52.  Inferior  Palpebral. 

53.  Nasal  Branch. 

54.  Nasal  Plexus. 

55.  Dorsalis  Nasi. 

56.  Frontal  Vein. 

57.  Dorsalis  Nasi. 

58.  Nasal  Plexus. 

59.  Anastomoses  with  Temporal. 

60.  Supra-orbital. 

61.  Superior  Palpebral. 

62.  Superior  Palpebral  Plexus. 

63.  Supra-orbital. 

64.  Anastomoses  with  Temporal. 

65.  Temporo-maxillary. 

66.  Parotid  Branch. 

67.  Muscular  Branches. 

68.  Posterior  Auricular. 

69.  Transverse  Facial. 


66 


ANGIOLOGY. 


70.  Superficial  Branch. 

71.  Deep  Branch. 

72.  Deep  Temporal. 

73.  Superior  Branch. 

74.  Anastomoses  with  Anterior  Ar- 

ticular. 

75.  Deep  Branch  of  Temporal. 

76.  Inferior  Maxillary. 

77.  Anastomoses  with  Buccal. 

78.  Muscular  Branches. 

79.  Anastomoses   with   Transverse 

Facial. 

80.  Temporal. 

81.  82,  83.  Muscular  Branches. 

84.  Anterior  Articular. 

85.  Anterior  Auricular. 

86.  Temporal. 


87.  External  Branch. 

88.  Anastomosing  Branch. 

89.  Internal  Branch. 

90.  Anastomosis    with    External 

Branch. 

91.  Anastomoses    of    Temporal 

Branches. 

92.  Branches    joining    Deep   Tem- 

poral. 

93.  Anastomoses  with  Frontal  Vein. 

94.  Deep  Temporal. 

95.  Muscular  Branches. 

96.  Superior  Frontal. 

97.  Anastomosis  with  Supra-orbital. 

98.  Common  Carotid  Artery. 

99.  Superior  Thyroid  Artery 
lOO.External  Carotid  Artery. 


PLATES   XLI   AND  XLII. 

VEINS   OF  NECK   AND  TRUNK. 


a.  Masseter. 

b.  Mylo-hyoides. 

c.  Os  Hyoid. 

d.  Thyro-hyoid. 

e.  Thyroid  Gland. 

/.   Submaxillary  Gland. 

g.  Trachea. 

h.  Clavicle. 

i.   Deltoid. 

k.  Pectoralis  Minor. 

I.    Pectoralis  Major. 

m.  Biceps. 

n.  Latissimus  Dorsi. 

o.  Ribs. 

p.  Intercostals. 

q.  Heart. 

r.  Left  Auricle. 

s.  Right  Auricle. 

t.    Apex. 

u.  Diaphragm. 

v.  (Esophagus. 

w.  Kidneys. 

x.   Suprarenal  Capsule. 

y.  Ureters. 

x.   Quadratus  Lumborum. 


a.  Psoas  Magnus. 

1.  Superior  Vena  Cava. 

2.  Vena  Azygos. 

3.  Anastomosing  Branch. 

4.  Innominate. 

5.  Internal  Mammary. 

6.  Inferior  Communicating. 

7.  Muscular  Branch. 

8.  Vertebral. 

9.  Anterior  Jugular.  [ular. 

10.  Anastomosis  with  External  Jug- 

11.  Cutaneous  Branch. 
13.  Inferior  Tyroid. 

13.  14.  Left  External  Jugular. 

14.  Right  External  Jugular. 

15.  Supra-scapular. 

16.  Muscular  Branch. 

17.  Communicating  Branch  to  In- 

ternal Jugular. 

18.  19.  Communicating  Branches. 

20.  Submental. 

21.  Temporo-maxillary. 

22.  Internal  Jugular. 

23.  Facial. 

24.  Subclavian. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


67 


25.  Cephalic. 

26.  Junction  of  Posterior    Circum- 

flex and  Subscapular. 

27.  Brachial. 

28.  Basilic. 

29.  Muscular  Branch. 

30.  Greater  Anterior  Coronary. 

31.  Lesser  Anterior  Coronary. 

32.  Inferior  Vena  Cava. 

33.  Phrenic  Branch. 

34.  Hepatic. 

35.  Renal. 

36.  Suprarenal. 

37.  Phrenic. 

38.  Spermatic. 


39.  Pulmonary  Artery. 

40.  Left  Pulmonary  Artery. 

41.  Aorta. 

42.  Innominate  Artery. 

43.  Right  Subclavian  Artery. 

44.  Right  Common  Carotid. 

45.  Superior  Thyroid. 

46.  Left  Common  Carotid. 

47.  Left  Subclavian. 

48.  Abdominal  Aorta. 

49.  Cceliac  Axis. 

50.  Superior  Mesenteric. 

51.  Renal. 

52.  Lumbar. 

53.  Inferior  Mesenteric. 


PLATES   XLIII   AND   XLIV. 

VEINS   OF  THE   ARM. 
PIGS.   I   AND   III. 


a.  Deltoid. 

&.  Pectorklis  Major. 

c.  Muscles  of  the  Arm.       [of  Digit. 

1.  Plexus  of  Veins  on  Palmar  side 

2.  Superficial  Palmar  Plexus. 

3.  Carpal  Branches. 

4.  Digital  Veins  of  Thumb. 


5.  Radial. 

6.  Basilic. 

7.  Anastomosing  Branches. 

8.  Ulnar.     Cephalic. 

9.  Median. 

10.  Median  Cephalic. 

11.  Anastomosing  Branches. 


FIGS.    II   AND   IV.      DEEP   VEINS    OF   ARM. 


a.  Clavicle. 

b.  Pectoralis  Major. 

c.  Pectoralis  Minor. 

d.  Deltoid. 

e.  Latissimus  Dorsi. 

/.  Biceps — Short  Head. 

g.  Coraco-brachialis. 

h.  Biceps. 

i.   Its  Long  Head. 

k.  Long  Head  of  Triceps. 

I.   Flexor  Longus'  Digitorum. 

m.  Pronator  Radii  Teres. 

n.  Flexor  Profundus  Uigitorum. 

o.  Its  Tendon. 

p.  Flexor  Carpi  Ulnaris. 

q.  Pronator  Quadratus. 

r.  Brachialis  Anticus. 


s.   Supinator  Longus. 

t.   Flexor  Longus  Pollicis. 

u.  Tendon  of  Flexor  Digitorum. 

v.  Abductor  Minimi  Digiti. 

w.  Adductor  Pollicis. 

1.  Ungual  Arch  of  Digital  Veins. 

2.  Radial  Palmar  Digital  Veins. 

3.  Ulnar  Digital  Veins. 

4.  Anastomoses  with  Dorsal  Veins. 

5.  Digital  Veins. 

6.  Anastomoses  with  Deep  Palmar 

Arch. 

7.  Superficial  Palmar  Arch. 

8.  Beginning  of  Radial  Vein. 

9.  Its  Dorsal  Branch. 

10.  Radial  Vein. 

11.  Muscular  Branch. 


68 


ANGIOLOGY. 


12.  Junction  of   Interosseous   and 

Ulnar  Vein. 

13.  Ulnar  Vein. 

14.  Branches  from  the  Little  Finger. 

15.  Dorsal  Branch. 

16.  17.  Muscular  Branches. 

18.  Same  as  12. 

19.  Muscular  Branch. 

20.  Recurrent  Ulnar  Vein.         [ous. 

21.  Palmar  Branches  of  Interosse- 

22.  Anastomoses  with  Radial. 

23.  Anastomoses  with  Ulnar. 

24.  Internal  Interosseous. 

25.  26.  Muscular  Branches. 
27.  Nutrient  Vein  of  Radius. 


28.  Brachial  Veins. 

29.  Muscular  Branch. 

30.  Anterior  Circumflex. 

31.  Anastomosis  with  Basilic. 

32.  Basilic. 

33.  Junction   of  32    with  Axillary 

Veins. 

34.  Muscular  Branch. 

35.  Collateral  Ulnar. 

36.  Muscular  Branch. 

37.  Subscapular. 

38.  Cephalic. 

39.  Median. 

40.  Brachial  Artery. 

41.  Radial  Artery. 


PLATES   XLV  AND  XLVI. 

VEINS  ON  POSTERIOR  ASPECT  OF  ARM. 
FIGS.   I  AND  II.      SUPERFICIAL   VEINS. 


•Muscles. 


a.  Clavicle 
6.  Deltoid 

c.  Pectoralis  Minor 

d.  Pectoralis  Major 

e.  Coraco-brachialis 
/.  Triceps 

g.  Brachial  Facia. 

1.  Dorsal  Plexus  of  Digital  Veins. 

2.  Radial  Branches  of  Dorsal  Digital. 

3.  Ulnar  Branches  of  Dorsal  Digital. 

4.  Anastomosing  Branches  to  Palmar 

5.  Dorsal  Arch. 

6.  Dorsal  Digital  Branch  of  Thumb. 

7.  Vena  Salvatella. 

8.  Anastomoses  with  Deep  Dorsal. 


9.  Carpal  Veins  of  Dorsal  Surface. 

10.  External  Radial. 

11.  Anterior  Veins  of  Forearm. 

12.  Posterior  Ulnar. 

13.  Anastomoses  with  Anterior  Ul- 

iiar. 

14.  Cephalic. 

15.  Cutaneous  Branches. 

16.  Basilic. 

17.  Median. 

18.  Dorsal  Branches  of  Cephalic. 

19.  Brachial. 

20.  Anterior  Circumflex. 

21.  Subscapular. 

22.  Axillary. 


FIGS.   Ill   AND   IV.      DEEP   VEINS   OF   UPPER   EXTREMITY. 


a. 

b. 
C. 

d. 

e. 

f 

9- 
h. 

i. 


Scapula. 

Clavicle. 

Neck  of  Humerus. 

Infra-spinatus 

Teres  Minor 

Supra-spinatus 

Deltoid 

Triceps 

Brachialis  Anticus  J 


>Muscles. 


k.  Triceps  Muscle. 

I.  Olecranon. 

m.  Subanconeus  Muscle. 

n.  Internal  Condyle. 

o.  Extensor  Communis  Digitorum. 

p.  Ulna. 

q.  Radius. 

r.  Interosseous  Ligament. 

5.  Supinator  Brevis  Muscle. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


69 


t.    Supinator  Longus  Muscle. 

u.  Extensor  Carpi  Radialis  Longoir. 

v.  Extensor  Carpi  Radialis  Brevior. 

w.  Abductor  Longus  Pollicis 

x.  Extensor  Brevis  Pollicis       '   & 

y.  Extensor  Indicis 

2.   Abductor  Minimi  Digiti 

1.  Superficial  Dorsal  Digital  Veins. 

2.  Dorsal  Interosseus. 

3.  4.  Perforating  Veins. 

5.  Dorsal  Branches  of  Radial. 

6.  Branch    to    Dorsal    Digital    of 

Thumb. 

7.  Deep  Dorsal  Plexus. 

8.  Vena  Salvatella. 

9.  Dorsal  Pollicis. 
10.  Radial. 


11.  Anastomoses  with  7. 

12.  Anastomoses  with  2, 

13.  Anastamosis    of   Cephalic   and 

Radial. 

14.  Dorsal  Branch  of  Interosseous. 

15.  Anastomoses  of  Deep  and  Su- 

perficial Veins. 

16.  Anastomosis  with  Cephalic. 

17.  18,  19.  Muscular  Branches. 

20.  External  Interosseous. 

21.  Collateral  Radial. 

22.  Deep  Brachial. 

23.  Muscular  Branches. 

24.  Brachial. 

25.  Posterior  Circumflex. 

26.  Basilic. 

27.  Subscapularis. 


PLATES    XLVII  AND  XLVIII. 

SUPERFICIAL  VEINS  OF  LOWER  EXTREMITY. 


FIG.   I.      INTERNAL 


10 


1.  Branches  from  the  Sole  of  the 

Foot. 

2.  Internal  Dorsal  Digital  Veins. 

3.  External  Dorsal  Digital  Veins. 

4.  Superficial  Metatarsals. 

5.  Superficial  Dorsal  Arch. 

6.  Beginning  of  Long  Saphenous. 

7.  8.  Internal  andExternal  Branches 
9.  Long  Saphenous  Branch. 


11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 


SAPHENOUS. 

,  Anastomosis  with  Posterior  Tib- 

ial  Vein. 

Muscular  Branches. 
Branch  from  the  Knee  Joint. 
Musculo-cutaneous  Branch. 
External  Pudic  Branch. 
Crural  Vein.  [Vein. 

Termination  of  Long  Saphenous 
Musculo-cutaneous  Branch. 


FIG.  II.   EXTERNAL  SAPHENOUS  VEIN. 


1  to  6.  Same  as  Figure  1. 

7.  Deep  Communicating  Branch. 

8.  Beginning  of  Cutaneous  Vein. 

9.  External  Saphenous. 

10.  Anastomosis  with  Anterior  Tib- 
ial. 


11.  Anastomosis  with  Internal  Saph- 

enous. 

12.  Muscular  Branches. 

13.  Termination  of  External  Sapli- 

enous. 

14.  Musculo-cutaneous  Branch. 


FIG.    III.       VEINS    OF  DORSUM    OF    FOOT. 


a.  Tibia. 

b.  Fibula. 

c.  Crucial  Ligament. 

d.  Extensor  Communis  Digitorum. 

e.  Extensor  Longus  Pollicis  Muscle. 
/.   Tibialis  Anticus  Muscle. 


1  to  9.  Same  as  Figure  1. 

10.  Plexus  on  outer  Malleolus. 

11.  Deep   Veins  of  the  Dorsalis 

Pedis. 

12.  Their  Anastomoses. 

13.  Anterior  Tibial  Vein. 


70 


ANGIOLOGY. 


FIG.   IV.      VEINS   OF  THE 

a.  Tibia. 

6.  Fibula. 

c.  Calcaneum. 

d.  Long  Calcaneo-cuboidLigament. 

e.  Interossei  Muscles. 

/.   Tendons  of  Flexor  Longus  Dig- 

itorum. 

1,  2.  Digital  Plantar  Veins. 
3.  Their  Phalangeal  Anastomoses. 


PLANTAR    SURFACE    OF   FOOT. 

4.  Plantar  Interosseous. 

5.  External  Plantar  Vein. 

6.  Anastomosing   Branch    to   An- 

terior Tibial. 

7.  Calcaneoid  Branches. 

8.  Internal  Plantar  Vein. 

9.  Dorsal  Cutaneous  Branch. 

10.  Internal  Malleolar  Branch. 

11.  Posterior  Tibial  Vein. 


PLATES  XLIX  AND   L. 

FIG.   I.      ANTERIOR  TIBIAL   VEIN. 


a.  Tibia. 

6.  External  Malleolus. 

c.  Tibialis  Anticus  Muscle. 

d.  Extensor  Communis  Digitorum. 

e.  Its  Tendon. 

/.   Extensor  Longus  Hallucis  Muscle 

«/  cj 

g.  Tarsus. 

h.  Abductor  Minimi  Digiti  Muscle. 

1.  Superficial  Digital  Veins. 

2.  Deep  Branches. 

3.  Branch  to  Sole  of  Foot. 

4.  Radices  of  Internal  Saphenous. 


5.  Interosseous  Veins. 

6.  Perforating  Branches. 

7.  Deep  Dorsal  Arch. 

8.  Anterior  Tibial  Vein. 

9.  Internal  Malleolar  Vein. 

10.  External  Malleolar  Vein. 

11.  Branch  of  Peroneal  Vein. 

12.  Anastomosis  with  Anterior  Tib- 

ial. 

13.  Anterior  Tibial  Veins. 

14.  Recurrent  Tibial. 

15.  Anterior  Tibial  Artery. 


FIG.   II.   POSTERIOR   TIBIAL   AND   PERONEAL   VEINS. 


a. 

b, 

d. 

e.. 

f 

9- 

h. 

i. 

k. 

I.' 

m 

n. 

o. 

P- 

V- 
1. 

2. 


s 

P 


Gracilis 

c.  Biceps  Femoris 
Semi-membranosus 
Semi-tendinosus 
Gastrocnemius 
Plantaris 
Soleus 
Popliteus 
Tibialis  Posticus 
Flexor  Longus  Hallucis 
,  Peroneus  Longus 
External  Malleolus.          [itorum. 
Tendon  of  Flexor  Communis  Dig- 
Tendo  Achillis. 
Calcaneum. 

Peroneal  Veins.  [leolar. 

Anastomosis  with  External  Mai- 


3,  4.  Muscular  Branches. 

5.  Posterior  Tibial. 

6,  7,  8,  9.  Muscular  and  Communi- 

cating Branches. 
10    Nutrient  Vein. 

11.  Muscular  Branch. 

12.  Peroneal  Vein. 

13.  Posterior  Tibial. 

14.  Popliteal. 

15.  Superior  External  Articular  Vein 

16.  Inferior  Internal  Articular. 

17.  Muscular  Branch. 

18.  Superior  Internal  Articular. 

19.  Muscular  Branch. 

20.  Popliteal  Artery. 

21.  Posterior  Tibial  Artery. 

22.  Peroneal  Artery. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


71 


FIG.  in. 


a.  Lumbar  Vertebrae. 
6.  Sacrum. 

c.  Ilium. 

d.  Great  Sacro-sciatic  Notch. 

e.  Tuberosity  of  Ischium. 
/.    Sacro-sciatic  Ligament. 
g.  Trochanter  Major. 

h.  Obturator  Interims.-^ 

i,  k.  Gemelli. 

I.    Pyriformis  >Muscles. 

ra.  Gluteus  Minimus 

n.  Gluteus  Medius       J 


0.  Gluteus  Maximus    > 
p.  Quadratus  Femoris 

q.  Obturator  Externus  >Muscles. 
r.  Adductor  Magnus 
s.  Semi-membranosus  J 

1.  Internal  Iliac  Vein. 

2.  Gluteal. 

3.  Anastomosis  with  Ischiatic. 

4.  Superior  Circumflex  Ilii. 

5.  Inferior  Circumflex  Ilii. 
6  to  12.  Muscular  Branches. 
9.  Ischiatic  Vein. 


PLATES   LI  AND   LII. 

PELVIC  VEINS. 


a. 
6. 
c. 
d. 
e. 
/. 

9- 

h. 

i. 

k. 

I 

m, 

n. 

o. 

P- 

?• 
1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 


Muscles. 


Crest  of  Ilium. 

Symphysis  Pubis. 

Tuberosity  of  Ischium. 

Spine  of  Ischium. 

Lesser  Sacro-sciatic  Ligament. 

Greater  Sacro-sciatic  Ligament. 

Great  Sacro-sciatic  Notch. 

Sacrum. 

Iliacus 

Quadratus  Lumborum 

Psoas  Muscle. 

Kidney. 

Ureter. 

Suprarenal  Capsule. 

Diaphragm. 

Obturator  Nerve. 

Abdominal  Aorta. 

Coeliac  Axis. 

Superior  Mesenteric  Artery. 

Vena  Cava  Inferior. 

Renal  Vein. 

Renal  Branch. 


7.  Supra-renal  Branch. 

8.  Lumbar  Veins. 

9.  Their  Anastomoses. 

10.  Muscular  Branch. 

11.  Ilio-lumbar  Vein. 

12.  Circumflex  Iliac. 

13.  Spermatic  Vein. 

14.  Common  Iliac  Vein. 

15.  External  Iliac. 

16.  Internal  Iliac. 

17.  Ilio-lumbar. 

18.  Fourth  Lumbar. 

19.  Sacra  Media. 

20.  Ischiatic. 

21.  Anastomosis  with  middle  Sacral. 

22.  Anastomosis  with  Gluteal. 

23.  Comes  Nervi  Ischiadici. 

24.  Anastomosis  with  Hemorrhoidal. 

25.  Branch  of  Vesical  Plexus. 

26.  Origin  of  Gluteal  Vein. 

27.  Gluteal  Vein. 


PLATES   LIII  AND  LIV. 

VENA   PORT^E. 


a.  Diaphragm. 

b.  Liver. 

c.  Round  Ligament  of  Liver. 

d.  Spleen. 


e.  Kidney. 

/.  Pyloric  End  of  Stomach. 

g.  Pyloric  Valve. 

h.  Duodenum. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


i.   Jejunum. 

k.  Caecum. 

I.    Anterior  Colic  Ligament. 

m.  Ascending  Colon. 

n.  Descending  Colon. 

0.  Sigmoid  Flexure. 
p.  Bladder. 

q.  Ureter 

r.  Pubes. 

s.   Ilium. 

t.  Acetabulum. 

u.  Obturator  Externus. 

v.  Crus  Penis. 

w.  Accelerator  Urinee. 

x.  Urethra. 

y.  Corpora  Cavernosa  Penis. 

z.  Suspensory  Ligament. 

1.  Abdominal  Aorta. 

2.  Common  Iliac. 

3.  Internal  Iliac. 


4.  External  Iliac  Artery. 

5.  Vena  Cava  Ascendens. 

6.  Common  Iliac  Vein. 

7.  Internal  Iliac  Vein. 

8.  External  Iliac  Vein. 

9.  Vena  Portse. 

10.  Origin  of  Phrenic  Gastric  Veins. 

11.  Colica  Media. 

12.  Left  Branch  of  Colica  Media. 
12.  Its  junction  with  the  Mesenteric. 

14.  Inferior  Mesenteric. 

15.  Colica    Sinistra    and    Hemorr- 

hoidal. 

16.  Splenic  Vein.  [  Vein. 

17.  Branches  of  Superior  Mesenteric 

18.  Ileo-colic  Vein. 

19.  Csecal  Vein. 

20.  Gastro-epiploica.  [tra. 

21.  Gastro-epiploica  Dextra  et  Sinis- 

22.  Gastric  Vein. 


FIGS.  I   AND   II. 


PLATES    LV  AND   LVI. 

SINUSES   OP   THE    BRAIN   AND   VENOUS   PLEXUS   OF 
THE    SPINAL   CORD. 


a.  Dura  Mater. 

b.  Cerebellar  Portion. 

c.  Cranial  Bones. 

d.  Mastoid  Process. 

e.  Foramen  Magnum. 
/.  Lower  Jaw. 

g.  Atlas. 

h.  Axis.  [Vertebrae. 

i.   Transverse  Processes  of  Cervical 
k.  Transverse   Processes   of  Dorsal 

and  Lumbar. 
I.   Spinal  Cord. 
m.  Ribs. 
n.  Spinal  Nerves. 


0.  Cauda  Equina. 
p.  Sacrum. 

q.  Coccyx. 

1.  Superior  Longitudinal  Sinus. 

2.  Vena  Sartorium. 

3.  Transverse  Sinus. 

4.  Torcular  Herophili. 

5.  Occipital. 

6.  Middle  Meningeal  Vein. 

7.  Posterior  Meningeal  Vein. 

8.  External  Vertebral  Vein. 

9.  Occipital  Vein. 

10.  Posterior  Longitudinal  Veins. 

11.  Transverse  Branches. 


FIG.    III.      SECTIONAL    VIEW    OF    LOWER   JAW. 


a.  Ramus. 

b.  Body. 

c.  Angle. 

d.  Condyle. 

e.  Sigmoid  Notch. 


/.  Coronoid  Process. 

g.  Diplce. 

h.  Incisor  Teeth. 

i.  Canine. 

k.  Molars. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


73 


1.  Inferior  Dental  Artery. 

2.  Inferior  Maxillary  Nerve. 

3.  Inferior  Maxillary  Veins. 


4.  Dental  Branches. 

5.  Anastomosis  of  4. 

6.  Nutrient  Branches. 


FIG.    IV.       DORSAL     VERTEBRA. 
FIG.      V.       LUMBAR   VERTEBRA. 


TRANSVERSE    SECTION. 


a.  Body. 

6.  Transverse  Process. 

c.  Spinous  Process. 

d.  Spinal  Canal. 

1.  Anterior  Longitudinal  Veins. 


2.  Posterior  Branches. 

3.  Anterior  Plexus. 

4.  5.  Vense  Basis  Vertebrarum. 
6.  Lateral  Branches. 


PLATES   LVII  AND   LVIII. 

VEINS  OF  BRAIN  AND  SPINAL  CORD. 
FIGS.   I  AND  II.      ANTERIOR   ASPECT   OF   CEREBRO-SPINAL  AXIS. 


a. 

6. 
C. 

d. 
e. 
f. 

9> 

h. 

i. 

k. 

I. 

m, 

n. 

o. 

P- 

?• 
r. 

s. 
t. 
u. 

V. 
IV. 

X. 

I. 

2. 


Section  of  Parietal  Bones. 

Section  of  Occipital  Bone. 

Foramen  Magnum.  [tebrse. 

Posterior  Portion  of  Arch  of  Ver- 

Transverse  processes. 

First  Rib. 

Second  to  Twelfth  Rib. 

Anterior  Lobes  of  the  Brain. 

Middle  Lobes. 

Cerebellum. 

Optic  Commissure. 

Optic  Nerve. 

Patheticus. 

Abducens. 

Motor  Oculi. 

Trigeminus. 

Medulla  Oblongata. 

Spinal  Cord. 

Intercostal  Nerves. 

Intercostal  Muscles. 

Sacral  Nerves. 

Sacrum. 

Coccyx.  [Veins. 

Branches  of  Anterior  Menhigcal 

Spheno-parietal  Vein. 


3.  Ophthalmic  Vein. 

4.  Middle  Meningeal. 

5.  Circular  and  Cavernous  Sinuses. 

6.  Lateral  Sinus. 

7.  Small  Cerebral  Branches. 

8.  Vertebral  Vein. 

9.  Communicating  Branches. 

10.  Vertebral  Vein. 

11.  Anterior  Longitudinal  Vein. 

12.  Anterior  Branches. 

13.  Inter-vertebral  Branches. 

14.  Intercostals. 

15.  Ascending  Lumbar. 

16.  Last  Intercostals.  [bar. 

17.  Termination  of  Ascending  Lum- 

18.  Anastomosing  Branches  to  Long- 

itudinal Veins. 

19.  Anterior  Sacral.  [Vein. 

20.  Origin  of  Anterior  Longitudinal 

21.  Internal  Carotid  Artery. 

22.  Middle  Meningeal  Artery. 

23.  Vertebral  Artery. 

24.  Intercostal  Arteries. 

25.  Lumbar  Branches  to  Spinal  Cord 

26.  Anterior  Sacral  Arteries. 


FIG.    III. 


a.  Body  of  Vertebra. 

b.  Arch. 


SECTION   OF   SPINAL  CANAL,    SHOWING   ANTERIOR 
LONGITUDINAL   VEIN. 

c.  Transverse  Process. 

d.  Anterior  Common  Ligament. 


74 


ANGIOLOGY. 


e.  Same,  removed  to  show  Veins. 

1.  Anterior  Longitudinal  Veins. 

2.  Anterior  Branches,  Transverse. 


3.  Same,  covered  by  d. 

4.  Lateral  Communicating  Branches 


PLATES    LIX  AND   LX. 


LYMPHATICS    OF    HEAD    AND    NECK. 


a, 

d. 

e. 

/. 

g. 

h. 

i. 

k. 

I. 

m. 

n. 

o. 

p. 

q. 

r. 

s. 

t. 

u. 

v. 

w. 

x. 

y. 

z. 

a. 


6,  c.  Occipito-frontalis. 
Temporal  Muscle. 
Upper  Eyelid. 
Levator  Palpebrse 
Section  of  Frontal  Bone, 
Frontal  Sinus. 
Eye  Ball. 

Rectus  Superior  of  Eye 
Rectus  Externus. 
Optic  Nerve. 
Rectus  Inferior. 
Lower  Eyelid. 

Obliquus  Inferior.  [Nasi. 

Levator  Labii  Superioris  Alaeque 
Compressor  Naris. 
Levator  Anguli  Oris. 
Upper  Maxilla. 
Its  Malar  Process. 
Orbicularis  Oris. 
Buccinator. 
Glenoid  Fossa. 
Zygomatic  Process. 
Mastoid  Process. 
Tongue. 

Sublingual  Gland. 
Pharynx. 
Lower  Jaw. 
£,  Genio-glossus. 
Genio-hyoid. 
Hyo-glossus. 
Stylo-glossus. 
Os  Hyoides. 

Thyro-hyoid  Membrane. 
Larynx. 

Thyroid  Gland. 
Trachea. 

Obliquus  Capitis  Inferior. 
Trachelo-mastoid. 


p.  Complexus  et  Biventer  Cervicis. 

a.  Trapezius. 

u.  Splenius  Capitis. 

v,   Supra-spinatus. 

<p.  Levator  Anguli  Scapulae. 

x.   Ribs. 

(p.  Intercostal  Muscles. 

a1.  Frontal  Nerve. 

b1.  Infraorbital  Nerve. 

c1.   Buccal  Branch. 

d1.  Lingual  Branch  of  Fifth  Nerve, 

e1.  Hypo-glossal  Nerve. 

f1.  Glosso-pharyngeus. 

g1.  Sympathetic  Nerve. 

hl,  Pneumogastric. 

i1.   Nervus  Accessorius  Willisi. 

k1.  Occipital  Nerve. 

1.  Pulmonary  Artery. 

2.  Arch  of  the  Aorta. 

3.  Left  Subclavian. 

4.  Common  Carotid. 

5.  External  Carotid. 

6.  Superior  Thyroid. 

7.  Lingual. 

8.  Facial. 

9.  Occipital. 

10.  Anterior  Auricular. 

11.  Temporal. 

12.  Internal  Maxillary. 

13.  Deep  Temporal. 

14.  Middle  Meningeal. 

15.  Infra-orbital  Artery. 

16.  Vena  Cava  Superior. 

17.  Innominate  Vein. 

18.  Subclavian  Vein. 

19.  Jugular  Vein. 

20.  Inferior  Thyroid. 

21.  Vertebral. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


75 


22.  External  Jugular. 

23,  24.  Internal  Jugular. 

25.  Facial  Vein. 

26.  Superior  Thyroid. 

27.  Lingual. 

28.  Facial. 

29.  Pharyngeal. 

30.  Meningeal. 

31.  Internal  Cephalic. 

32.  Temporal. 

33.  Occipital  Vein. 

34.  Occipital  Lymphatic  Glands. 


35.  Temporal  Lymphatics. 

36.  Lingual  Glands. 

37.  Deep  Lymph  Vessels  of  the  Face. 

39.  Deep  Facial  Glands. 

40.  Superficial  Cervical  Vessels. 

41.  Superficial  Cervical  Glands. 

42.  Internal  Jugular  Plexus. 

43.  Superior,  Deep  Cervical  Glands. 

44.  Inferior  Deep  Cervical  Glands. 

45.  Tracheal  Glands. 

46,47.  Inferior  and  superiorBranches 
forming  the  Lymphatic  Duct. 


PLATES  LXI  AND   LXIJ. 

LYMPHATICS    OF  THE    EXTREMITIES. 
FIG.   I.      LYMPHATICS   OF  THE    UPPER   EXTREMITY. 


a,  b.  Deltoid. 

c.  Pectoralis  Major. 

d.  Latissimus  Dorsi. 

e.  Teres  Major. 

/.  Sub-scapularis. 
g.  Nerves  of  the  Arm. 
h.  Axillary  Artery. 
i.  Axillary  Vein. 
k.  Cephalic  Vein. 
I.   Ulnar  Artery. 


ra.  Radial  Artery. 

1.  Lymphatics  of  the  Fingers. 

2.  Lymphatics  of  the  Carpus. 

3.  Dorsal  Lymphatics. 

4.  Superficial  Vessels  of  Forearm. 

5.  Superficial  Glands  of  the  Elbow- 

joint. 

6  Superficial  Lymphatics  of  the  arm. 
7.  Axillary  Glands. 


FIG.   II.     SUPERFICIAL   LYMPHATICS   OF   THE   LEG. 


1.  Internal  Saphenous  Vein. 

2.  Lymphatics  of  the  Ball  of  the  foot. 

3.  From  the  Toes  and  Dorsum  of 

the  Foot.  [  Leg. 

4.  Internal  Lymph  Vessels  of  the 


5.  Anterior  Lymphatics  of  the  Leg. 

6.  Internal  and  Anterior  Vessels  of 

the  Thigh. 

7.  Inguinal  Glands. 


PLATES   LXIII   AND   LXIV. 

LYMPHATICS    OF   THE    INTESTINES    AND    MESENTERY. 


a.  Abdominal  Walls — Anterior. 

b.  Last  Dorsal  Vertebra. 

c.  False  Ribs. 

d.  Transversalis  Abdominis. 

e.  Quadratua  Lumborum. 
/.  Duodenum. 

g.  Jejunum. 


h.  Ileum. 

i.    Mesentery. 

1.  Abdominal  Aorta. 

2.  Vena  Cava  Inferior. 

3.  Lacteals  of  Small  Intestines. 

4.  Mesenteric  Glands. 

5.  Thoracic  Duct. 


76 


ANGIOLOGY. 


6.  Division   and   Plexiform  Inter- 

lacement of  5. 

7.  Inter-costal  Glands. 

8.  Their  Trunk  which  joins  with  5. 


9.  Posterior  Mediastinal  Glands. 

10.  Duct    from    the    Inter-costal 

Glands. 

11.  Their  Duct  to  the  Thoracic  Duct. 


PLATES   LXV  AND    LXVL 

LYMPHATICS  OF  THE  ABDOMEN. 


a. 

b, 
e. 

/• 

9- 
h. 

i. 

k. 

L 

m 

n. 

o. 

P- 

q- 

r. 

s. 

t. 

u. 

v. 

w. 

X. 

y- 

z. 
a. 

f. 

r- 
d. 

e. 

c- 

1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 

6. 

7. 


Eleventh  Dorsal  Vertebra, 
d.  Ninth  to  Eleventh  Ribo 
Fifth  Lumbar  Vertebra. 
Sacrum. 

Crest  of  the  Ilium. 
Pubes. 

Abdominal  Wall,  Reflected. 
Iliacus. 

Quadratus  Lumborum. 
Psoas  Muscle. 
Transversalis. 
Liver. 
Spleen. 
Kidney. 

Supra-renal  Capsule. 
Ureter. 
Bladder. 
Uterus. 

Fallopian  Tube. 
Fimbriated  Extremity. 
Ovary. 

Broad  Ligament  of  Uterus. 
Rectum. 

Branch  of  last  Dorsal  Nerve. 
Branch  of  First  Lumbar  Nerve. 
Branch    of    Second    and    First 

Lumbar. 
Branch  of  First  Lumbar  — right 

side. 
Branch  of  Second  Lumbar — same 


Crural  Nerve. 
Abdominal  Aorta. 
Coaliac  Axis. 
Splenic  Artery. 
Superior  Mesenteric. 
Renal  Artery. 
Spermatic  Artery. 
Inferior  Mesenteric. 


[side. 


8.  Sacra  Media. 

9.  Common  Iliac. 

10.  Femoral. 

11.  Internal  Iliac. 

12.  Ilio-lumbar. 

13.  Inferior  Lumbar. 

14.  Circumflex  Iliac. 

15.  Epigastric. 

16.  Internal  Pudic. 

17.  External  Pudic. 

18.  Branch  to  Fallopian  Tube  from 

Spermatic. 

19.  Branch  of  same  to  Fundus  Uteri. 

20.  Ovarian  Branch  of    Spermatic 

21.  Vena  Azygos.  [Artery. 

22.  Vena  Cava  Inferior. 

23.  Supra-renal  Vein. 

24.  Renal  Vein. 

25.  Spermatic  Vein. 

26.  Plexus  Pampiniformis. 

27.  Commom  Iliac  Vein. 

28.  Middle  Sacral. 

29.  External  Iliac. 

30.  Circumflex  Iliac. 

31.  Epigastric. 

32.  Internal  Iliac. 

33.  Vaginal  Branch  of  32. 

34.  Splenic  Vein. 

35.  Superficial  Lymphatics  of  Thigh 

36.  Superficial  Lymphatics  of  Hips 

and  Gluteal  Region. 

37.  Inguinal  Glands. 

38.  Circumflex  Iliac  Lymphatics. 

39.  Superior  Iliac  Glands. 

40.  Ilio-lumbar  Lymph  Vessels. 

41.  Epigastric  Plexus. 

42.  Sacral  Plexus. 

43.  Internal  Iliac  Plexus. 


ANGIOLOGY. 


77 


44.  External  Iliac  Plexus. 

45.  Lumbar  Plexus. 

46.  Spermatic  Lymphatics. 

47.  Supra-renal.  [neys. 

48.  Superficial  Lymphatics  of  Kid- 

49.  Trunks  of  Superficial  and  Deep 

Lymphatics  of  the  Kidney. 

50.  Colic  Plexus. 


51.  Splenic  Lymphatics,      [phatics. 

52.  Superficial  and  deep  splenic  lym- 

53.  Pancreatico-splenic  Plexus. 

54.  Superficial  Lymphatics  of  Liver 

55.  Right  Lumbar  Trunk  to  Thoracic 

Duct. 

56.  Left  Lumbar  trunk  to  Thoracic 

57.  Thoracic  Duct.  [Duct. 


PLALES    LXVII  AND  LXVIII. 


a. 
6. 
c. 
d. 

e. 

/• 

9- 
h. 

i. 

k. 

I. 

m 

n. 

o. 

P- 
<L- 
r. 

s. 
t. 
u. 

V. 

w. 

X. 

y- 

z. 
a. 

£ 

r- 
i. 
2. 

3. 

4. 
5. 
6. 

7. 


MAIN    TRUNKS   OF 

Cervical  Vertebrae. 

Dorsal  Vertebra. 

Lumbar  Vertebrae. 

Ribs. 

Clavicle. 

Crest  of  Ilium. 

Sacrum. 

Superior  Ileo-lumbar  Ligament. 

Iliacus. 

Psoas. 

Transversalis. 

Quadratus  Lumborum. 

Latissimus  Dorsi. 

Intercostals. 

Subscapularis. 

Brachialis  Anticus. 

Biceps. 

Coraco-brachialis. 

Pectoralis  Major. 

Deltoid. 

Pectoralis  Minor. 

Trapezius. 

Levator  Anguli  Scapula. 

Scalenus  Anticus. 

Longus  Colli. 

Lumbar  Nerves. 

Crural  Nerves. 

Obturator  Nerve. 

Subclavian  Artery. 

Vertebral  Artery. 

Axillary  Artery. 

Intercostal  Arteries. 

Lumbar  Arteries. 

Innominate  Vein. 

Vertebral  Vein. 


LYMPHATIC    SYSTEM. 

8.  External  Jugular. 

9.  Internal  Jugular. 

10.  Subclavian  Vein. 

11.  Cephalic  Vein. 

12.  Basilic  Vein. 

13.  Scapular  Veins. 

14.  Vena  Azygos. 

15.  Intercostal. 

16.  Superior  Intercostal — right  side. 

17.  Intercostal  Veins. 

18.  Muscular  Branches. 

19.  Lumbar. 

20.  Ascending  Lumbar. 

21.  Ilio-lumbar  Vein. 

22.  Sacral  Plexus  Lymphatic. 

23.  Internal  Iliac  Plexus. 

24.  External  Iliac  Plexus. 

25.  Superior  Iliac  Glands. 

26.  Lumbar  Plexus. 

27.  Branches  from  the  Renal  Plexus 

28.  Left  Lumbar  Trunk. 

29.  Right  Lumbar  Trunk. 

30.  Thoracic  Duct. 

31.  Intercostal  Lymph  Vessels  and 

Glands. 

32.  Deep  Lymphatics — Upper  Ex- 

tremity. 

33.  Left  Thoracic  Lymphatics. 

34.  Axillary  Glands. 

35.  Subclavian  Trunk.          [Group. 

36.  Deep  Cervical  Glands — Inferior 

37.  Trunk  from  Superior  Deep  Cerv- 

ical Glands. 

38.  Jugular  Lymphatic  Trunk. 

39.  Right  Lymphatic  Duct. 


NEUROLOGY. 


NEUROLOGY. 


PLATES  I  AND  II. 


FIG.    I.       LONGITUDINAL  SECTION  OF  BRAIN. 


a.  Frontal  Sinus. 

6.  Cribriform  Plate  of  Ethmoid. 

c.  Sphenoidal  Sinus. 

d.  Sella  Turcica. 

e.  Posterior  Clinoid  Processes. 
/.   Basilar  Groove. 

g.  Basilar  Process  of  Occipital. 
h.  Occipital  Bone. 
i,   Falx  Cerebri. 
k.  Falx  Cerebelli. 

1.  Gyrus  Fornicatus. 

2.  Its  Lower  Portion. 

3.  Corpus  Callosum. 

4.  Its  Arch. 

5.  Its  Genu. 

6.  Apex  of  Genu. 

7.  Septum  Lucidum. 

8.  Fornix. 

9.  Its  Left  Anterior  Crus. 

10.  Its  Left  Posterior  Crus. 

11.  Choroid  Plexus. 

12.  Thalamus  Opticus. 

13.  Foramen  of  Monro. 

14.  Right  Anterior  Crus  of  Fornix. 


15.  Anterior  Commissure. 

16.  Corpus  Mammillare. 

17.  Tuber  Cinereum. 

18.  Optic  Commissure. 

19.  Optic  Nerve. 

20.  Motor  Oculi. 

21.  Pituitary  Body. 

22.  Infundibulum. 

23.  Trochlearis. 

24.  Pons  Varolii. 

25.  Peduncles  of  Cerebrum. 

26.  Anterior  Margin  of  Fissure   of 

Sylvius. 

27.  Corpora  Quadrigemina. 

28.  Pineal  Gland. 

29.  Roof  of  Fourth  Ventricle. 

30.  Posterior  Margin  of  Fissure  of 

Sylvius. 

31.  Floor  of  Fourth  Ventricle. 

32.  Medulla  Oblongata. 

33.  Processus  e  cerebello  ad  testes. 

34.  Vermiform  Process. 

35.  Its  Divisions. 

36.  Cerebellum. 


FIG.    II.       SECTION  OF  BRAIN  EXPOSING  ONE  OF  THE  LATERAL  VENTRICLES. 


a.  Cranial  Bones. 
6.  Internal  Frontal  Crest. 
Dura  Mater. 


c. 

d.  Falx  Cerebelli. 

e.  Its  Two  Divisions. 
/,  1.  Centrum  Ovale. 

2.  Corpus  Callosum. 

3.  Genu. 

4.  Arch. 

78 


5,  6.  Striae  Longitudinales. 

7.  Corpus  Striatum. 

8.  Its  Head. 

9.  Taenia  Semi  circularis. 

10.  Fornix. 

11.  Posterior  Crus. 

12.  Hippocampus  Major. 

13.  Choroid  Plexus. 

14.  Thalamus  Opticus. 


NEUROLOGY. 


79 


FIG.  III.       SECTION  OF  CEREBRUM,  EXPOSING  BOTH  LATERAL  VENTRICLES. 


a  to  e.  Same  as  in  Figure  2. 

1.  Corpus  .Callosum. 

2.  Genu. 

3.  Striae  Longitudinales. 

4.  Fasciculi  Medullares. 

5.  Arch  of  Corpus  Callosum.  [tricle. 

6.  Anterior  Cornu  of  Lateral  Ven- 


7.  Posterior  Cornu  of  Same. 

8.  Corpus  Striatum. 

9.  Tsenia  Semi  circularis. 

10.  Choroid  Plexus. 

11.  Middle  Cornu. 

12.  Pes  Hippocampus. 


FIG.   IV.      SECTION  OF  CEREBRUM,  EXPOSING  THE  THIRD  VENTRICLE. 


a.  to  d.  Same  as  Figure  2. 

1.  Frontal  Lobe. 

2.  Occipital  Lobe. 

3.  Middle  Lobe. 

4.  Centrum  Ovale. 

5.  Genu  of  Corpus  Callosum. 

6.  Septum  Lucidum. 

7.  Fifth  Ventricle. 

8.  Anterior  Crura  of  Fornix. 

9.  Corpus  Striatum. 

10.  Anterior  Portion. 

11.  Tsenia  Semi  circularis. 

12.  Thalamus  Opticus. 

13.  Eminentia  Collateralis. 


14.  Posterior  Tubercle. 

15.  Anterior  Commissure. 

16.  Soft  Commissure. 

17.  Third  Ventricle. 

18.  Posterior  Commissure. 

19.  Peduncles  of  Pineal  Gland. 

20.  Pineal  Gland. 

21.  Corpora  Quadrigemina. 

22.  Lyra. 

23.  Posterior  Crura  of  Fornix. 

24.  Hippocampus  Major. 

25.  Pes  Accessorius. 

26.  Fascia  Dentata. 

27.  Corpus  Fimbriatum. 


FIG.    V.      INFERIOR  SURFACE  OF  CEREBRUM;  CEREBELLUM  AND 
PONS  VAROLII  REMOVED. 


1.  Anterior  Lobe. 

2.  Middle  Lobe. 

3.  Posterior  Lobe. 

4.  Reticular  Substance. 

5.  Fissure  of  Sylvius. 

6.  Olfactory  Nerve. 

7.  Its  Roots. 

8.  Lamina  Cinerea. 

9.  Anterior  Perforated  Space. 

10.  Optic  Nerve. 

11.  Optic  Commissure. 

12.  Optic  Tract. 

13.  Pituitary  Body. 

14.  Tuber  Cinereum. 


15.  Corpora  Albicantia. 

16.  Posterior  Perforated  Space. 

17.  Motor  Oculi  Nerve. 

18.  Crura  Cerebri. 

19.  Pons  Varolii. 

20.  Aquseductus  Sylvii. 

21.  22.  Corpora  Geniculata. 

23.  Middle  Cornu  of  Lateral  Ven- 

tricle. 

24.  Arch  of  Corpus  Callosum. 

25.  Lyra. 

26.  Hippocampus  Major. 

27.  Pes  Accessorius. 

28.  Corpus  Fimbriatum. 


FIG.    VI.      CEREBELLUM,  PONS  VAROLII  AND  MEDULLA  OBLONGATA. 


1.  Pons  Varolii. 

2.  Middle  Peduncles. 


3.  Abducens  Nerve. 

4.  Anterior  Fissure. 


80 


NEUROLOGY. 


5.  Foramen  Caecum. 

6.  Pyramids. 

7.  Olivary  Body. 

8.  Arciform  Fibres. 

9.  Restiform  Bodies. 

10.  Inferior  Longitudinal  Fissure. 

11.  Flocculus. 


12.  Lobus  Quadratus. 

13.  Lobus  Biventer. 

14.  Tonsil. 

15.  16.  Lobus  Gracilis. 

17.  Lobus  Semilunaris. 

18.  Inferior  Vermiform  Process. 

19.  Pyramids. 


FIG.    VII.      CEREBELLUM,  UNDER  SURFACE. 

6.  Flocculus. 


1.  Cerebellum. 

2.  Tonsils. 

3.  Processus  e  Cerebello  ad  Testes. 

4.  Nodulus. 

5.  Velum  Medullare. 


7,  8,  9.  Uvula. 

10.  Pyramids. 

11.  Inferior  Transverse  Lamella. 


FIG.    VIII.      SECTION  OF  CEREBELLUM. 


1.  Incisura  Cerebelli  Anterior. 

2.  Pons  Varolii. 
3-5.  Arbor  VitsB. 


4.  Corpus  Deiitatum. 

5.  Laminae  of  Arbor  Vitse. 


PLATES  III  AND  IV. 


FIG.    I.      UNDER  SURFACE  OF  THE  BRAIN. 


1.  Anterior  Lobes. 

2.  Middle  Lobes. 

3.  Posterior  Lobes. 

4.  Convolutions  of  Cerebrum. 

5.  Sulci. 

6.  Fissure  of  Sylvius. 

7.  Reticular  Substance. 

8.  Longitudinal  Fissure. 

9.  Infundibulum. 

10.  Tuber  Cinereum. 

11.  Corpora  Mammillaria. 

12.  Crura  Cerebri. 

13.  Pons  Varolii. 

14.  Medulla  Oblongata. 

15.  Olivary  Bodies. 

16.  Lobus  Quadratus. 

17.  Lobus  Biventer. 

18.  Tonsils. 


19.  Inferior  Semilunar  Lobe. 

20.  Superior  Semilunar  Lobe. 

21.  Valley. 

22.  Olfactory  Nerve. 

23.  Its  Roots. 

24.  Optic  Nerve. 

25.  Optic  Commissure. 

26.  Optic  Tract. 

27.  Motor  Oculi  Nerve. 

28.  Patheticus  Nerve. 

29.  Trifacial  Nerve. 

30.  Abducens  Nerve. 

31.  Portio  Dura  Nerve.     ) 

32.  Portio  Mollis  Nerve.  ) 

33.  Glosso-pharyngeal  Nerve. 

34.  Pneumogastric  Nerve. 

35.  Hypo-glossal  Nerve. 


FIG.    II.      SUPERIOR  ASPECT  OF  THE  VENTRICLES  OF  THE  BRAIN. 


1.  Substance  of  Hemispheres. 

2.  Corpus  Callosum. 


3.  Septum  Lucidum.  [tricle. 

4.  Anterior  Cornu  of  Lateral  Ven- 


NEUROLOGY. 


5.  Corpus  Striatum. 

6.  Head. 

7.  Tamia  Semi  circularis. 

8.  Thalamus  Opticus. 

9.  Anterior  Commissure. 

10.  Anterior  Crura  of  Fornix. 

11.  Fornix. 

12.  Soft  Commissure. 

13.  Third  Ventricle. 

14.  Posterior  Commissure. 

15.  Peduncles  of  Pineal  Gland. 

16.  Pineal  Gland. 

17.  Choroid  Plexus. 

18.  Posterior  Crura  of  Fornix. 

19.  Testes. 


20.  Nates. 

21.  Brachia. 

22.  Crura  Cerebri. 

23.  Iter  e  Tertio  ad  Quartum  Ven- 

triculum. 

24.  Median  Fissure. 

25.  Fourth  Ventricle. 
26-31.  Calamus  Scriptorius. 

27.  Locus  Cceruleus. 

28.  Taenia  Violacea. 

29.  Origin  of  Auditory  Nerve. 

30.  Crura  Cerebelli  ad  Pontem. 

31.  Apex. 

32.  Posterior  Median  Fissure. 

33.  Restiform  Bodies. 


FIG.    III.      SECTION  OP  MEDULLA,  PONS,  AND  PART  OF  BASE  OF  CEREBRUM. 


1.  Anterior  Lobe. 

2.  Middle  Lobe. 

3.  Anterior  Perforated  Space. 

4.  Corpora  Mammillaria. 

5.  Anterior  Commissure. 

6.  Middle  Commissure. 

7.  Third  Ventricle. 

8.  Thalamus  Opticus. 

9.  Posterior  Commissure. 

10.  14.  Valve  of  Vieussens. 

11.  Corpus  Dentatum. 

12.  Corpus  Fimbriatum. 


13.  Iter  ad  Infundibulum. 

14.  Transverse  Lamina. 

15.  Velum  Anterius. 

16.  Chordae. 

17.  Peduncles  of  Cerebrum. 

18.  Pons  Varolii. 

19.  Section  of  Same. 

20.  Septum  of  Medulla  Oblongata. 

21.  Medulla  Oblongata. 

22.  Fourth  Ventricle. 

23.  Inferior  Vermiform  Process. 

24.  Tonsils. 


FIG.    IV.      PORTION  OF  CHOROID  PLEXUS  OF   LATERAL  VENTRICLE  MAGNIFIED. 

1.  Branches  of  Vessels.  |  2.  Plexas. 

FIG.    V.      RADIATION  OF  FIBRES  OF  CORPUS  CALLOSUM  IN  THE  CEREBRUM. 


1.  Anterior  Lobe. 

2.  Middle  Lobe. 

3.  Posterior  Lobe. 

4.  Olfactory  Nerve. 

5.  Optic  Nerve. 

6.  Crura  Cerebri. 

7.  Thalamus  Opticus. 

8.  Genu  of  Corpus  Callosum. 


9.  Corpus  Callosum. 

10.  Anterior  Fibres  to  Frontal  Lobe. 

11.  Middle  Fibres  to  Middle  Lobe. 
12,13.  Fibres   to    Wall    of  Lateral 

Ventricle. 

14.  Fibres  Passing  to  Fornix. 

15.  Posterior    Fibres    to    Occipital 

16.  Rostrum.  [  Lobe. 


FIG.    VI.      SAME  AS  FIG.  V. 


1.  Anterior  Lobe. 

2.  Occipital  Lobe. 


3.  Parietal  Lobe. 

4.  Fornix. 


6 


82 


NEUROLOGY. 


5.  Septum  Lucidum. 

6.  Corpus  Callosum. 

7.  Genu. 

8.  Apex  of  Genu. 

9.  Rostrum. 


10.  Fibres  to  Posterior  Lobe. 

11.  Same  to  Middle  Lobe. 

12.  Same  to  Anterior  Lobe. 

13.  Fibne  Arcuatse. 


FIG.    VII.      RADIATION  OF  CRURA  CEREBRI. 


1.  Cerebellum. 

2.  Corpora  Mammillaria. 

3.  Frontal  Lobe. 

4.  Occipital  Lobe. 

5.  Anterior  Commissure. 

6.  Fibres  to  Posterior  Lobe. 


7.  Fibrae  Arcuata?. 

8.  Peduncles  of  Cerebrum. 

9.  Fibres  to  Frontal  Lobe. 

10.  Fibres  to  Middle  Lobe. 

11.  Fibres  to  Posterior  Lobe. 


FIG.  VIII.      DISTRIBUTION  OF  FIBRES   OF  THE  ANTERIOR  CRUS  OF  FORNIX. 


1.  Frontal  Lobe. 

2.  Gyrus  Fornicatus. 

3.  Corpus  Callosum. 

4.  Genu. 

5.  Apex  of  Genu. 

6.  Corpus  Striatum. 

7.  Thalamus  Opticus. 

8.  Body  of  Fornix. 

9.  Anterior  Crus. 

10.  Portion  passing  through  Tuber 
Cinereum. 


11.  Masses  Forming  Corpora  Albi- 

cantia. 

12.  $  Portion  Reflected  to  the 

13.  (  Thalamus  Opticus. 

14.  Anterior  Commissure. 

15.  Peduncles  of  Cerebrum. 

16.  Motor  Oculi  Nerve. 

17.  Pons  Varolii. 

18.  Medulla  Oblongata. 

19.  Velum  Medullare. 

20.  Fourth  Ventricle. 


PLATES  V  AND  VI. 

PERPENDICULAR  SECTION  OF  LEFT  HEMISPHERE    OF  THE   CEREBRUM 


1,  2.  Parietal  Lobes. 

3.  Temporal  Lobes. 

4.  Gray  Substance  of  Convolutions. 

5.  White  Substance  of  Brain. 

6.  Crura  Cerebri. 

7.  Thalamus  Opticus. 

8.  Corpus  Callosum. 


9.  Fornix. 

10.  Lateral  Ventricle. 

11.  Corpus  Striatum. 

12.  Nucleus  Lenticularis. 

13.  Nucleus  Teniaformis. 

14.  Hippocampus  Major. 


[triclo. 


15.  Inferior   Cornu  of  Lateral  Ven- 


FIG.    II.       UPPER  ASPECT  OF  CEREBELLUM. 


1.  Crura  Cerebri. 

2.  Locus  Niger. 

3.  Testes. 

4.  Nates. 

5.  9.  Superior  Vermiform  Process. 

6.  Lobus  Centralis. 

7.  Monticulus  Cerebelli. 


8.  Commissura  Simplex. 

9.  Transverse  Lamina. 

10,  12.  Hemispheres  ef  Cerebellum. 

10.  Lobus  Quadratus. 

11.  Lobus  Semilunaris  Superior. 

12.  Lobus  Semilunaris  Inferior 


NEUROLOGY. 


83 


FIG.   III.       DIRECTION  OF  FIBRES  IN  THE  CEREBELLUM. 


1.  Crura  Cerebri. 

2.  Nates. 

3.  Laqueus. 

4.  Velum  Medullare  Anterius. 

5.  Lingula. 


6.  Fifth  Cranial  Nerve. 

7.  Deep  Fibres  of  Pons  Varolii. 

8.  Superficial  Fibres  of  Pons. 

9.  Deep  Branches  to  Hemispheres. 


FIG.   IV.       SAME  AS  FIG.  III. 
FIG.    V.       FIBRES  OF  PEDUNCLES  OF  THE  CEREBELLUM  AND  PONS  VAROLII. 

1.  Crura  Cerebelli.  2.  (  Its  Fibres  which  pass  to  the 

I  3.  (  Various  Lobes  of  the  Cerebellum 


FIG.    VI. 


1.  Medulla  Oblongata. 

2.  Pyramid. 

3.  Fasciculus  Arciformis. 

4.  Olive. 

'5.  Restiform  Body. 

6.  Crura  Cerebelli. 

7,  8.  (  Arbor  Vita3  formed  by 

9.      I  Crura  Cerebri  et  Cerebelli. 

10.  Fibres  passing  to  Cerebellum. 

11.  Portion    lying    under    Corpora 

Quadrigemina. 

12.  Horizontal  Fibres. 

13.  Pyramids. 


14.  Continuation  of  6  through  the 

Pons. 

15.  Superficial  Fibres  of  Pons  Var- 

olii. 

16.  Deep  Fibres  of  Pons. 

17.  Olivary  Fasciculus. 

18.  Fasciculus  Teres. 

19.  (  Anterior  Fibres  of 

20.  (  Crura  Cerebri. 

21.  Corpora  Albicantia. 

22.  Nates. 

23.  Brachia. 

24.  Testes. 


FIG.    VII.       NERVE  SUBSTANCE. 


a.  Cranial  Nerve,  after  death. 
6.  Cellular  Substance  of  Brain. 
c.  Peripheral    Nerve,    modified 
death. 


d.  Nerve  Fibre  during  life. 

1.  Its  covering. 

2.  White  substance  of  Schwann. 


FIG.  VIII.       GANGLIONIC  CELLS   FROM  THE   SEMILUNAR  GANGLION   OF 
THE  FIFTH  CRANIAL  NERVE. 


a.  Nerve  Fibre. 
6.  Round  Ganglionic  Cells. 
c.  Oval  Ganglionic  Cells. 
1.  Granular  Substance. 


2.  Nucleus. 

3.  Nucleolus. 

d.  Position  of  Ganglionic  Cells. 


FIG.    IX.      ORIGIN  OF  THE  OLFACTORY  NERVE. 


1.  Frontal  Lobe. 

2.  Convolution  of  the  Longitudinal 

Fissure. 


3.  Optic  Commissure. 

4.  O}>ti<-  Tract. 

5.  Qptic  Nerve. 


84 


NEUROLOGY. 


6.  Anterior  Perforated  Space. 

7.  Internal  Root  of  Olfactory  Nerve. 

8.  Long  Root  of  Same. 

9.  Gray  or  Middle  Root. 


10.  Gray  Nucleus  Forming  Origin 

of— 

11.  Olfactory  Nerve. 

12.  Its  Bulb. 


a.  Anterior  View. 

b.  Posterior  View. 
1.  Optic  Tract. 


FIG.    X.      OPTIC  COMMISSURE. 

2.  Commissure. 

3,  4.  Optic  Nerves. 

FIG.    XI.      ORIGIN  OF  THE  OPTIC  NERVE. 


1.  Corpus  Callosum. 

2.  Tapetum. 

3.  Hippocampus  Major. 

4.  Ta3nia  Semi  circularis. 

5.  Posterior  Crus  of  the  Fornix. 

6.  Body  of  the  Fornix. 

7.  Anterior  Crus  of  the  Fornix. 

8.  Corpora  Albicantia. 


9.  Thalamus  Opticus. 

10.  Corpus  Geniculatum  Externum. 

11.  Optic  Tract. 

12.  Optic  Commissure. 

13.  Optic  Nerve. 

14.  Retina. 

15.  16.  Fibres    passing     from    one 

Eye  to  the  other. 


FIG.    XII.      NERVES  OF  THE  EYE. 


Frontal  Bone. 

Frontal  Sinus. 

Ethmoid  Bone. 

Sella  Turcica. 

Malar  Bone. 
/.  Lachrymal  Gland. 
g.  Upper  Eyelids. 
h.  Superior  Oblique  Muscle. 
i.  Its  Pulley. 
k.  Its  Tendon. 
1.   Levator  Palpebrae  Muscle, 
ra.  Rectus  Superior  Muscle. 
n.  Inferior  Rectus  Muscle, 
o.  External  Rectus  Muscle. 
p.  Sphenoidal  Sinus. 
q.  Internal  Carotid  Artery. 
r.  Eyeball. 


1.  Optic  Nerve. 

2.  Motor  Oculi. 

3.  Branch  to  Rectus  Superior. 

4.  Branch  to  Internal  and  Inferior 

Recti. 

5.  Trochlearis  Nerve. 

6.  Trifacial  Nerve. 

7.  Casseriaii  Ganglion. 

8.  (  Ophthalmic    Division   of    the 

9.  \  Fifth  Nerve. 

10.  Nasal  Nerve. 

11.  Lachrymal  Nerve. 

12.  Superior  Maxillary  Division. 

13.  Abducens  Nerve. 

14.  Ophthalmic  Ganglion. 

15.  Ciliary  Nerve. 

16.  Ciliary  Branch  of  Nasal  Nerve. 


PLATES  VII  AND  VIII. 

FIG.    I.      A  SECTION  OF  THE  SPINAL  CORD,  INCLUDING  THE  LOWER  END  OF 

THE  CERVICAL  AND  UPPER  END  OF  THE  DORSAL 

PORTIONS.      ANTERIOR  ASPECT. 


1.  Dura  Mater. 

2.  Ligamentum  Dentatum. 

3.  Spinal  Cord. 


4.  Cervical  enlargement  of  Cord. 

5.  Anterior  Median  Fissure. 

6.  Anterior  Column. 


NEUROLOGY. 


85 


7.  Lateral  Column. 

8.  Posterior  Column. 

9.  Spinal  Canal. 


10.  Anterior  Roots  of  Spinal  Nerves. 

11.  Posterior  Roots  of  same. 

12.  Spinal  Nerves. 


FIG.    II.       LOWER  PORTION  OF  TIIK   SPINAL  CORD. 


1.  Spinal  Marrow. 

2.  Cauda  Equina. 

3.  Filu in  Terminale. 

4.  Anterior  Roots  of  Spinal  Nerves. 


5.  Posterior  Roots. 

6.  Their  Union. 

7.  Dura  Mater. 


FIG.    III.       TRANSVERSE    SECTION    OF    THE   MEDULLA    OBLONGATA    ABOVE     THE 
ORIGIN  OF  THE  FIRST  CERVICAL  NERVES;  ENLARGED. 


1.  Anterior  Median  Fissure. 

2.  Posterior  Median  Fissure. 

3.  Spinal  Canal. 

4.  Anterior  Pyramids. 

5.  Lateral  Tracts. 

6.  Posterior  Pyramids. 

7.  Anterior  Horn  of  Gray  Matter. 


8.  Posterior  Horn  of  Gray  Matter. 

9.  Gelatinous  Substance. 

10.  Anterior  Roots  of  Spinal  Nerves. 

11.  Posterior  Roots  of  same. 

12.  Origin    of   Nervus   Accessorius 

Willisii. 

13.  Gray  Commissure. 


FIG.    IV.       TRANSVERSE  SECTION  OF  SPINAL    CORD. 


1.  Anterior  Median  Fissure. 

2.  Posterior  Median  Fissure. 

3.  Spinal  Canal. 

4.  Commissura  Amilaris. 

5.  Anterior  Gray  Commissure. 

6.  Posterior  Gray  Commissure. 


7.  Anterior  Horn  of  Gray  Matter. 

8.  Posterior  Horn  of  Gray  Matter. 

9.  White  Substance  of  Cord. 

10.  Posterior  Roots  of  Spinal  Nerves. 

11.  Anterior  Roots  of  same. 


FIG.    V.      TRANSVERSE    SECTION    OF    MEDULLA  OBLONGATA  AND  SPINAL    CORD. 


a.  Section  of  Nates. 

1,  2,  3.  Crura  Cerebri. 

4.  Locus  Niger. 

5.  Posterior  Perforated  Space. 

6.  Aqua3ductus  Sylvii. 

7.  Gray  Matter. 

8.  Testes. 

9.  10.  White  Matter. 

b.  Section  of  Testes. 
1.  Pons  Varolii. 

'2.  Locus  Niger. 

3.  Ti-.irr i icii turn. 

4.  Fasciculi  Teretes. 

5.  AqiiH'diict  of  Sylvius. 
0.  Nates. 

7.  White  Substance. 


8.  Gray  Nucleus,  [the  Pons  Varolii. 

c.  Section  of  Medulla  Oblongata   at 

1.  Anterior  Pyramids. 

2.  Anterior  Median  Fissure. 

3.  4.  Olivary  Body. 

5.  Restiform  Body. 

6.  Gray  Substance. 

7.  Eminentia)  Teretes. 

8.  Fourth  Ventricle. 

d.  Section  of  Middle  Medulla. 
1-3.  Same  as  previous  figure. 

4.  Corpus  Dentatuin. 

5.  8.  Same  as  preceding  figure. 

e.  Transverse    section     of     Medulla 

Oblongata  behind  the  Fourth 
Ventricle. 


86 


NEUROLOGY. 


1.  Anterior  Median  Fissure. 

2.  Posterior  Median  Fissure. 

3.  Anterior  Pyramids. 

4.  Olivary  Fasciculi. 

5.  Restiform  Bodies. 

6.  Canal  of  Medulla  Oblongata. 

7.  Gray  Center. 

8.  Anterior  Gray  Bodies. 

9.  Posterior  Gray  Bodies. 

/.  Section   of    Medulla   Oblongata. 
Figures  same  as  in  preceding. 


g,  o.  Section  of  Spinal  Cord  from 
Cervical  Portion  to  Filum 
Terminale. 

1.  Anterior  Median  Fissure. 

2.  Posterior  Median  Fissure. 

3.  Anterior  Column. 

4.  Lateral  Column. 

5.  Posterior  Column. 

6.  Gray  Substance. 

7.  Anterior  Horn. 

8.  Posterior  Horn. 


FIG.    VI.       DISTRIBUTION  OF  NERVE  FIBRES  TO  THE   MUSCLES. 


1.  Voluntary  Muscular  Fibre. 

2.  Nerve. 


3.  Distribution  of  Nerve  Fibrils  in 
Loops. 


FIG.    VII. 


a. 


Pacinian      Corpuscles      on     the 
Palmar  Surface  of  the  Hand. 

1.  Nerve  Branchlet. 

2.  Pacinian  Corpuscles. 

3.  The  Terminal  ends  of  the  Nerves. 
b,  c.  Pacinian  Corpuscles  Magnified. 


1.  Nerve  Branchlets. 

2.  Central  Portion. 

3.  Concentric  Envelopes. 

4.  Processes    penetrating    the    sur- 

rounding Tissues. 


FIG.  VIII.       ORIGIN  OF  THE  TRIGEMINUS  NERVE. 


Crura  Cerebri. 
Corpora  Quadrigemina. 
Laqueus. 
Crura  Cerebelli. 
Fourth  Ventricle. 

6.  Calamus  Scriptorius. 

7.  Gray  Wings. 

8.  Crura  Cerebri  et  Cerebelli. 

9.  Crus  ad  Medullam  Oblongatum. 

10.  Posterior  Portion  of  Medulla. 

11.  Trifacial  Nerve. 


12.  Ophthalmic  Nerve. 

13.  Superior  Maxillary  Nerve. 

14.  Inferior  Maxillary  Nerve. 

15.  Casserian  Ganglion. 

16.  Sensory  Root  of  Fifth  Nerve. 

17.  Motor  Root  of  Fifth  Nerve. 

18.  Course  of  Nerve. 

19.  Auditory  Nerve. 

20.  Facial  Nerve. 

21.  Pneumogastric  Nerve. 


FIG.    IX.       FIFTH  NERVE  AND  CASSERIAN  GANGLION;  INFERIOR  ASPECT. 
FIG.    X.       BRANCHES  OF  THE    SECOND  and  THIRD  DIVISIONS 


OF  THE  FIFTH  NERVE. 


a.  Frontal  Bone. 

b.  Frontal  Sinus. 

c.  Occipital  Bone. 

d.  Parietal  Bone. 


e.  Mastoid     Portion     of    Temporal 

Bone. 

/.  Mastoid  Process. 
g.  Fallopian  Tube. 


NEUROLOGY. 


87 


h.  Petrous    Portion   of    Temporal 

Bone. 

i.  Tympanum. 
k.  Ossicula  Auditus. 
I.  Orbit. 

m.  Antrum  of  Highmore. 
n.  Lower  Jaw. 
o.  Rectus   Capitis    Posticus    Major 

Muscle. 

p.  Obliquus  Inferior  Muscle. 
q.  Spinalis  Cervicis  Muscle. 
r.  Levator  Anguli  Scapula  Muscle. 
8.  Rectus  Capitis  Anticus  Muscle. 
t.  Tensor  Palati  Muscle. 

u.  Superior1!  n, 

TV/T-  j  ji         Pharyngeal  Constrictor 
v.  Middle     \  f/r 

T   f    .  Muscles. 

w.  Inferior  J 

x.  Stylo-pharyngeus  Muscle. 

y.  Levator  Anguli  Oris  Muscle. 

z.  Orbicularis  Oris  Muscle. 

a.  Tongue. 

/?.  Genio-glossus  Muscle. 

f.  Sublingual  Gland. 

d.  Submaxillary  Gland. 

e.  Common  Carotid  Artery. 
£.  External  Carotid  Artery. 


T}.  Internal  Carotid  Artery. 
$.  Superior  Thyroid  Artery. 
i.  Occipital  Artery. 
x.  Temporal  Artery. 

1.  Trigeminus  Nerve. 

2.  Ophthalmic  Division. 

3.  Superior  Maxillary  Division. 

4.  Inferior  Maxillary  Division. 

5.  Descending  Branch  of  3. 

6.  Posterior  Dental  Nerve. 

7.  Infraorbital  Nerve. 

8.  Superficial  Temporal  Branch. 

9.  Deep  Temporal  Branch. 

10.  Masseteric  Branch. 

11.  Buccal  Nerve. 

12.  Inferior  Maxillary  Nerve. 

13.  Lingual  Branch. 

14.  Maxillary  Ganglion. 

15.  Abducens  Nerve. 

16.  Carotid  Branches. 

17.  Facial  Nerve. 

18.  Facial  Branch. 

19.  Chorda  Tympani. 

20.  Hypoglossal  Nerve. 

21.  Pneumogastric  Nerve. 


PLATES  IX  AND  X. 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  FIFTH  CRANIAL   NERVE. 


FIG.    I. 


a.  Frontal  Bone. 

b.  Sella  Turcica. 

c.  Zygomatic  Process  of  Temporal 

Bone. 

d.  Condyloid  Process  of  Lower  Ja\v. 

e.  Fallopian  Tube. 
/.  Superior   \ 

g.  Posterior  >  Semi  circular  Canals. 

h.  External    ) 

i.  Occipital  Bone. 

/.-.  Vidian  Canal. 

I.    Ptorygoid  Process. 

m.  Zygoma. 

n.  Antrum. 


o. 

p. 

q. 

r. 

s. 

t. 

u. 

v. 

w. 

x. 

y. 

z. 

a. 


Inferior  Maxilla. 

Its  Cancellous  Tissue  Expose< 

Falx  Cerebelli. 

Tentorium  Cerebelli. 

Nasal  Cartilages. 

Eye  ball. 

Lachrymal  Gland. 

Meatus  Auditorius  Externus. 

Larynx. 

Thyroid  Gland. 

Frontalis 

Orbicularis  Palpebranim 

Compressor  Naris 

Orbicularis  Oris 


88 


NEUROLOGY. 


f.  Quadratus  Menti 

d.  Buccinator 

£.   Superior  Oblique 

£.  Obliquus  Inferior 

rt.  Levator  Palpebrse 

#.  Rectus  Superior 

/.   Rectus  Inferior 

x.   Pterygoideus  Internus 

L  Digastric 

//.  Stylo-glossus 

\t.  Mylo-hyoid 

£.  Sterno-hyoid 

0.  Thyro-hyoid 

;r.  Constrictor  Pharyngeus 
p.  Common  Carotid  Artery 
a.  External  Carotid  Artery. 
r.  Internal  Carotid  Artery. 
v.  Superior  Thyroid  Artery. 
<p.  Superior  Laryngeal  Artery. 
3.  Facial  Artery. 
</>.  Superior  Coronary  Artery. 
to.  Inferior  Coronary  Artery. 

1.  Infraorbital  Artery. 

2.  Angular  Artery. 

3.  Ophthalmic  Artery. 

4.  Inferior  Palpebral  Artery. 

5.  Nasal  Artery. 

6.  Frontal  Artery. 

7.  Supraorbital  Artery. 

8.  Superficial  Temporal  Artery. 

9.  Internal  Maxillary  Artery. 

10.  Middle  Meningeal  Artery. 

11.  Inferior  Dental  Artery. 

12.  Infraorbital  Artery. 

13.  Temporal  Artery. 

14.  Occipital  Artery. 

15.  Ophthalmic  Artery. 

16.  Optic  Nerve. 

17.  Motor  Oculi  Nerve. 

18.  Branches  to  Muscles  of  the  Eye. 

19.  Communicating  Branch  to  20. 

20.  Ciliary  Ganglion. 

21.  Trochlearis  Nerve. 

22.  Abducens  Nerve. 

23.  Facial  Nerve. 

24.  Digastric  Branch. 


25.  Zygomatic  Branch. 

26.  Superior  Facial  Branch. 

27.  Middle  Facial  Branch. 

28.  Inferior  Facial  Branch. 

29.  Descending  Branch. 

30.  Cutaneous  Branch. 

31.  Cutaneous  Cervical  Branch. 

32.  Pneumogastric  Nerve.  . 

33.  Internal  Laryngeal  Nerve. 

34.  External  Laryngeal  Nerve. 

35.  Hypoglossal  Nerve. 

36.  Descending  Branch. 

37.  Superior      Cervical      Ganglion 

(Sympathetic.) 

38.  Sympathetic  Nerve. 

39.  Trigeminus  Nerve. 

40.  Casserian  Ganglion. 

41.  Ophthalmic  Division. 

42.  Frontal  Nerve. 

43.  Branch  to  Frontal  Sinus. 

44.  Supratrochlearis  Nerve. 

45.  Branch  of  44. 

46.  Supraorbital  Nerve. 

47.  Frontal  Branch  of  46. 

48.  Nasal  Branch. 

49.  Branch  to  Ciliary  Ganglion. 

50.  Infratroclilearis  Nerve. 

51.  Ethmoidal  Branch. 

52.  Communicating  Branch. 

53.  Lachrymal  Nerve. 

54.  Superior  Maxillary  Division. 

55.  Cutaneous  Nerve. 

56.  Communicating  Branch  to  53. 

57.  Communicating  Branch  to  23. 

58.  Spheno-palatine  Ganglion. 

59.  Vidian  Nerve. 

60.  Palatine  Nerve.  [Artery. 

61.  Loops  around  Internal  Maxillary 

62.  Buccal  Branch. 

63.  Posterior  Dental  Nerve. 

64.  Communicating  Buccal  Branch 

to  38. 

65.  Communicating  Branch  to  Infra- 

orbital. 

66.  Infraorbital  Nerve. 

67.  Communicating  Branch  to  63. 


NEUROLOGY. 


89 


68. 
69. 
70. 
71. 
72. 

73. 

74. 
75. 
76. 
77. 
78. 
70. 
80. 
81. 
82. 
83. 
84. 

85. 
86. 
87. 
88. 
89. 
90. 


a. 

6. 

c. 

d. 

c. 

/. 

g. 

h. 

i. 

k. 

/. 

///. 

n. 

o. 

p. 

i/. 

r. 

s. 


Anterior  Dental  Nerve.  91. 

Anastomosis  with  63.  •>_!. 

Dental  Brand i.  93. 

Inferior  Palpebral  Branch.  94. 

Superior    Cutaneous    Nasal  95. 

Branch.  96. 

Inferior    Cutaneous    Nasal  97. 

Branch. 

Labial  Nerve.  98. 

Inferior  Maxillary  Division.  99. 
Masseteric  Branch. 

Deep  Temporal  Branch.  100. 
Buccal  Nerve. 

Its  Loops  around  9.  101. 

Anastomosis  with  23.  102. 
Anterior  Articular  Branch. 

Superficial  Temporal  Nerve.  103. 
Communication  with  23. 
Branch  to  External  Meatus  of     104. 

Ear. 

Ascending  Branch.  105. 
Tympanic  Branch. 

Auricular  Branch.  106. 
Articular  Branch. 

Lingual  Nerve.  107. 

Inferior  Dental  Nerve.  108. 


Mylo-hyoid  Branch. 

Dental  Branch. 

Mental  Branch. 

Communicating  with  92. 

Labial  Nerve. 

Mental  Branches. 

Branch   of  Glosso-pharyngeus 

to  Nervi  Molles. 
Superficial  Cardiac  Nerve. 
Superior   Thyroid,    (Sympa- 
thetic Nerve.) 
Branch  to  Superior  Laryngeal 

Artery. 

Branch  to  Facial  Artery. 
Anastomosis    with    Inferior 

Maxillary. 
Branch    to    External    Carotid 

Artery. 
Communicating     Branch      to 

Digastric. 
Branch  to  Internal  Maxillary 

Artery. 
Junction  with  Posterior  Dental 

Nerve. 

Branch  to  Temporal  Artery. 
Branch  to  Occipital  Artery. 


FIG.    II.       BRANCHES  OF  THE  FIFTH  NERVE. 


Frontal  Bone. 

Temporal  Bone. 

Meatus  Auditorius. 

Tympanum. 

Malleus. 

Superior  ~\ 

Posterior  ISemi  circularCanals. 

External  J 

Styloid  Proces. 

Occipital  Bone. 

Carotid  Canal. 

Vidian  (  'anal. 

Orbital  Plate  of  Ethmoid  Bone. 

Lachrymal  Bone. 

Superior  Maxilla. 

I  nfrrior  Margin  of  Orbit. 

Infmorbital  Foramen. 

Antrum. 


t.  Lower  Maxilla. 

it.  Os  Hyoides. 

v.  Superior  Oblique  Muscle. 

w.  Its  Pulley. 

x.  Tarsal  Cartilage. 

?/.  Caruncula  Lachrymalis. 

z.    Lachrymal  Sac. 

a.  Eustachian  Tube. 

/?.  Cartilage  of  Ear. 

f.  Mylo-hyoid  Muscle. 

d.  Sterno-hyoid  Muscle. 

e.  Thyro-hyoid  Muscle. 
'.   Ilyo-glossus  Muscle. 
rr    IMiarynx. 

//.   (  Minis. 

«'.  Common  Carotid  Artery. 
x.  Kxternal  Carotid  Artery. 
L  Internal  Carotid  Artery. 


90 


NEUROLOGY. 


P- 

c. 


8. 

9. 

10. 


//.  Superior  Thyroid  Artery. 
v.  Superior  Laryngeal  Artery. 
£.  Lingual  Artery. 

0.  Facial  Artery. 

x.  Submental  Artery. 

Ascending  Palatine  Artery. 

Ascending  Laryngeal  Artery. 
u.   Tarsal  Artery. 
<p.  Frontal  Artery. 
x.   Superficial  Temporal  Artery. 
</>.  Infraorbital  Artery. 

1.  Optic  Nerve. 

2.  Motor  Oculi. 

3, 4.  Superior  and  Inferior  Branches. 

5.  Branch  to  6. 

6.  Ciliary  Ganglion. 

7.  Ciliary  Nerves. 
Trochlearis  Nerve. 
Abducens  Nerve. 
Facial  Nerve. 

11.  Exit  from  Stylo-mastoid  Fora- 

men. 

12.  Glosso-pharyngeus  Nerve. 

13.  14.  Superior    and    Inferior 

Branches. 

15.  Pharyngeal  Branches. 

16.  Pneumogastric  Nerve. 

17.  Pharyngeal  Branch. 

18.  Internal  Laryngeal  Nerve. 

19.  External  Laryngeal  Nerve. 

20.  Nervus  Accessorius  Willisii. 

21.  Hypoglossal  Nerve. 

22.  Descending  Ramus. 

23.  Branch  to  Thryo-hyoid  Muscle. 

24.  Ophthalmic  Division  of  Trigem- 

inus. 

25.  Frontal  Branch. 

26.  Branch  to  Frontal  Sinus. 

27.  Branch  to  35. 

2.8.  Supraorbital  Nerve. 

29.  Cutaneous  Branches. 

30.  Supratrochlear  Branch. 

31.  Nasal  Branch. 

32.  Branch  to  Ciliary  Ganglion. 

33.  Branch  to  27. 

34.  Ethmoidal  Branch. 


35.  Infratrochlear  Branch. 

36.  Branch  to  Lachrymal  Sac. 

37.  Branch  to  Tarsal  Artery. 

38.  Junction  of  30  and  35. 

39.  Lachrymal  Nerve. 

40.  Superior  Maxillary  Division. 

41.  Cutaneous  Nerve  of  the  Cheek. 

42.  Spheno-palatine  Ganglion. 

43.  Vidian  Nerve. 

44.  Superficial  Branch. 

45.  Junction  with  Facial  Nerve. 

46.  Deep  Branch. 

47.  Pharyngeal  Branch. 

48.  Spheno-palatine  Branch. 

49.  Branch  from  42  to  9. 

50.  Palatine  Nerve. 

51 .  Branch  supplying  Internal  Max- 

illary Artery. 

52.  Branch  of  Palatine  Nerve. 

53.  Inner  Division  of  same. 

54.  Posterior  Dental  Nerve. 

55.  Posterior  Branch  of  54. 

56.  Alveolar  Branch. 

57.  Branch    to    Anterior    Dental 

Nerves. 
58-62.  Dental  Nerves  to  Teeth. 

63.  Infraorbital  Nerve. 

64.  Branch  joining  54  and  65  to  63. 

65.  Anterior  Dental  Nerve. 

66.  Branch  communicating  with  54. 

67.  Buccal  Branch. 

68.  Dental  Branches. 

69-75.  Branches    supplying    Teeth 
and  Gums. 

76.  Nasal  Branch. 

77.  Inferior  Maxillary  Division. 

78.  Masseteric  Branch. 

79.  Deep  Temporal  Branch. 

80.  Buccal  Branch. 

81.  82.  Auricular  Branches. 

83.  Branch  joining  the  Facial  Nerve. 

84.  Branch  to  Auditory  Meatus. 

85.  Ascending  Branch. 

86.  Tympanic  Branch. 

87.  Auditory  Branch. 

88.  Lingual  or  Gustatory  Nerve. 


NEUROLOGY. 


91 


89.  Chorda  Tympani. 

90.  Pharyngeal  Branch. 

91.  Inferior  Dental  Nerve. 

92.  Mylo-hyoid  Branch. 

93.  Dental  Branch. 

94.  Branches  to  the  Gums. 

95.  Branches  to  the  Teeth. 

96.  Mental  Branch  of  91. 

97.  Superior  Cervical  Ganglion. 

98.  Communicating   Branches    to 

Pneumogastric. 

99.  Sympathetic  Nerve. 

100.  Superficial  Cardiac  Nerve. 

101.  Nervus  Mollis. 

102.  Pharyngeal  Branch.  [12  to  19. 

103.  Communicating  Branch  from 


a.  Upper  Maxillary. 

b.  Palatine  Process. 

c.  Pterygoid  Process. 

d.  Occipital  Bone. 

e.  Lower  Jaw. 

/.  Common  Carotid  Artery. 

g.  External  Carotid  Artery. 

h.  Internal  Carotid  Artery. 

-/.  Vertebral  Artery. 

k.  Internal  Pterygoid  Muscle. 

I.  Velum  Palati. 

ra.  Pharynx. 

n.  Submaxillary  Gland. 

1.  Branch  of  Motor  Oculi  to  Sym- 

pathetic. 

2.  Abducens  Nerve. 

3.  Branch  of  2  to  Sympathetic. 

4.  Trigeminus. 

5.  Casserian  Ganglion. 

6.  Superior     Maxillary     Division 

of  4. 

7.  Cutaneous  Branch  to  the  Cheek. 

8.  Spheno-palatim-  Nerve. 

9.  Spheno-palatine  Ganglion. 

10.  Vidian  Nerve. 

11.  Superficial    Petrous    Branch 

of  10. 


104.  Branches  to  Superior  Thyroid 

Artery. 

105.  Branches  to  Lingual  Artery. 

106.  Branches  to  Facial  Artery. 

107.  Branches  to   Ascending  Pala- 

tine Artery. 

108.  Pharyngeal  Plexus. 

109.  Ascending    Branch    from    12 

to  99. 

110.  Anterior  Branch  of  99. 

111.  Posterior  Branch  of  99. 

112.  Branch  of  12  to  10  and  111. 

113.  Sympathetic  Nerve. 

114.  Branch  to  2. 

115.  Branches   to  Internal  Carotid 

Artery. 


FIG.   III. 


12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 

22. 

23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
81. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 


Deep  Branch  of  10. 

Deep  Petrosal  Nerve. 

Pterygo-palatine  Nerve. 

Anterior  Palatine  Branch. 

Internal  Palatine  Branch. 

External  Palatine  Branch. 

Naso-palatine  Nerve. 

Posterior  Nasal  Branches. 

Branch  from  9  to  Optic  Nerve. 

Anterior  Branch  of  Sympa- 
thetic. 

Posterior  Branch  of  Sympa- 
thetic. 

Posterior  Dental  Nerve. 

Middle  Dental  Branches. 

Infraorbital  Nerve. 

Inferior  Maxillary  Division  of  4. 

Superficial  Temporal  Nerve. 

Gustatory  Nerve. 

P» ranch  to  Meckel's  Ganglion. 

Branch  to  Lingual  Plexus. 

Inferior  Maxillary  Nerve. 

Mylo-hyoid  Branch. 

Dental  Branches. 

Temporal  Branches. 

Branch  to  Ophthalmic  Division 
of  4. 


92 


NEUROLOGY. 


36.  Branch  to   Superior   Maxillary' 

Division. 

37.  Branch    to    Inferior    Maxillary 

Division. 

38.  Branch  from  5  to  Otic  Ganglion. 

39.  Internal  Pterygoid  Nerve. 

40.  Small  Petrosal  Nerve. 
4.1.  Branch  from  73  to  44. 

42.  Buccal  Nerve. 

43.  Facial  Nerve. 

44.  Chorda  Tympani. 

45.  Branch  joining  44  to  28. 

46.  Meckel's  Ganglion. 

47.  Branch   from    Maxillary    Gan- 

glion to  Sympathetic. 

48.  Branches  to  Submaxillary 

Gland. 

49.  Branches  to  Stapedius  Muscle. 

50.  Glosso-pharyngeus  Nerve. 

51.  Petrosal  Ganglion.  [to  51. 

52.  Branch  from  Jugular  Ganglion 


53.  Branch  from  Sympathetic  to  51. 

54.  Jacobson's  Nerve. 

55.  Branch  to  Foramen  Rotundum. 

56.  Branch  to  Foramen  Ovale. 

57.  Branch  from  54  to  Sympathetic. 

58.  Tympanic  Branch. 

59.  Pharyngeal  Nerve. 

60.  Pharyngeal  Branches. 

61.  Pneumogastric  Nerve. 

62.  Jugular  Ganglion. 

63.  Hypoglossal  Nerve. 

64.  Nervus  Accessorius  Willisii. 

65.  Sympathetic  Nerve. 

66.  Inferior  Carotid  Ganglion. 

67.  Superior  Cervical  Ganglion. 

68.  Nervi  Molles. 

69.  Vertebral  Nerve. 

70.  Branch  from  65  to  62. 

71.  Branch  from  62  to  54  and  43. 

72.  Branch  from  64  to  65. 

73.  Otic     Ganglion. 


PIG.  iv. 


a.  Frontal  Bone. 
6.  Ethmoid  Bone. 

c.  Ethmoidal  Foramen. 

d.  Lachrymal  Bone. 

e.  Fossa  Lachrymalis. 

/.   Maxillary  Process  of  Malar  Bone. 

g.  Superior  Maxillary  Bone. 

h.  Alveolar  Process. 

i.  Antrum  of  Highmore. 

k.  Infraorbital  Foramen. 

I.   Body  of  Sphenoid  Bone. 

m.  Foramen  Rotundum. 

n.  Petrous  Portionof  Temporal  Bone. 

0.  Internal  Carotid  Artery. 
p.  Ophthalmic  Artery. 

1.  Motor  Oculi  Nerve. 

2.  Casserian  Ganglion. 

3.  Ophthalmic  Division  of  the  Tri- 

geminus. 

4.  Ethmoidal  Branch. 

5.  Lachrymal  Nerve. 

6.  Superior  Maxillary  Nerve. 

7.  Cutaneous  Malar  Branch. 


8.  Spheno-palatiiie  Nerve. 

9.  Spheno-palatine  Ganglion. 

10.  Vidian  Nerve. 

11.  Superficial  Branch. 

12.  Deep  Branch. 

13.  Pterygoid  Branch. 

14.  Pharyngeal  Branch. 

15.  Posterior  Dental  Nerve. 

16.  Anterior  Dental  Nerve. 

17.  Maxillary  Ganglion. 

18.  Dental  Branches. 

19.  Osseous  Branch. 

20.  Nasal  Branch. 

21.  Middle  Dental  Nerve. 

*22.  Communicating    Branch    from 
9  to  17. 

23.  Branch  to  Antrum. 

24.  Infraorbital  Nerve. 

25.  Abducens  Nerve. 

26.  Descending  Branches  of  Sym- 

pathetic. 

27.  Commnicating  Branch   from  1 

to  3  and  25. 


NEUROLOGY. 


93 


FIG.    V. 


a.  Superior  Maxillary  Bone. 

b.  Greater  Wings  of  Sphenoid. 

c.  Squamous  Portion  of  Temporal. 

d.  Zygomatic  Arch. 

e.  Mastoid  Process. 
/.  Styloid  Process. 

g.  Pterygoid  Process. 

h.  Antrum. 

i.  External  Auditory  Meatus. 

k.  Foramen  Ovale. 

I.  Common  Carotid  Artery. 

m.  External  Carotid  Artery. 

n.  Internal  Carotid  Artery. 

o.  Superior  Thyroid  Artery. 

p.  Lingual  Artery. 

q.  Facial  Artery. 

r.  Ascending  Pharyngeal  Artery. 

8.  Temporal  Artery. 

/    Transverse  Facial  Artery. 

u.  Internal  Maxillary  Artery. 


v.  Middle  Moningeal  Artery. 
w.  Inferior  Dental  Artery. 
x.  Deep  Temporal  Artenr. 
y.  Superior  Dental  Artery. 
2.  Infraorbital  Artery. 
a.  Parotid  Gland. 

1.  Facial  Nerve. 

2.  Superficial  Temporal  Nerve. 

3.  Nervi  Molles. 

4.  Temporal  Ganglion.  Sympathetic. 

5.  Parotid  Branch. 

6.  Auditory  Branch. 

7.  Temporal  Branch. 

8.  Maxillary  Branch. 

9.  Facial  Branch  to  Temporal  Gan- 

glion. 

10.  Branch  from  2  to  4. 

11.  Branch  from  Sympathetic  Nerve 

to  4. 

12.  Articular  Branch. 


PLATES  XI  AND  XII. 

NERVES  OF  THE  FACE. 


0,  6.  Occipito-frontalis  Muscle. 

c.  Retrahens  Aurem  Muscle. 

d.  Attolens  Aurem  Muscle. 

e.  Temporal  Muscle. 

/.  Orbicularis  Palpebrarum 

g.  Compressor  Naris 

h.  Levator  Anguli  Oris 

1.  Zygomaticus  Major 
k.  Buccinator 

I.  Masseter 

m.  Orbicularis  Oris 

n.  Quadratus  Menti 

o.  Sterno-cleido-mastoid 

p.  Steno's  Duct. 

q.  Submaxillary  Gland. 

r.  External  Carotid  Artery. 

s.  Temporal  Artery. 

t.  External  Jugular  Vein. 

u.  Temporal  Vein. 


1.  Frontal  Branch  of  Trigeminus. 

2.  Supratrochlearis. 

3.  Cutaneous  Frontal  Branch. 

4.  Infratrochlear  Nerve. 

5.  Infraorbital  Nerve. 

6.  7.  Cutaneous  Malar  Branches. 

8.  Cutaneous  Temporal  Branch. 

9.  Mental  Branch  of  Inferior  Dent- 

10.  Buccal  Branch.  [al. 

11.  Portio  Dura. 

12.  Posterior  Auricular  Branch. 

13.  Deep  Branch. 

14.  Descending  Branch. 

15.  Superior  Branch. 

16.  Middle  Facial  Branch. 

17.  Auricular  Branch  of  Third  Cer- 

vical Nerve. 

18.  Middle     Cutaneous    Nerve     of 

Neck. 


94 


NEUROLOGY. 


PLATES   XIII   AND   XIV. 


A.  Internal  Jugular  Vein. 

B.  Inferior  Thyroid  Vein. 

C.  Common  Carotid  Artery. 

D.  External  Carotid  Artery. 

E.  Superior  Thyroid  Artery. 

F.  Internal  Carotid  Artery. 

G.  Mylo-hyoid  Muscle. 
H.  Genio-Hyoid  Muscle. 
/.    Genio-glossus  Muscle. 
K.  Tongue. 

L.   Stylo-glossus  Muscle. 

M.  Stylo-pharyngeus  Muscle* 

N.  Digastric  Muscle. 

0.  Stylo-hyoid  Muscle. 

P.   Internal  Pterygoid  Muscle. 

Q.  Masseter  Muscle. 

R.  Hyo-glossal  Muscle. 

S.   Thyro-hyoid  Muscle. 

T.   Crico-thyroid  Muscle. 

U,  U.  Sterno-hyoid  and  Sterno-thy- 

roid  of  the  Left  Side.      [  cle. 
V.  Obliquus  Capitis  Superior  Mus- 
W.  Splenius  Capitis  Muscle. 
X.  Levator  Anguli  Scapula  Muscle. 
Y.  Rectus   Capitis   Anticus  Major 

Muscle. 

Z.  Buccinator  Muscle. 
a,a.  Superior  Pharyngeal  Constrictor. 
b,  b.  Middle  Pharyngeal  Constrictor. 
c,c.  Inferior  Pharyngeal  Constrictor. 

d.  Right  Cornu  of  Os  Hyoides. 

e.  Thyro-hyoid  Ligament. 
/.   Thyroid  Cartilage. 

g.  Thyroid  Gland. 
h.  Right  Tonsil. 

1.  Styloid  Process  of  Temporal. 
k.  Suprahyoid  Aponeurosis. 

/.    Parotid  Gland. 

ra.  Zygomatic  Process. 

n.  Cervical  Intervertebral  Substance. 

o.  Mastoid  Process  of  Temporal 

Bone. 

p.  Cartilaginous  External  Auditory 
Meatus. 


q.  Mucous  Follicles  of  Mouth  and 

Root  of  the  Tongue. 
r.  Fleshy  Portion  of  the  Tongue. 

1.  Glosso-pharyngeus  Nerve. 

2.  Anastomosing  Branch  with  3. 

3.  Digastric  Branch  Communicat- 

ing with  the  Facial  Nerve. 

4.  Pharyngeal   Branch  Communi- 
cating with  Pharyngeal  Branch 
of  Pneumogastric. 

5.  6.  Carotid  Branches. 
7,  8.  Origin  of  5  and  6. 

9.  Communicating  Branch  with 
Sympathetic  Filaments  from 
the  Superior  Cervical  Gan- 
glion. 

10.  Anastomosing  Carotid  Branches. 

11.  Branch    to    Superior     Thyroid 

Artery. 

12.  Anastomosing  Branch  to  Super- 

ficial Cardiac  Nerve. 

13.  14,  15.  Pharyngeal  Branches. 

16.  Larger  Branch  of  Glosso-pharyn- 

geus Giving  Origin  to 

17.  The  Branch  to  the  Stylo-pharyn- 

geus Muscle  Proper. 

18.  Smaller    or    External   Lingual 

Branch. 

19.  Occasional  Branch  of  18. 

20.  Tonsillar  Branch. 

21.  22.  Lateral  Lingual  Branch. 

23.  Glosso-pharyngeal  Branches  to 

Superior  Constrictor  and  Epi- 
glottis. 

24.  Deep  Lingual  Branches  of  1. 

25.  Spinal  Accessory. 

26.  External  Branch  of  25. 

27.  Internal  Branch  of  25. 

28.  Anastomosis  of  Branches  of  27 

and  the  Pneumogastric  Nerve. 

29.  Pharyngeal  Branch  of  Pneumo- 

30.  Pharyngeal  Plexus.        [gastric. 
31-33.  Ascending  Branches  of  30  t<> 

Superior  Constrictor. 


NEUROLOGY. 


95 


34.  Branches  of  30  Passing  with  1. 

35.  Branches  of  30  to  Middle  Con- 

strictor. 

36.  Descending  Branches  of  30. 
37-40.  Descending  Branches  to  In- 
ferior Constrictor. 

41.  Descending  Branch  of  30  which 

joins  the  External  Laryngeal 
and  the  Intercostal  Nerve. 

42.  Internal   Laryngeal  Branch   of 

Pneumogastric  Nerve. 

43.  Anastomosis  of  42  and  1. 

44.  Anastomosis   of  42  with  Nervi 

Molles. 

45.  Pneumogastric   Nerve,    Gangli- 

oniform  Enlargement. 

46.  Superior  Cervical  Ganglion. 

47.  Nervi  Molles  from  46  to  Supe- 

rior Intercostal  Nerve. 

48.  Carotid  Branches  of  46. 

49.  Nervi     Molles     from    Superior 

Cervical  Ganglion  to  44. 

50.  External  Laryngeal  Nerve. 

51.  52.  Branches  of  50    to  Middle 

and  Inferior  Constrictors. 

53.  Branch  of  50  to  the  Interior  of 

Larynx. 

54.  Anastomosis    of    Internal    and 

External  Laryngeal  Nerves. 

55.  Branches  of  External  Laryngeal 

to  the  Pharynx,  Larynx  and 
Thyroid  Gland. 

56.  Nervi  Molles  passing  from  the 

Inferior   Portion  of  the    Su- 
perior Cervical  Ganglion. 

57.  Anastomosis   of    Nervi    Molles 
and  External  Laryngeal  Nerve. 

58.  Nervus  Mollis  from  the  Super- 

ficial Cardiac  Nerve. 
59, 60.  Nervi  Mollesto  Thyroid  Gin  n  d . 


61.  Ninth  Cerebral  Nerve. 

62.  Anastomosis  Between  the  First 

and  Second  Cervical  Spinal 
Nerves. 

63.  Anastomosis   of   61  with   First 

Cervical. 

64.  Two  Filaments  which  pass  from 

the  First  Cervical  Spinal  to 
the  Superior  Cervical  Gang- 
lion. 

65.  Branches    of    Second    Cervical 

Nerve  to  the  Superior  Cer- 
vical Ganglion. 

66.  Branch    to    Superior    Cervical 

Ganglion  from  Anastomosis 
of  Second  and  Third  Cervi- 
cal Nerves. 

67.  Anastomosis     of    Second     and 

Third  Cervical  Spinal  Nerves. 

68.  Branch     of      Second     Cervical 

Nerve  to  the  Descendens 
Noni. 

69.  Third  Cervical  Spinal  Nerve. 

70.  Branch    of    69   to    Descendens 

Noni. 

71.  Fourth  Cervical  Spinal  Nerve. 

72.  Fifth  Cervical  Spinal  Nerve. 

73.  Phrenic  Nerve. 

74.  Portio  Dura. 

75.  Digastric  Branch  of  74. 

76.  Stylo-hyoid  Branch  of  74. 

77.  Filaments  of  76  which  join  Tem- 

poral Sympathetic  Branches. 

78.  Auricular    Branch    of  Inferior 

Maxillary  Division  of  Fifth 
Nerve  Anastomosing  with  7-!. 

79.  Temporal  Branch  of  71. 

80.  Superior  Facial  Branch. 
si.  Middle  Facial  Branch. 
82.  Inferior  Facial  Branch. 


PLATES   XV  AND  XVI. 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  PNEUMOGASTRIC  NERVE  IN  THE  NECK 

AND  THORAX 


a.   Temporal  Hone. 

6.    Inferior  Maxillary  Bone. 


e:    <  )s  Hyoides. 

d.   Cervical  Vertebra. 


NEUROLOGY. 


e.  First  Dorsal  Vertebra. 
/.  Clavicle. 

g.  Ribs. 

h.  Coracoid  Process. 

i.  Masseter 

k.  Internal  Pterygoid 

I.  Digastric 

m.  Stylo-Glossus 

n.  Stylo-hyoid 

0.  Stylo-pharyngeus 
p.  Genio-glossus 

q.  Genio-hyoid 

r.  Mylo-hyoid 

s.  Rectus  Capitis  Major 

t.  Trapezius 

u.  Splenius  Capitis 

v.  Levator   Anguli    Scapulae 

w.  Coraco-brachialis 

x.  Biceps 

y.  Teres 

z.  Subscapularis 

a.  Scalenus  Anticus 

j9.  Scalenus  Medius 

f.  Scalenus  Posticus 
S.  Longus  Colli 

e.  Intercostal 

£.  Submaxillary  Gland. 

Tj.  Sublingual  Gland. 

#.  Thyroid  Gland. 

1.  Epiglottis. 

x.  Thyroid  Cartilage. 

^.  Cricoid  Cartilage. 

p.  Arytaenoid  Cartilages. 

v.  Arytaenoideus  Muscle. 

£.  Posterior  Crico-arytsenoid  Muscle. 

o.  Lateral  Crico-arytaenoid  Muscle. 

TT.  Thyro-arytaenoid  Muscle. 

p.  Pharynx. 

C.    Trachea.  "\      These   organs   have   been 
-p  i  .     /  moved  from  their  natural  po- 

Xj.    i>roncni.  >  s;tions  t0  show  the  deep  plex- 
0.    Lungs.       )  uses  °f  tne  Pneumogastric. 

<p.  Heart. 

r.   Right  Auricle. 

<p.  Trunk  of  Pulmonary  Artery. 

ID.  Right  Pulmonary  Artery. 

a.  Aorta. 


b.  Innominate 

c.  Right  Subclavian 
l>.   Inferior  Thyroid 
c.   Vertebral 

f.  Internal  Mammary 

g.  Axillary 

\).   External  Mammary 
t.   Subscapular 
f.    Common  Carotid 
i.   Internal  Carotid 
m.  External  Carotid, 
n.   Superior  Thyroid 

0.  Occipital 

p.   Posterior  Auricular 
q.  Transverse  Facial 
r.  Internal  Maxillary 
f.   Superficial   Temporal 
t.   Facial 
u.  Lingual 

y.  Transversalis  Colli 
w.  Vena  Cava  Superior, 
jr.   Vena  Cava  Inferior. 
p.   Pulmonary  Vein. 

1.  Pneumogastric     Nerve,    drawn 

to  the  Right  of  its  Normal 
Position  to  show  the  Superior 
Intercostal  Nerve. 

2.  Cervical  Cardiac  Branches  of  1. 

3.  Superior  Cardiac  Nerve. 

4.  Recurrent  Laryngeus. 

5.  Communicating  Branch  to  In- 

ferior Cervical  Ganglion. 

6.  Branch  to  Middle  Cervical  Gang- 

7.  Ascending  Branches.          [lion. 

8.  Descending  Branches. 

9.  Tracheal  Branches. 

10.  Pharyngeal    Branches    to    Con- 

strictors. 

11.  Branches  to  Thyroid  Gland  and 

Larynx. 

12.  Branch  to  Internal  Laryngeal. 

13.  14.  Muscular  Branches. 

15.  Deep  Inferior  Cardiac  Branches. 

16.  Inferior  Cardiac  Branches. 

17.  Superior  Cardiac  Plexus. 

18.  Anterior  Pulmonary  Plexus. 


NEUROLOGY. 


97 


19,  20.  Branches  Investing  the  Pul- 
monary Artery,  and  entering 
the  Lungs. 

21.  Anastomosis  with  left  Pneumo- 

gastric  Nerve. 

22.  Sympathetic  Nerve  at  its  place 
of  Exit  from  the  Carotid  Canal. 

23.  Superior  Cervical  Ganglion. 

24.  Branches  of  23.  [rotid. 

25.  Branches   to    the  Internal  Ca- 

26.  Plexiform  Ramifications  Invest- 

ing the  External  Carotid. 

27.  Branches   to  the  External   Ca- 

rotid. 

28.  Ganglionic  Enlargement. 

29.  Branch  to  Facial  Nerve. 

30.  Branches  to  Temporal  and  In- 

ternal Maxillary  Arteries. 

31.  Branches  to  Facial  Artery. 

32.  Branches  to  Lingual  Artery. 

33.  Branches  to   Superior   Thyroid 

Artery. 

34.  External  Branches  of  Superior 

Laryngeal  Nerve. 

35.  Communicating  Branches  with 

the  Superior  Cardiac  Plexus. 

36.  Superior  Branch  of  the  Cervical 

Cardiac. 

37.  Its  Plexiform  Origin  at  the  Su- 

perior Cervical  Ganglion. 

38.  Branches  Passing  with  the  In- 

ferior  Thyroid  Artery,  sup- 
plying the  Thyroid  Gland. 

39.  Branch  to  the  Cardiac  Plexus. 

40.  Superficial  Cervical  Nerve  ( Sym- 

pathetic) from  the  Superior 
to  Middle  Cervical  Ganglion. 

41.  Middle  Cervical  Ganglion. 

42.  Internal   Branches  of  the  Mid- 

dle Cervical  Ganglion. 

43.  Inferior  Cervical  Ganglion. 

44.  Branches  investing  the  Subclav- 

ian  Artery. 

45.  Middle  Cardiac  Nerve 

46.  Coipmimicatibg  Branch  to  Re- 

current Laryngeal. 


47.  Superior   Cardiac   Nerve   lying 

on  the  Aorta. 
47.1  Superficial  Cardiac  Plexus. 

48.  Branch  passing  to  the  Posterior 

Aspect  of  the  Heart,  and 
communicating  with  the  An- 
terior Pulmonary  Plexus. 

49.  Branch  communicating  with  the 

Anterior  Pulmonary  Plexus. 

50.  Branch    to   the   Left   Coronary 

Artery.  [Artery. 

51.  Branch  to  the  Right  Coronary 

52.  Inferior  Cardiac  Nerve. 

53.  Anterior  Coronary  Plexus. 

54.  Posterior  Coronary  Plexus(  Sym- 

pathetic.) 

55.  Pharyngeal  Branch  of  Pneumo- 

gastric. 

56.  Glosso-pharyngeus  Nerve. 

57.  Branches    to    Internal   Carotid 

Artery. 

58.  Communicating  Branch  of  the 

Glosso-pharyngeus  with  the 
Pharyngeal  Branch  of  the 
Pneumogastric. 

59.  Ramifications    of    the    Glosso- 

pharyngeus  at  the  Tonsil 
(  Root  of  the  Tongue  ). 

60.  Internal    Laryngeal  Branch  ol 

the  Pneumogastric. 

61.  Communicating  Branches  witl 

the    External    Laryngeus 
(  Yago-sympathetic ). 

62.  Muscular  Branches  distributee 

to  the  Constrictors. 

63.  Branches  to  the  Inferior   Coi 

stricter  and  Thyroid  Gland. 

64.  Communicating  Branches  with 

Recurrent  Laryngeus. 

65.  Branches  supplying  the  Muscles 

and    Mucous    Membrane    ot 
the  Larynx. 
(!(').   Hypoglossal  Nerve. 

67.  Its  Anastomosis  with  the  Firs 

and  Second  Cervical  Nerve.- 

68.  Facial  Nerve. 


98 


NEUROLOGY. 


69.  Communicating  Branch  of  the 

Facial  with  the  Auricular 
Filaments  of  the  Inferior 
Maxillary  division  of  the 
Trigeminus. 

70.  Temporal  Branch  of  Facial. 

71.  Branch  to  Digastricus  (Facial). 

72.  Branch  to  Stylo-hyoid. 

73.  Accessory  Portion  of  the  Spinal 

Accessory  Nerve. 

74.  Occipital  Branch  of  the  Second 

Cervical. 

75.  Third      \ 

76.  Fourth    >  Cervical  Nerves. 

77.  Fifth       ) 


78.  Sixth       \ 

79.  Seventh  >  Cervical  nerves. 

80.  Eighth    ) 

81.  First  Dorsal  Nerve  (Dorsalis  Pri- 

mus.) 

82.  Phrenic  Nerve. 

83.  Its  Superior  Roots. 

84.  Its  Inferior  Roots. 

85.  Unusual  Branches  of  the  Third 

Cervical. 

86.  Supraspinatus  Nerve. 

87.  Branches  supplying   Pectoralis 

Major  and  Serratus  Magnus. 

88.  Median  and  Radial  Nerves. 


PLATES   XVII   AND   XVIII. 


A.  Heart.     The  Apex  turned  to  the 

right  exposing  the  Nerves  on 
the  Left  Side. 

B.  Inferior  Surface  of  the  Heart. 

C.  Left  Auricle. 

D.  Pulmonary  Vein. 

E.  Trunk  of  Pulmonary  Artery. 

F.  Right  Pulmonary  Artery. 

G.  Left  Pulmonary  Artery. 
H.  Ligamentum  Arteriosum. 
I.   Arch  of  the  Aorta. 

K.  Innominate  Artery. 
L.  Left  Common  Carotid  Artery. 
M.  Left  Subclavian  Artery. 
N.  Thoracic  Aorta. 
0.  Inferior  Thyroid  Artery. 
P.  Superior  Thyroid  Artery. 
Q.  Vertebral  Artery. 
R.  Superficial  Cervical  Branch. 
S.  Transversalis  Colli. 
T.  Internal  Mammary. 
U.  Right  Brachial  Artery. 
V.  Subscapular  Artery. 
X.  (Esophagus. 
Y.  Right  Lung. 
Z.  Left  Lung. 

a.  b.  Posterior  Coronary  Artery, 
c.  Branches  to  Posterior  Surface  of 
Heart. 


d.  Posterior  Coronary  Artery. 

e.  Branch   passing  to  Under   Sur- 

face of  Heart. 

/,  g,  h,  i..  Branches  of  a,  b,  c,  d. 
k.  Left  Pulmonary  Vein. 
L    Deep  Pulmonary  Vein. 
m.  Superficial  Pulmonary  Vein. 
n.  Thyroid  Gland. 

0.  Trachea. 

p.  Pharynx.    . 

q.  Sterno-thyroid  Muscle. 

r.  Sterno-hyoid  Muscle. 

s.  Omo-hyoid  Muscle. 

t.  Rectus    Capitis    Anticus     Major 

Muscle. 

u.  Scalenus  Anticus  Muscle. 
v.    Scalenus  Posticus  Muscle. 
w.  Left  Clavicle. 
x.  Cervical  Vertebra. 
y.  Longus  Colli  Muscle. 
z.  Bronchi. 

1.  Left  Intercostal  Nerve. 

2.  3.  Branches    of  the    Third  Cer- 

vical Nerve. 

4.  Trunk  of  Intercostal  Nerve. 

5.  Thyroid  Ganglion. 

6.  Fourth  Cervical  Nerve. 

7.  Branch  of  6  to  Middle  Cervical 

Ganglion. 


NEUROLOGY. 


99 


8.  Branch  of  the  Fourth  and  Fifth 

Cervical  Nerves  joining  5. 

9.  10.  Two  Branches  from  the  In- 

ferior Cervical  Ganglion  to  5. 

11.  Inferior  Cervical  Ganglion. 

12.  External  Branch  of  11  to  Cer- 

vical Nerves. 

13.  Branch  from  the  Last  Cervical 

and  First  Dorsal  Nerves  to  11. 

14.  Branches  of  the  Superior  Cer- 

vical Ganglion,   which  form 
the  Superior  Cardiac  Nerve. 
15, 16, 17,18.  Superior  Cardiac  Nerve. 

19.  Anastomosis  of  18  with  Superior 

Cervical  Ganglion. 

20.  Branch    of  18   to   Hypoglossal 

Nerve. 

21.  22.  Branches  of  18,  which  pass 

over  the  Arch  of  the  Aorta. 

23.  Thyroid  Branches  of  5. 

24.  Branches  of  5  to  11. 

25.  Branch  from  11  to  26. 

26.  Middle  Cardiac  Nerve. 

27.  Branch  from  5  accompanying  26. 

28.  Ganglioniform   Enlargement 

of  26. 

29.  Branches  of  26  joining  the  great 

Cardiac  Plexus. 

30.  Branch  from  the  Middle  Cervical 
Ganglion  to  the  Arch  of  the  Aorta. 

31.  Deep  Cardiac  Plexus. 

32.  Cardiac  Ganglion  of  Wrisberg. 

33.  Branches   from   31    and   32   to 

Anterior  Coronary  Plexus. 

34.  Right  Lesser  Cardiac  Nerve. 

35.  36.  Branches  to  Anterior  Car- 

diac Plexus. 

37.  Origin  of  Nerves  to  the  Anterior 

Coronary  Plexus. 

38.  Nerves  to  Left  Anterior  Pulmon- 

ary Plexus. 

39.  Branch  of  38  to  Anterior  Coro- 

nary Plexus. 

40.  Branch  from  31  to  Middle  Car- 

diac, [diac  Nerve. 

41.  Branch  from  31  to  Inferior  Car- 


42.  Plexiform   arrangement   of  40 

and  41. 

43.  Trunk  of  Branches  which  form 

the  Posterior  Coronary  Plexus. 

44.  Branches  from  38  to  43. 

45.  46,  47,  48.  Branches  supplying 

the  Pulmonary  Artery  and 
Left  Side  of  the  Heart. 

49,  50.  Branches  passing  to  Ante- 
rior Coronary  Plexus.  [Artery. 

51,  52.  Branches  to  Left  Pulmonary 

53.  Branches  passing  to  k. 

54.  Posterior  Coronary  Plexus. 

55.  Branches  which  accompany  the 

Posterior  Coronary  Artery. 

56.  57.  Branches    supplying    the 

Posterior  Surface  of  the  Heart. 

58,  59.  Nervous  Filaments  from  54. 

60,  61,  62,  63.  Branches  accompany- 
ing the  Left  Branch  of  the 
Posterior  Coronary  Artary. 

64,  65.  Communicating    Branches 
with  Posterior  Coronary  Ar- 

66.  Branch  of  65.  [tery. 

67.  Branches    from    the    Anterior 

Surface  of  the  Heart  to  the 
Posterior  Coronary  Artery. 

68.  Branch  to  the  Auricles. 

69.  70.  Branches   from   31   to  join 

with  Branches  of  54,  passing 
along  the  Arch  of  the  Aorta. 

71.  Left  Pneumogastric  Nerve. 

72.  Superficial  Cardiac  Branch  of  71. 

73.  Communication  of  72  with  18. 

74.  Branch  of  71  going  to  31. 

75.  Branch    of    74    to    Pulmonary 

Plexus. 

76.  Recurrent  Nerve  of  left  side. 

77.  76  passing  beneath  31. 

78.  79.  Branches  of   76  distributed 

to  the  Trachea  and  Thyroid 
Gland. 

80.  Branches  to  Bronchi. 

81.  Branch  to  Pulmonary  Vessels. 

82.  83.  Branches  to  left  Pulmonary 

Artery  and  Left  Lung. 


100 


NEUROLOGY. 


84,  85.  Branches  to  Anterior  Surface 
of  the  Left  Lung. 

86.  Branch  to  Left    Bronchus  and 

(Esophagus. 

87,  88.  Brachial  Plexus. 


89.  Left  Phrenic  Nerve. 

90.  Right  Phrenic  Nerve. 

91.  92.  Branches  accompanying  the 

Transversalis    Colli    and  In- 
ternal Mammary  Arteries. 


PLATES   XIX  AND   XX. 

ANTERIOR  SURFACE  OF  THE  HEART  OF  A  HORSE. 


A.  Right  Ventricle. 

B.  Left  Ventricle. 

C.  Right  Auricle. 

D.  Left  Auricle. 

E.  Pulmonary  Artery. 

F.  Vena  Cava  Superior. 

G.  Aorta. 

H.  Right  Coronary  Artery. 

I.   Branches  to  the  right  Ventricle. 

K.  Branches  to  the  right  Auricle. 

L.  Left  Coronary  Artery. 

M.  . 

Larger  Branches  of  Same. 

Lesser  Branches  of  L. 

R.  Branch  to  Left  Auricle. 

1.  Trunk  of  Right  Cardiac  Nerve. 

2.  Its  Bifurcation. 

3.  Right  Cardiac  Branch. 

4.  5,  6.  Branches  to  the  Right  Heart. 
7.    Ganglioniform  Enlargement. 

8  to  20.  Branches  passing  with  the 
Anterior  Coronary  Artery  and 
its  Branches. 

21  to  24.  Branches  to  Right  Auricle. 

25.  Left  Cardiac  Nerve. 


26,  27.  Branches  joining  the  Major 
Branches  of  the  Left  Coro- 
nary Artery. 

28.  Anastomoses  with  those  of   the 

Right  Cardiac  Nerve. 

29.  Trunk  of  Left  Cardiac  Nerve  di- 

viding into  numerous  branches. 

30.  Left  Cardiac  Ganglion. 

31.  32.    Branches    of   Left    Cardiac 

Nerve  which  do  not  enter 
the  Left  Cardiac  Ganglion. 

33.  Continuation  of  the  Branches  of 
the  Left  Cardiac  Nerve  pass- 
ing through  the  Left  Car- 
diac Ganglion. 

34  to  46.  Branches  of  the  Left  Card- 
iac Nerve  passing  with  the 
Left  Coronary  Artery  and  its 
Branches. 

47.  Branch  of  Left  C.  Nerves  to  the 

Lesser  Branches  of  the  Left 
Coronary  Artery,  and  passing 
with  it. 

48.  Auricular  Nerves. 

49.  50,  51,  52.  Branches  of  the  same 

Nerve  supplying  the  Left 
Ventricle. 


FIG.    II.      ANTERIOR    SURFACE    OF   THE    HUMAN    HEART. 


A.  Right  Ventricle. 

B.  Left  Ventricle. 

C.  Right  Auricle. 

D.  Left  Auricle. 

E.  Vena  Cava  Superior. 

F.  Aorta. 


0.  Pulmonary  Artery. 
H.  Ductus  Arteriosus. 

1.  Right  Coronary  Artery. 

K.  Major  Branch  of  Left  Coronary 

Artery. 
L.  Minor  Branch  of  same. 


N.  B.  The  Nerves  in  this  figure  are  those  passing  with  the  coronary  arteries  on  the  left 
side  of  the  heart,  supplying  the  substance  of  the  left  Ventricle.  The  Superficial  Nerves  and 
the  rest  are  the  same  in  the  human  heart  as  in  that  of  the  horse. 


NK  UROLOGY. 


101 


PLATES   XXI   AND    XXII. 

FIG.    I.       POSTERIOR    SURFACE    OF    THE   HEART    OF    A    HORSE. 


A.  Left  Ventricle. 

B.  Right  Ventricle. 

C.  Left  Auricle. 

D.  Right  Auricle. 

E.  Vena  Cava,  Inferior. 

F.  Coronary  Sinus. 

G.  Middle  Cardiac  Vein. 
H.  Right  Coronary  Artery. 

I.   Branches  to  the  Right  Ventricle. 
K.  Branches  to  the  Left  Ventricle. 
L.  Branch  to  Right  Auricle. 
M.  Branch  of  the  Right   Coronary 

Artery  dividing  into  N  and 

0  Branches. 
N.  To  the  base  of  the  Left  Ventricle. 

0.  Branch  to  Left  Auricle. 

P.  Branch  of  Left  Coronary  Artery. 

1,  2,  3,  4,  5.  Trunk  and  Branches  of 

the  Posterior  Cardiac  Nerve. 
6,  7.  Nervous  Plexus  around  the  Ori- 
fice of  the  Inferior  Vena  Cava. 


8.  9.  Branch  of  Posterior  Cardiac 
Nerve  to  the  Left  Auricle 
and  Ventricle. 

10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16.  Branches 
of  the  same  to  the  Left  Ven- 
tricle. 

17  to  24.  Branches  of  same,  accom- 
panying those  of  the  Right 
Coronary  Artery  to  the  Left 
Ventricle. 

25  to  35.  Branches  of  the  above 
Nerve  passing  with  the 
Branches  of  the  Right  Cor- 
onary Artery  to  the  Right 
Ventricle. 

36,  37,  38.  Branches  from  the  con- 
vex surface  of  the  Right  Ven- 
tricle. 

39  40,  41.  Branches  of  the  same 
Nerve  distributed  to  the  right 
Auricle. 


FIG.    II.       POSTERIOR    SURFACE    OF    THE    HUMAN    HEART. 


A.  Left  Ventricle. 

B.  Right  Ventricle. 

(7.  Vena  Cava  Superior. 
D.  Vena  Cava  Inferior. 


E.  Middle  Cardiac  Vein. 

F.  Vena  Azygos  Sinister. 

G.  H.  Pulmonary  Veins. 


PLATES  XXIII  AND  XXIV. 


A.  Vena  Cava  Superior. 

B.  B.  Internal  Jugular  Vein. 

C.  Inferior  Thyroid  Vein. 

D.  External  Jugular  Vein.        [ular. 

E.  Superficial  part  of  Anterior  Jug- 

F.  Superior  Thyroid  Vein. 

G.  Temporal  Vein. 

H.  Transverse  Facial  Vein. 
/.    External  Pharyngeal  Vein. 
K.  Deep  Lingual  Vein. 
/,.  Anastomosis  of  A' with  D. 
M.  M.  Internal  Jugular  Vein. 


N.  Innominate  Artery. 

0.  Right  Subclavian  Artery. 

P.  P.  Right  Common  Carotid  Artery. 

Q.  Transversalis  Colli  Artery. 

R.  R.  Superior  Thyroid  Artery. 

S.  Lingual  Artery. 

T.  T.  Facial  Artery. 

V.  V.  Temporal  Artery. 

U.  Internal  Maxillary  Artery. 

W.  Posterior  Auricular  Artery. 

X.  X.  Occipital  Artery.  [Bone. 

Y.  Styloid     Process     of    Temporal 


NEUROLOGY. 


Z.  Manubriuin. 

a.   Masseter  Muscle. 

6.    Internal  Pterygoid  Muscle. 

c.  Stylo-glossus  Muscle. 

d.  Stylo-hyoid  Muscle. 

e.  Digastric  Muscle.  Posterior  belly. 
/,/.  Hyo-glossus. 

g.    Genio-glossus  Muscle. 
h.    Genio-hyoid  Muscle. 
i.     Mylo-hyoid  Muscle. 
k.    Thyro-hyoid  Muscle. 
1. 1.  Sterno-thyroid  Muscle. 
in.  m.  Costal  Origin  of    Sterno-thy- 
roid Muscle. 
n.n.  Sterno-hyoid  Muscle. 

0.  Left  Sterno-hyoid  Muscle. 

p.    Sterno-mastoid    Muscle    of    left 

side. 

q.    Pharynx.  [cle. 

r.     Obliquus  Capitis  Superior  Mus- 
s.     Levator  Anguli  Scapula?  Muscle. 
t.      Scalenus  Anticus  Muscle. 
u.    Trapezius  Muscle. 
v-    Scalenus  Posticus  Muscle. 
w.    Right  Sterno-mastoid  Muscle. 
x.    Sublingual  Gland. 
y.    Right  Clavicle. 
z.     Stylo-maxillary  Ligament. 

1.  Ninth    Cranial     Nerve.     Hypo- 

glossal. 

2.  Descendens  Noni  Nerve. 

3.  Branch  of  2  to  Carotid  Vessels. 

4.  5.  Two     branches    piercing    the 

Sterno-hyoid. 

6.  Branch  to  head  of  Sterno-hyoid. 

7.  Its  division  into  minor  branch- 

lets. 

8-11.  Distribution  to   Sterno-hyoid. 
12,  14.  Branches  to  Costo-hyoid. 

15.  Branch  of  Second  Cervical   Spi- 

nal Nerve  which  joins  with  2. 

16.  Branch  from  Third  Cervical  to  2. 

17.  Plexus  formed  by  15,  16  and  2. 
18-21.  Branches  of  17  to  the  Sterno- 
thyroid. 


22.  Prolongation  of  same  to  Sterno- 

hyoid  . 

23,  24.  Branch  passing  to  Sternum. 
25-27.  Branches  passing    with    the 

Phrenic  Nerve. 
28,  29.  Costo-hyoid  Branch. 
30, 31.  Branches  from  the  Fourth  and 

Fifth  Cervical. 

32.  Trunk  of  Ninth  Cranial  Nerve. 

33.  34.  Descending  branch  to  Thyro- 

hyoid. 

35.  Branch  to  Lingual  Muscles. 

36.  38.  Filaments  of  Superior  branch 

to  Lingual  Muscles. 

39.  Double   Anastomosis  with  Gus- 

tatory division  of  Trigem- 
inus. 

40.  Branch    of    32    to     Sublingual 

Gland  and  Tongue. 

41.  Division  of  32  into  branches  to 

Muscles  of  the  Tongue. 

42.  Branch  to  Genio-hyoid. 

43.  Lingual  Branch  of  Fifth  Cranial. 

44.  45.  Lingual    Branch    of    Fifth 

Nerve  supplying  the  Sub- 
maxillary  and  Sublingual 
Glands. 

46.  Branches  to  Glossal  Muscles. 

47.  External  Branch  of  Spinal  Ac- 

cessory. 

48.  Spinal     Accessory     passing    to 

Sterno-mastoid  Muscle. 
48.  Spinal     Accessory     passing   to 
Scapula. 

50.  Second  Cervical  Spinal  Nerve. 

51.  Anastomosis   between  branches 

of  47  and  50. 

52.  Third  Spinal  Cervical  Nerve. 

53.  Anastomosis  of  52  with  57. 

54.  Fourth  Cervical  Spinal  Nerve. 

55.  Fifth  Cervical  Spinal  Nerve. 

56.  Phrenic  Nerve. 

57.  Third  Root   of   Phrenic  Nerve, 

which  in  this  subject  comes 
from  55. 


NEUROLOGY. 


103 


PLATES   XXV   AND   XXVI. 

FIRST  AND  SECOND  CERVICAL  NERVES. 


FIG.   I. 


a.  Lower  Jaw. 

b.  Mastoid  Process. 

c.  Transverse  Process  of  Axis. 

d.  Third  Cervical  Vertebra. 

e.  Fourth  Cervical  Vertebra. 
/.    Temporal  Artery. 

g.    Posterior  Auricular  Artery. 

h.    Superior  Auricular  Artery. 

i.    Occipital  Artery. 

k.   Vertebral  Artery. 

/.    Occipital  Muscle. 

m.  Complexus. 

n.  Obliquus  Superior. 


0.  Obliquus  Inferior. 

p.  Rectus  Capitis  Posticus  Major. 

q.  Rectus  Capitis  Posticus  Minor. 

r.  Rectus  Lateralis. 

s.  Splenius  Capitis. 

t.  Levator  Anguli  Scapulae. 

u.  Sacro-lumbalis. 

v.  Transversalis  Cervicis. 

1.  Suboccipital  Nerve. 

2.  Anterior  Branch. 

3.  Posterior  Branch. 

4.  Branch  to  n  and  p.       [Cervical. 

5.  Descending   Branch   to    second 


PLATES   XXVII   AND   XXVIII. 


THIRD  AND  FOURTH    CERVICAL  NERVES. 


a.  Lower  Jaw.  ' 

b.  Mastoid  Process. 

c.  Superior  curved  line  of  Occipital 

Bone. 

d.  Clavicle. 

e.  Sterno-mastoid 
/.  Platysma 

g.  Risorius 

h.  Masseter 

i.  Occipitalis 

k.  Retrahens  Aurem 

I.  Attolens  Aurem 

m.  Digastric,  posterior  belly 

n.  Stylo-hyoid 

o.  Levator  Anguli  Scapukc 

p.  Scalenus  Anticus 

q.  Omo-hyoid 

r.  Trapezius 

s.  Splenius  Capitis 

t.  Ear. 

u.  External  Meatus  Auditorius. 

v.  Parotid  Gland. 

w.  Vena  Cava  Superior. 

x.  Internal  Jugular  Vc-in. 


y.    Subclavian  Vein. 

z.     External  Jugular  Vein. 

a.    Inferior  Thyroid  Vein. 

1.  Third  Cervical  Nerve. 

2.  Fourth  Cervical  Nerve. 

3.  Fifth  Cervical  Nerve. 

4.  Phrenic  Nerve. 

5    Spinal  Accessory. 

6.  Facial. 

7.  Hypoglossal. 

8.  Occipitalis  Major. 

9.  Communicating  Branch  to  7. 
10,  11.  Muscular  Branches. 

12.  Auricularis  Magnus. 

13.  Occipital  Branch. 

14.  Occipital  Nerve. 

15.  Branch  to  8. 

16.  Cutaneous  Branch. 

17.  Superior  Auricular  Branch. 

18.  Cutaneous  Branch  to  the  Ear 

19.  Anastomosis  with  6. 

20.  Anastomosis  of  1  with  5. 

21.  Middle     cutaneous     Nerve 

the  Neck. 


of 


NEUROLOGY. 


22.  Its  Superior  Branch. 

23.  Anastomosis  with  2. 

24.  Cutaneous  Maxillary  Branch. 

25.  Inferior      Cervical      Cutaneous 

Branch. 

26.  Branch  to  Skin  over  the  Trap- 

ezius 

27.  Anastomosis   with  Second  Cer- 

vical Nerve. 

28.  Muscular  Branches  of  2. 

29.  Anastomosis  with  1. 

30.  Middle  Cervical  cutaneous  Nerve 

31.  A.cromial  and  Clavicular  Branch. 

32.  Sternal  Branch. 

33.  Branch  to  the  Face. 

34.  Joining  with  35. 

35.  Branch  of  21. 

36.  Anastomosis  with  6. 

37.  Parotid  Branch. 


38.  Malar  Branch. 

39.  Auricular  Branch. 

40.  Facial  Cutaneous  Branch. 

41.  Communicating    Branch    from 

30  to  6. 

42.  Mental  Branch. 

43.  Anastomosis  with  6. 

44.  Muscular  Branch. 

45.  Anterior  Branch  of  2. 

46.  Inferior    Cervical    Cutaneous 

Branch. 

47.  Deep  Muscular  Branch. 

48.  Supra-clavicular  Branches. 

49.  Muscular  Branch  of  3. 

50.  Muscular  Branch  of  5. 

51.  Occipital  Branch  of  Facial. 

52.  53,  54,  55.  Muscular  Branches. 
56.  Anastomoses    with    Cervical 

Nerves. 


PLATES   XXIX   AND   XXX. 

NERVES  OF  THE  UPPER  EXTREMITY. 
PIG.    I.       NERVES    OF    THE    AXILLA   AND   ARM. 


a.  Cervical  Vertebra. 

b.  Clavicle. 

c.  First  Rib. 

d.  Humerus. 

e.  Scalenus  Anticus. 
/.  Scalenus  Medius. 
g.  Scalenus  Posticus. 
h.  Trapezius. 

i.  Serratus  Magnus. 

k.  Pectoralis  Major. 

L   Pectoralis  Minor. 

m.  Subscapularis. 

n.  Latissimus  Dorsi. 

o.  Deltoid. 

p.  Coraco-brachialis. 

q,  r.  Biceps. 

s.  Brachialis  Anticus. 

t.   Triceps. 

u.  Pronator  Radii  Teres. 

v.  Flexor  Carpi  Ulnaris. 

w.  Flexor  Profundus  Digitorum. 


x.  Flexor  Sublimis  Digitorum. 
y.  Flexor  Longus  Pollicis. 
z.   Supinator  Longus. 
a.  Axillary  Artery. 
/?.  Brachial  Artery. 
f.  Bifurcation   into  Ulnar  and  Ra- 
dial Artery. 
d    Radial  Artery, 
e.   Internal  Jugular  Vein. 
£.  Subclavian  Vein. 
i}.  External  Jugular  Vein. 
#.  Axillary  Vein. 
/.    Cephalic  Vein. 
x.   Median  Vein. 
I.    Basilic  Vein. 
fji.  Venous  Plexus  af  the  Forearm. 

1.  Anterior    Branch    of    Fourth 

Cervical  Nerve. 

2.  Cutaneous  Branch. 

3.  Supra-clavicular  Branch. 

4.  Cutaneous  Branch. 


NEUROLOGY. 


105 


5.  Internal  Branch  of 

*5.  Middle  Supraclavicular  Nerve. 

6.  Posterior    Supraclavicular 

Nerve. 

7.  Phrenic  Nerve. 

8.  Anastomosis  with  9. 

9.  Anterior  Branch  of  Fifth   Cer- 

vical Nerve. 

10.  Anterior  Branch  of  Sixth   Cer- 

vical Nerve. 

11.  Anastomosis  with  9. 

12.  Suprascapular  Nerve. 

13.  Muscular  Branch. 

14.  Anterior    Branch    of    Seventh 

Cervical  Nerve. 

15.  Muscular  Branch. 

]  6.  Anterior  Branch  of  Eighth  Cer- 
vical Nerve. 

1,  9,  10,  14,  16.  Brachial  Plexus. 
17.  Muscular  Branch. 


13,  15,  17.  Anterior    Thoracic 
Branches. 

18.  Brachial  Plexus  around  the  Ax- 

illary Artery. 

19.  Ulnar  Nerve. 

20.  Subscapular  Nerve. 

21.  Median  Nerve. 

22.  Muscular  Branch. 

23.  Deep  Interosseous. 

24.  Muscular  Branch. 

25.  Cutaneous  Branch. 

26.  Radial  Nerve. 

27.  External  Cutaneous  Nerve. 

28.  Muscular  Branch. 

29.  Axillary  Nerve. 

30.  Musculo-cutaneous  Nerve. 

31.  32.  Muscular  Branch. 

33.  Cutaneous  Branch  to  Forearm. 

34.  Muscular  Branch. 

35.  Branch  joining  33. 


FIG.    II.      NERVES    OF   THE    VOLAR    SURFACE    OF   THE    HAND. 


a.  Pronator  Radii  Teres. 

b.  Radialis  Indicis. 

c.  Tendons    of    Flexor    Sublimis 

Digitorum. 

d.  Supinator  Longus. 

e.  Flexor  Carpi  Ulnaris. 

/.    Flexor  Profundus  Digitorum. 
g.  Pronator  Quadratus. 
h.  Pisiform  Bone. 

1.  Median  Nerve. 

2.  Muscular  Branch. 

3.  Interosseous  Branch. 

4.  5.  Muscular  Branches. 

6.  Long  Cutaneous  Branch. 

7.  Division  of  the  Median  Nerve. 

8.  Ulnar  Branch. 

9.  Branch  to  Third  Lumbricales. 

10.  Anastomosis  with  8. 

11.  Radial   Palmar  Branch   to   the 

Ring  Finger. 

12.  Ulnar    Palmar    Branch   to    the 

Middle  Finger. 

13.  Median  Braneli,  Infernal. 

14.  Radial    Palmar    Branch    to    the 


Middle  Finger. 

15.  Ulnar  Palmar  Branch  to  the  In- 

dex Finger. 

16.  Median  Branch,  External. 

17.  Volar  Branch  of  the  Radial  side 

of  the  Index  Finger. 

18.  Volar  Branch  of  the  Ulnar  side 

of  the  Thumb. 

19.  Volar  Branch  of  the  Radial  side 

of  the  Thumb. 

20.  External  Muscular  Branch. 

21.  Ulnar  Nerve. 

22.  Deep  Branch. 

23.  Superficial  Branch. 

24.  Ulnar  Branch  of  the  Ulnar  si< 

of  the  Little  Finger. 
•J-").     Median  Branch. 

26.  Volar  Branch  of  the  Radial  side 

of  the  Little  Finger. 

27.  Volar  Branch  of  the  Ulnar  side 

of  the  Ring  Finger. 

28.  Anastomosis  with  8. 

29.  Loops   between    the    Radial   and 

Ulnar  Branches. 


106 


NEUROLOGY. 


FIG.    III.      NERVES    OF    THE    DORSUM    OF    THE    HAND. 


1.  Dorsal    Branch    of   the    Ulnar 

Nerve. 

2.  Digital  Branch. 

3.  Digital  Branch  to  Ring  and  Lit- 

tle Finger. 

4.  Dorsal  Branch  to  Radial  side  of 

Little  Finger. 

5.  Dorsal  Branch  to  Ulnar  side  of 

Little  Finger. 

6.  Digital  Branch  to  Ring  and  Mid- 

dle Fingers. 

7.  Dorsal  Branch  to  Radial  side  of 

Ring  Finger. 

8.  Dorsal  Branch  to  Ulnar  side  of 

Middle  Finger. 

9.  Dorsal  Branch  of  Radial  Nerve. 

10.  Dorsal  Branch  of  Radial  side  of 

the  Thumb. 

11.  External  Branch. 


12.  Dorsal  Branch  of  Ulnar  side  of 

the  Thumb. 

13.  Dorsal  Branch  of  Radial  side  of 

the  Index  Finger. 

14.  Internal  Branch.     Radial. 

15.  Dorsal  Branch  of  Ulnar  side  of 

Index  Finger. 

16.  Dorsal  Branch  of  Radial  side  of 

Middle  Finger. 

17.  Anastomosis  of  2  with  9. 

18.  Dorsal  Branch  of  the  Ulnar  side 

of  the  Little  Finger. 

19.  Communicating     Branches   be- 

tween the  Radial  and  Ulnar 
Digital  branches. 

20.  Posterior  cutaneous   Branch  of 

Musculo-cutaneous  nerve. 

21.  Cutaneous  Filaments. 


PLATES   XXXI   AND    XXXII. 

NERVES  OF  THE  INFERIOR  EXTREMITY. 
FIG.    I.    FRONT    VIEW    OF    THE   LEG. 


a.  Ilium. 

6.  Pubis. 

c.  Sacrum. 

d.  Femur. 

e.  Patella. 
/.  Tibia. 

g.  Quadratus  Lumborum 

h.  Psoas  Magnus 

i.  Psoas  Parvus 

k.  Iliacus 

I.  Gluteus  Medius 

m.  Gluteus  Minimus 

n.  Pectineus 

o.  Adductor  Longus 

p.  Adductor  Magnus 

q.  Gracilis 

r.  Tendon  of  Rectus  Femoris 

s.  Crureus 

t.  Vastus  Internus 


>? 


u.    Vastus  Externus 
v.    Biceps  Femoris 
w.    Semitendinosus 
x.    Peroneus  Longus 
y.    Peroneus  Brevis 
2.    Tibialis  Posticus 
a.    Soleus 
/?.  Femoral  Artery. 
f.   Profunda  Femoris. 

d.  Circumflex  Iliac  Artery. 

e.  External  Circumflex  Artery. 
£.  Internal  Circumflex  Artery. 
rt.  Anterior  Tibial  Artery. 

1.  Branch  of  First  Lumbar  Nerve. 

2.  Ilia-inguinal  Nerve. 

3.  External  Cutaneous  Nerve. 

4.  Roots  of  Crural  from  the  Second 

and  Third  Lumbar  Nerves. 

5.  Root  from  Fourth  Lumbar  Nerve. 


NEUROLOGY. 


107 


6.  Anterior  Crural. 

7.  Cutaneous  Nerves  of  the  Thigh. 

8.  Internal  Saphenous  Nerve. 

9.  Internal  Branch. 


10.  External  Branch. 

11.  Anterior  Branch  of  10. 

12.  Posterior  Branch  of  10. 

13.  Superficial  Peroneal. 


FIG.    II.    SCIATIC    NERVE. 


a. 
6. 


Gluteus  Maximus. 
Gluteus  Medius. 

c.  Tensor  Vaginae  Femoris. 

d.  Vastus  Externus. 

e.  Obturator  Internus. 
/,  g.  Biceps  Femoris. 
h.  Semitendinosus. 

i.    Semimembranosus. 
k.  Adductor  Magnus. 
I.   Gracilis. 
m.  Gastrocnemius. 

Tendo  Achillis. 

Plantaris. 

Flexor  Longus  Digitorum. 

Peroneus  Longus. 
r.  Flexor  Longus  Hallucis. 
8.   Peroneus  Brevis. 


t.    Tibialis  Posticus. 

u.  Femoral  Artery. 

v.  Popliteal  Artery. 

w.  Posterior  Tibial  Artery. 

x.  Peroneal  Artery. 

1.  Great  Sciatic  Nerve. 

2.  Muscular  Branch. 

3.  Superior    Inner    Cutaneous 

Branch. 

4.  Inferior    Inner    Cutaneous 

Branch. 

5.  Muscular  Branch. 

6.  Peroneal  Nerve. 

7.  Tibial  Nerve. 

8.  Long  Cutaneous  Nerve. 

9  to  12.  Muscular  Branches. 


PLATES   XXXIII   AND  XXXIV. 


SYMPATHETIC  NERVE. 


a.  Cervical  Vertebrae. 

6.  Dorsal  Vertebras. 

c.  Ribs. 

d.  Lumbar  Vertebrae. 

e.  Sacrum. 
/.  Coccyx. 
g-  Ilium. 
h.  Pubes. 

i.  Scaleni  Muscles. 

k.  Intercostals. 

/.  Diaphragm. 

m.  Quadratus  Lumborum. 

n.  Iliacus. 

o.  (Esophagus. 

p.  Kidney. 

q.  Ureter. 

r.  Trachea. 

s.  Heart. 

t.  Pulmonary  Artery. 


u.  Vena  Cava  Superior. 

v.  Pulmonary  Veins. 

w.  Aorta. 

x.  Anonymous  Artery  ( In  nominate ) . 

y.  Right  Common   Carotid  Artery. 

2.   Right  Subclavian  Artery. 

a.  Vertebral  Artery. 

/?.  Thoracic  Aorta. 

f.  Intercostals. 

#.  Abdominal  Aorta. 

e.   Cceliac  Axis. 

£.  Superior  Mesenteric  Artery. 

y.  Renal  Artery. 

#.  Spermatic  Artery. 

i    Inferior  Mesenteric  Artery. 

x.   Common  Iliac  Artery. 

1.  Phrenic  Nerve. 

2.  Diaphragmatic  Branches. 

3.  Its  Roots. 


108 


NEUROLOGY. 


4.  Superficial  Scapular  Nerve. 

5.  Fifth  Cervical  Nerve. 

6.  Branch    to    Middle    Cervical 

Ganglion. 

7.  Sixth       j 

8.  Seventh  (  Cervical  Nerves. 

9.  Eighth    ) 

10.  Sympathetic  Nerve. 

11.  Middle  Cardiac  Nerve. 

12.  Middle    Cervical    Ganglion — 

Sympathetic. 

13.  Branches  to  Subclavian  Artery. 

14.  Inferior  Cervical  Ganglion. 

15.  Anastomosis  with  12. 

16.  Thoracic  Portion  of  Sympathetic. 
17  to  28.  From    the    First    to    the 

Twelfth    Dorsal    Ganglion. 
Sympathetic. 

29.  Intercostal  Branches  from  Dor- 

sal Nerves. 

30.  Communicating  Branches  from 

17  to  28. 

31.  Branch  to  the  Aorta. 

32.  Roots  of  the  Great  Splanchnic 

Nerve. 

33.  Splanchnic  Ganglia. 

34.  Phrenic  Branch. 

35.  Branch  to  Semilunar  Ganglion. 

36.  Lesser  Splanchnic  Nerve. 
37  to  41.  Five  Lumbar  Nerves. 

42.  Branches  to  the  Sympathetic. 

43.  Lumbar    Portion   of   the    Sym- 

pathetic. 

44  to  48.  Lumbar  Ganglia  of  Sym- 
pathetic. 


49.  Branch  from  44  to  Inferior  Mes- 

enteric  Plexus. 
50  to  53.  Sacral  Nerve. 

54.  Sacral  Portion  of  Sympathetic. 

55.  Branches  of  the  Sacral  Ganglia. 

56.  Lower    Nervous    Circle    of   the 

Sacrum. 

57.  Ganglion  Impar. 

58.  Vagus. 

59.  Recurrent  Branch. 

60.  Pharyngeal  Branch. 

61.  Branches  to  Subclavian  Artery. 

62.  Branches  from  61  to  Innomi- 

nate Artery. 

63.  Cardiac  Plexus. 

64.  Branch  of  59  to  11. 

65.  Branches  of  Vagus  to  Anterior 

Pulmonary  Plexus. 

66.  CEsophageal  Plexus. 

67.  Anastomosis  of  66  with  Ccsliac. 

68.  Branch  of  67  to  (Esophagus. 
69  to  71.  Solar  Plexus. 

72.  Renal  Plexus. 

73.  Branches     of    Sympathetic    to 

Aortic  Plexus. 

74.  Hypogastric  Plexus. 

75.  Muscular    Branch   of    Lumbar 

Plexus. 

76.  Ileo-hypogastric  Nerve. 

77.  Ileo-inguinal  Nerve. 

78.  External  Cutaneous  Nerve. 

79.  Lumbo-inguinal  Nerve. 

80.  External  Spermatic  Nerve. 

81.  Anterior  Crural  Nerve. 

82.  Obturator  Nerve. 

83.  Sciatic  Nerve. 


PLATES   XXXV  AND   XXXVI. 

NERVES  OF  THE  LIVER  AND  STOMACH. 


a.  Right        \ 

b.  Quadrate  >  Lobes  of  the  Liver. 

c.  Left  ) 

d.  Lobus  Spigelii. 

e.  Round  Ligament  of  the  Liver. 
/.  Broad  Ligament  of  the  Liver. 


g.  Gall  Bladder. 

h.  Ductus  Hepaticus. 

i.  Ductus  Communis  Choledochus. 

k.  Diaphragm. 

I.   (Esophagus. 

m.  Cardiac  Portion  of  the  Stomach. 


NEUROLOGY. 


109 


n.  Ventricle. 

o.  Pylorus. 

p.  Duodenum. 

q.  Pancreas. 

r.  Lesser  Omentum. 

s.  Greater  Omentum. 

t.  Left  Coronary  Artery  of  Stomach. 

u.  Right    Coronary    Artery    of    the 

Stomach. 

v.  Pancreatic  Arteries. 
w.  Cystic  Artery. 


x.  Left  Hepatic  Artery. 

y.  Splenic  Artery. 

2.  Vena  Portse. 

a.  Vena  Cava  Ascendens. 

1.  Solar  Plexus. 

2.  Anterior  Gastric  Plexus. 

3.  Great  Gastric  Plexus. 

4.  Hepatic  Plexus. 

5.  Branches  to  Duodenum. 

6.  Inferior  Gastric  Plexus. 

7.  Branches  of  1  to  the  Pancreas. 


PLATES   XXXVII   AND   XXXVIII. 

NERVES  OF  THE  UTERUS. 


a. 

b. 
c. 
d. 
e. 
/• 

9- 
h. 

i. 

k. 

L 

m 

n. 

o. 

P- 

V- 
r. 

s. 
t. 
u. 

V. 

w. 

:x. 

•y- 

z. 


Lumbar  Vertebrae. 
Sacrum. 

v 

Ilium. 

Iliacus  Muscle. 

Quadratus  Lumborum  Muscle. 

Psoas  Magnus  Muscle. 

Psoas  Parvus  Muscle. 

Diaphragm. 

Kidney. 

Ureter. 

Rectum. 

Vagina. 

Uterus. 

Fallopian  Tube. 

Fimbriated     Extremity. 

Ovary. 

Broad  Ligament  of  the  Uterus. 

Abdominal  Aorta. 

Superior  Mesenteric  Artery 

Renal  Artery. 

Spermatic  Artery. 

Inferior  Mesenteric  Artery. 

Lumbar  Arteries. 

Common  Iliac  Artery. 

Middle  Sacral  Artery. 


a.  Femoral  Artery. 

/?.  Internal  Iliac  Artery. 

f.  Lateral  Sacral  Arteries. 

d.  Gluteal  Artery. 

e.  Umbilical  Artery. 
£.  Obturator  Artery. 
37.  Uterine  Artery. 

1.  Sympathetic  Nerve. 

2.  First 

3.  Second 

4.  Third      ^  Lumbar  Ganglia. 

5.  Fourth 

6.  Fifth 

7.  Anterior  Renal  Ganglion. 

8.  Renal  Plexus. 

9.  Spermatic  Plexus. 

10.  Inferior  Mesenteric  Plexus. 

11.  Posterior  Uterine  Plexus. 

12.  Lateral  Uterine  Plexus. 

13.  Cutaneous  Branch  from  the  Fii 

Lumbar  Nerve. 
14-16.  Cutaneous  Branches  of  tl 
Second,   Third,   and   Foui 
Lumbar  Nerves. 


PLATES   XXXIX  AND  XL. 

NERVES  OF  THE  MALE  GENITALIA. 


a.  Lumbar  Vertebrae. 
6.   Sacrum. 


FIG.   I. 

I  c.   Auricular  Surface. 
I  d.  Coccyx. 


110 


NEUROLOGY. 


e.  Pubes. 

/.   Quadratus  Lumborum 

g.  Intertransversalii  Lumbales 

h.  Sacro-lumbalis 

i.   Coccygeus 

k.  Sphincter  Ani  Externum 

I.  Levator  Ani 
in.  Crus  Penis 

•i.  Abdominal  Aorta. 

>.  Common  Iliac  Artery. 

.).  Rectum. 

q.  Bladder. 

r.  Ureter. 

s.   Urachus. 

t.   Prostate  Gland. 

u.  Vesicula  Seminales. 

v.  Vas  Deferens. 

w.  Spermatic  Artery. 

x.  Spermatic  Vein. 

y.  Spermatic  Cord. 

z.  Scrotum. 

a.  Septum  Scroti. 

p.  Corpus  Cavernosum  Penis. 

f.  Urethra. 

d.  Isthmus  of  Urethra. 

e.  Glans  Penis. 

1.  Sympathetic  Nerve. 

2.  Third     \ 

3.  Fourth  >  Lumbar  Ganglia. 

4.  Fifth      ) 

5.  Aortic  Branches  of  4.          [to.  7, 

6.  Branches  from  the  Solar  Plexus 

7.  Inferior  Aortic  Plexus. 

8.  Communicating  Branches  from 

2  to  Third  and  Fourth  Lum- 
bar Nerves. 

9.  First       \ 

10.  Second  >  Sacral  Ganglia. 

II.  Third     ) 

12.  Branch  from  9  to  last  Lumbar 
Nerve. 


13.  Branch  from  10  to  First  Sacral 

Nerve. 

14.  Branch  from  the  Third  to   the 

Second  Sacral  Nerve. 

15.  Ileo-hypogastric  Plexus. 

16.  Hypogastric  Plexus. 

17.  Branch  to  Spermatic  Cord. 

18.  Anterior  Brunch  of  Second  Lum- 

bar Nerve. 

19.  Genito-crural  Nerve. 

20.  External  Cutaneous  Nerve. 

21.  Anterior  Branch  of  Third  Lum- 

bar Nerve. 

22.  Communicating  Branch  to  18. 

23.  Anterior  Branch  of  the  Fourth 

Lumbar  Nerve. 

24.  Communicating  Branch  to  21. 

25.  Obturator  Nerve. 

26.  Anterior   Branch   of  the   Fifth 

Lumbar  Nerve. 

27.  Communicating  Branch  to  23. 

28.  Anterior  Branch  of  First  Sacral 

Nerve.  [ral  Nerve. 

29.  Anterior  Branch  of  Second  Sac- 

30.  Anterior  Branch  of  Third  Sacral 

Nerve. 

31.  Sciatic  Plexus. 

32.  Hemorrhoidal  Nerves. 

33.  Vesical  Nerves. 

34.  Anterior  Branch  of  the  Fourth 

Sacral. 

35.  Communicating  Branch  with  30. 

36.  Pubic  Plexus. 

37.  Cutaneous  Nerve  of  the  Thigh. 

38.  Inferior  Hemorrhoidal  Nerve. 

39.  Anastomosis  with  36. 

40.  Pubic  Nerve. 

41.  Superficial  Pudic. 

42.  Superior  Pudic. 

43.  Cutaneous  Branches  to  the  Penis. 

44.  Branch  to  the  Glans  Penis. 


FIG.    II.       NERVES    OF    THE    PENIS. 


a.  Corpus  Cavernosum  Penis. 
6.  Urethra. 


c.  Glans  Penis. 

d.  Dorsal  Vein  of  the  Penis. 


NEUROLOGY. 


11] 


1.  Nerve  of  the  Penis. 

2.  Cutaneous  Branches. 

3.  External  Branch. 

4.  Internal  Branch. 


5.  Right  Plexus. 

6.  Left  Plexus. 

7.  Cutaneous  Branch. 

8.  Branch  to  Glans. 


PIG.    III. 


a. 

b. 

c. 

d. 
e. 
/• 

9- 

h. 

i. 

k. 

I. 

m 

n. 

o. 

P- 

9- 
r. 

s. 
t. 
u. 

V. 

w. 

X. 

y- 

z. 
a. 

1. 
2. 

3. 

4. 
5. 


Fifth  Lumbar  Vertebrae. 

Articular  Processes  of  the  Lum- 
bo-sacral  Joint. 

Coccyx. 

Tuberosity  of  the  Ischium. 

Femur. 

Sacro-sciatic  Ligament. 

Anus. 

Vulva. 

Perineum. 

Multifidus  Spinse  muscle. 

Sphincter  ani  Externus 

Constrictor  Vaginas 

Levator  Ani 

Transversus  Perinei 

Crus  of  the  Clitoris 

Gluteus  Magnus 

Gluteus  Medius 

Gluteus  Minimus 

Pyriformis 

Gernellus  Superior 

Gemellus  Inferior 

Quadratus  Femoris 

Obturator  Internus 

Long  Head  of  Biceps  Femoris 

Semitendinosus 

Adductor  Magnus 

Branches  of  the  Pos- 
terior Division  of  the 
Third  Lumbar  Nerve. 

Communicating  Branch  to   Sec- 
ond Lumbar. 

Branches  of  the  Pos- 
terior Division  of  the 
Fourth  Lumbar  Nerve. 


Internal 
External 


Internal 
External 


6.  Communicating  Branch  toThird 

Lumbar. 

7.  Internal    <  Branches  of  the  Pos- 

8.  External      tenor  Division  of  the 

(  tilth  Lumbar  Nerve. 

9.  Trunk  formed  by  the  Posterior 

Sacral  Nerves. 

10.  Posterior  Branch  of  the  Third 

Sacral  Nerve. 

11.  Posterior  Branch  of  the  Fourth 

Sacral  Nerve. 

12.  Cutaneous    Branch    to   Gluteal 

Region. 

13.  Superior  Gluteal  Nerve. 

14.  Muscular  Branch. 

15.  Sciatic  Plexus. 

16.  Muscular  Branch. 

17.  Inferior  Gluteal  Nerve. 

18.  Posterior  Cutaneous  Nerve  of  the 

Thigh. 

19.  Inferior    Cutaneous    Nerves    of 

Gluteal  Region. 

20.  Cutaneous  Branch  to  Genitali* 

21.  Cutaneous  Branch  to   Back 

Thigh. 

22.  23.  Muscular  Branches. 

24.  Sciatic  Nerve. 

25,  26.  Muscular  Branches. 

27.  Anterior  Branch  of  Fourth  Sac 

ral  Nerve. 

28.  External  Pudic  Plexus. 

29.  Inferior  Hemorrhoidal  Nerve. 

30.  External  Pudic  Nerve. 

31.  Superficial  Pudic  Nerve. 

32.  Anastomosis  with  18. 


A.  Left  Lung.     Posterior  Surface. 

B.  Right  Lung.     Posterior  Surface. 

C.  Section  of  Right  Lung. 


PLATES  XLI  AND  XLII. 

7).  Trachea. 

E.  Left  Bronchus. 

F.  Right  Bronchus. 


112 


NEUROLOGY. 


G  to  L.  Division  of  F. 

M.  Heart. 

N.  Coronary  Veins. 

0.  Vena  Cava.     Section. 

P.  Foramen  Ovale. 

Q.  Eustachian  Valve. 

R.  Columns  Carnesa. 

5.  Sinus  of  Pulmonary  Vein. 
T,  U.  Right  Pulmonary  Veins. 
V.  Pulmonary  Artery. 

W.  Thoracic  Aorta. 

X.  Left  Subclavian  Artery. 

Y.  Innominate  Artery. 

Z.  (Esophagus. 

a.  First  Dorsal  Vertebrae. 

6.  Superior  (Esophageal  Artery. 

c.  Right  Bronchial  Artery. 

d,  e,  f,  g.  Branches  of  c. 

h.  Anterior  Coronary  Artery. 
?',  k,  I.  Branches  of  h. 
m.  Posterior  Coronary  Artery. 
n.  Vena  Cordis  Media. 

0.  p.  Branches  of  Coronary  Vein. 

q.  Arteries  supplying  the  Coronary 

Sinus. 

r.  Veins  from  the  Coronary  Sinus. 
s.   Bronchial  Artery. 

1.  Right  Pneumogastric. 

2.  Recurrens  Nerve. 

3.  Branches  to  the  Trachea. 

4.  CEsophageal  Plexus.  [agus. 

5.  Branches  supplying  the  CEsoph- 

6.  7, 8.  Branches  supplying  the  Tra- 

chea and  Tracheal  Glands. 


9.  Branches  to  the  Pulmonary 
Plexus. 

10.  Branch  to  Right  Bronchus. 

11.  Branch  to  Posterior  Pulmonary 

Plexus. 

12-16.  Bronchial  Branches. 
17-19.  Branches  to  the  Divisions  of 

the  Bronchi  and  Air  Cells  of 

the  Lungs. 
20-22.  Branches    of    the   Posterior 

Pulmonary    Plexus    to     the 

Right  Bronchus. 

23.  Communication  of  20  and  21. 

24.  Branch  to  Right  Bronchus  and 

Lung. 

25.  26,  27.  Branches  of  24. 

28-32.  Branches  of  24  following  the 
Division  of  the  Right  Bron- 
chus. 

33.  Branch  passing  to  Anterior  Sur- 
face of  the  Lung. 

34-36.  Branches  lying  on  the  (Esoph- 
agus. 

37-39.  Great  (Esophageal  Plexus. 

40,  41.  (Esophageal  Filaments. 

42.  Filaments  from  the  Anterior  Cor- 

onary Plexus. 

43.  CommunicatingBranch  from  the 

great  Cardiac  Plexus. 

44-48.  Filaments  accompanying  the 
Anterior  Coronary  Artery. 

49.  Branch  accompanying  the  Pos- 
terior Coronary  Artery. 


PLATES  XLIII  AND  XLIV. 


PIG.    I. 


o.  Third 

6.  Fourth  >  Lumbar  Vertebrae. 

c.  Fifth      ) 

d.  Sacrum. 

e.  Coccyx. 
/.  Pubes. 

g.  Symphysis  Pubis. 

h.  Sacro-spinous  Ligament. 


1.  Iliacus  Muscle. 

k.  Transversalis  Abdominis. 

i.  Rectus  Abdominis. 

m.  Internal  Abdominal  Ring. 

n.  Obturator  Internus  Muscle. 

o.  Gluteus  Maximus  Muscle. 

p.  Coccygeus  Muscle. 

q.  Pyriformis  Muscle. 


NEUROLOGY. 


113 


r.   Abdominal  Aorta. 
s.   Common  Iliac. 
t.   Femoral  Artery. 
u.  Internal  Iliac. 
v.  Obturator  Artery. 
w.  Gluteal  Artery. 
x.   Gluteal  Vein. 
y.  Obturator  Vein. 
2.   Internal  Iliac  Vein. 
a.  Spermatic  Cord. 


a  to  g.  Same  as  Fig.  1. 
h.  Ischium. 

i.   Sacrb-Sciatic  Ligament. 
I.   Obturator  Membrane. 
m.  Pyriformis  Muscle. 
n.  Psoas  Muscle. 

0.  Obturator  Artery. 
p.  Obturator  Vein. 

1.  Obturator  Nerve. 

2.  Lumbar  Portion  of  the  Sciatic 

Plexus. 

3.  Gluteal  Branch. 


/9.  Corpus  Cavernosum  Penis. 

f.  Bulb  of  Urethra. 

1.  Obturator  Nerve. 

2.  Lumbar  Portion  of  Sciatic  Plexus. 

3.  Pubic  Plexus. 

4.  Common  Pubic  Nerve. 

5.  Superficial  Pubic  Nerve. 

6.  Superior  Pubic  Nerve. 

7.  Sasral  portion  of  the  Sympathetic. 


FIG.    II. 


4. 


Anterior  Branch  of  First  Sacral 

Nerve. 
Branch     from     Second    Sacral 

Nerve. 

6.  Third  Sacral  Nerve. 
Sciatic  Plexus. 
Pudic  Nerve. 
Inferior  Pudendal  Nerve. 

10.  Superficial  Pudic  Nerve. 

11.  Pelvic  Portion  of  the   Sympa- 

thetic. 


5. 


7. 


9. 


PLATES   XLV  AND   XLVI. 


a.  Lesser  wings  of  Sphenoid  Bone. 
6.  Petrous  Portion  of  Temporal  Bone 

c.  Meatus  Auditorius  Internus. 

d.  Transverse  Sinus. 

e.  Mastoid  Process. 
/.   Cervical  Vertebrae. 

g.  First  Dorsal  Vertebrae 

h.  Ligamentum  Denticulatum. 

i.   Clavicle. 

k.  Scapula}. 

I.    Sterno  Mastoid. 

m.  Trapezius 

n.  Rhomboideus  Major 

o.  Rhomboideus  Minor 

p.  Levator  Anguli  Scapulae 

q.  Scaleni 

r.   Depressor  Anguli  Scapula1 


s.  Omo-hyoid 

t.  Supra-spinatus 

u.  Infra-spinatus 

v.  Deltoid 

w.  Teres  Minor 

x.  Teres  Major 

y.  Latissimus  Dorsi 

z.  Jugular  Vein. 

a.  Transversalis  Colli  Artery. 

/?.  Common  Carotid. 

f.  Vertebral  Artery. 

d.  Internal  Carotid  Artery. 

1.  Optic  Nerve. 

2.  Optic  Commissure. 

3.  Optic  Tract. 
•1.  Motor  Oculi. 

5.  Medulla  Oblongata. 


s 

a 


114 


NEUROLOGY. 


6.  Fourth  Ventricle. 

7.  Calamus  Scriptorius. 

8.  Stria?. 

9.  Trigeminus. 

10.  Portio  Dura. 

11.  Portio  Mollis. 

12.  Glosso-pharyngeus. 

13.  Communicating  Branch  to  Phar- 

yngeal  Branch  of  the  Vagus. 

14.  Branches    to    Internal    Carotid 

Artery. 

15.  Branch  to  Communicans  Faciei. 

16.  Stylo-pharyngeal  Branch. 

17.  Pneumogastric. 

18.  Laryngeal  Branch. 

19.  Nervus  Accessorius  Willisii. 

20.  Anterior  Branch. 

21.  Posterior  Branch. 

22.  Origin  of  19. 

23.  Spinal  Roots. 

24.  Roots  from  the  Medulla  Oblon- 

gata. 

25.  Anastomosis  of  20  with  the  Va- 

gus. 

26.  Branch  of  20  to  27. 

27.  Ganglion  of  the  Pneumogastric. 


28.  Branches  of  21  to  Sterno-mastoid. 

29.  Branches  from  the  Second  and 

Third  Cervical  Nerve  to  the 
Spinal  Accessory. 

30.  Terminal   Fibres  of  19   in  the 

Trapezius. 

31.  Spinal  Cord. 

32.  Posterior  Roots  of  the  Cervical 

Nerves. 
33..  First  Cervical  Nerve. 

34.  Branch  of  33  to 

35.  Hypoglossal  Nerve. 

36.  Ganglion  of 

37.  Second  Cervical  Nerve. 

38.  Branch  •  to    Superior    Cervical 

Ganglion. 

39.  Third  Cervical  Nerve. 

40.  Fourth  Cervical  Nerve. 

41.  Muscular  Branch  to  Levator  An- 

guli  ScapulaB. 

42.  Fifth  Cervical  Nerve. 

43.  Sixth  Cervical  Nerve. 

44.  Branch  of  40  to  Trapezius. 

45.  Branch  of  42  to  the  Trapezius. 

46.  Anastomosis  of  40  and  42  with  30. 

47.  Brachial  Plexus. 


a.  Root  of  the  Nose. 

b.  Dorsum. 

c.  Apex. 


FIG.    II. 


PLATES  XLVII  ANDXLVIII. 

THE  NOSE. 
PIG.    I.      PROFILE    OF   THE    NOSE. 

d.  Ala  Nasi. 

e.  Septum  Narium.  (Membranous.) 
/.   Left  External  Nasal  Opening. 

PROFILE    OF    THE    NOSE,    THE    INTEGUMENT    BEING    REMOVED. 


a  to/.  Same  as  Fig.  1. 
g.  Nasal  Bone. 
h.  Triangular  Cartilage. 
i.   Cartilage  of  Ala  Nasi. 


k.  External  Horn. 
I.   Internal  Horn. 
m.  Angle. 
n.  Square  Cartilages. 


FIG.    III.      ANTERIOR    ASPECT    OF    THE    NOSE. 
LETTERS    SAME    AS   IN    PREVIOUS    FIGURES. 


A.  Anterior  Aspect. 

B.  Same,  denuded  of  the  Skin. 


o.   Sesamoid    Cartilages. 


NEUROLOGY. 


llf, 


FIG.    IV.       INFERIOR  ASPECT   OF   THE   NOSE. 

Letters  same  as  in  preceding.  |  p.  Cartilaginous  Septum. 

FIG.    V.      CARTILAGES    OF  THE  NOSE. 
FIG.   VI.      SIDE   VIEW  OF  THE  TRIANGULAR  CARTILAGE  OF  THE    NOSE. 


FIG.   VII.       SEPTUM    OF    THE    NOSE. 


A.  Side  View. 


B.  Anterior  Aspect.  (Cartilaginous.) 


FIG.    VIII.      BONY  PORTION  OF   THE  NOSE. 


a.  Frontal  Bone. 
6.  Nasal  Portion. 

c.  Frontal  Sinus. 

d.  Superior  Nasal  Spine. 

e.  Orbital  Process  of  Frontal  Bone. 
/.   Sphenoid. 

g.   Body. 

h.  Sphenoidal  Sinus. 

i.   Ala  Minor. 

k.  Optic  Foramen. 

L   Ala  Magna. 

m.  Cornu  Sphenoidale. 


H. 
0. 

p- 

9- 

r. 


Spheno-palatine  Foramen. 
Pterygoid  Process. 
External  I  t 
Internal  i  Pterygoid  *!"*«• 

Palate  Bone. 
Horizontal  Plate. 


t.   Perpendicular  Plate. 

u.  Superior  Maxillary  Bone. 

v.  Alveolar  Process. 

w.  Palate  Process. 

x.  Nasal  Crest. 

y.  Anterior  Palatine  Canal. 

2.   Anterior-Inferior  Nasal  Spine. 

a.  Nasal  Process. 

j9.  Meatus  Inferior. 

f.  Inferior  Turbinated  Bone. 

d.  Middle  Meatus. 

e.  Ethmoid  Bone. 
£.  Cribriform  Plate. 

37.   Superior  Turbinated  Bone. 
$.  Superior  Meatus. 
i.    Middle  Turbinated  Bone. 
x.   Nasal  Bone. 


FIGS.    IX  TO    XIV.      SECTIONS  OF   THE  NASAL  CAVITY  WITH  THE    SOFT    PARTS. 


FIG.    IX. 


a.  Lateral  Cartilages. 

b.  Cartilaginous  Septum. 
Schneiderian  Membrane. 


c. 


d.  Outer  Wall  of  the  Nose. 

e.  Nasal  Orifices. 


FIG.    X. 


a.  Nasal  Bone. 

6.  Inferior  Turbinated  Bone. 

c.  Palate  Process  of  Upper  Maxilla. 

d.  Inner  Wall  of  Antrum. 

e.  Perpendicular  Plate  of  the  Eth- 

moid. 

/.  Cartilaginous  Septum  of  the  Nose. 


g.  Nasal  Crest. 
h.  Nasal  Process  of  Superior  Maxilla. 
i.   Lachrymal  Sac. 
k.  Lachrymal  Canal. 
/.    Lower  Opening  of  k. 
m,  n,  o.  Mucous  Membrane  of  Nasal 
Cavity. 


116 


NEUROLOGY. 


FIG.    XI. 


a.  Frontal  Bone. 

b.  Dura  Mater. 

c.  Crista  Galli. 

d.  Cribriform  Plate  of  the  Ethmoid. 

e.  Vertical  Plate  of  the  Ethmoid. 
/.   Middle  Turbinated  Bone. 

g.  Ethmoidal  Cells. 

h.  Lamina     Papyracea    Ossis    Eth- 

moidei. 

i.   Inferior  Turbinated  Bone. 
k.  Vomer. 
I.   Superior  Maxillary  Bone. 


c. 


in.  Antrum  of  Highmore. 

n.  Mucous  Membrane  lining  it. 

o.  Zygomatic  Process. 

p.  Orbital  Surface. 

q.  Palate  Process. 

r.   Nasal  Crest. 

s.   Alveolar  Process. 

t.    Inferior  Meatus. 

u.  Middle  Meatus. 

v.  Nasal  Canal. 

w.  Opening  of  the  Antrum. 


FIGS.    XII    AND    XIII. 


a.  Nasal  Bone. 
6.  Frontal  Bone. 
Frontal  Sinus. 


d.  Ethmoid  Bone. 


e.   Sphenoid  Bone. 
/.   Sphenoidal  Sinus. 
g.  Mucous  Membrane  of/. 
h.  Septum  of  the  Nose. 


PLATES   XLIX  AND   L. 

NERVES  OF  THE  NASAL  FOSSAE. 


FIG.    I. 


a.  Spinous  Processes  of  Second  and 

Third  Cervical  VertebrEe. 
6.  Transverse  Processes. 

c.  Atlas. 

d.  Occipital  Bone. 

e.  Sphenoid  Bone. 
/.    Sphenoidal  Sinus. 
g.  Frontal  Bone. 

h.  Frontal  Sinus. 

i.   Nasal  Bone. 

k.  Superior  Maxillary  Bone. 

I.   Palate  Process. 

m.  Alveolar  Process. 

n.  Inferior  Turbinated  Bone. 

o.  Middle  Turbinated  Bone. 

p.  Superior  Turbinated  Bone. 

q.  Cribriform  Plate  of  Ethmoid. 

r.  Lower  Jaw. 

s.  Hyoid  Bone. 

t.   Pterygo-palatine  Canal. 

u.  Tongue. 


v.  Velum  Pendulum  Palati. 

w.  Uvula 

x.  Fauces. 

y.  Tonsils. 

z.   Pharynx. 

a.  Eustachian  Tube. 

/9.  <Esophagus. 

Y.  Larynx. 

d.  Epiglottis. 

e.  Ventriculus  Morgani. 
£.  Thyroid  Cartilage. 

351.  Cricoid  Cartilage. 

#.  Trachea. 

i.    Thyroid  Gland. 

x.  Dura  Mater  of  the  Spinal  Cord. 

^.   Genio-glossus  Muscle. 

IJL.  Genio-hyoid          " 

\>.  Mylo-hyoid  " 

£.  Thyro-hyoid  Membrane. 

a.  Common  Carotid  Artery. 

n.  External  Carotid  Artery. 


NEUROLOGY. 


11; 


ft.  Superior  Thyroid. 
a.  Superior  Laryngeal. 
u.  Lingual  Artery. 
v.  Ascending  Pharyngeal. 

Internal  Carotid. 

Vertebral. 

Palatine. 

Branches  of  (p. 

Roots  of  the  three  upper  Cervical 
Nerves. 

2.  Anterior  Root  of  the  First  Cervi- 

cal Nerve. 

3.  Anterior  Root  of  the  Second  Cerv- 

ical Nerve. 

4.  Communicating  Loop. 

5.  Branch  to  Hypoglossal. 

6.  Branch  to  Superior  Cervical  Gang- 

lion. 

7.  Anterior  Branch  of  third  Cervical 

Nerve. 

8.  Branch  to  Superior  Cervical  Gang- 

.lion. 

9.  Communicating  Loop. 

10.  Branch  of  9  to  Superior  Cervical 

Ganglion. 

11.  Glossopharyngeus  Nerve. 

12.  Branch  to  Pharyngeal  Plexus. 

13.  Pharyngeal  Branch. 

14.  Lingual  Branch. 

15.  Vagus. 

16.  Pharyngeal  Branch. 

17.  Superior  Laryngeal. 

18.  Internal  Branch. 

19.  Branch  to  Epiglottis. 

20.  External  Laryngeal  Branch. 

21.  Hypoglossal. 


22.  External    Branch   of  Olfactory 

Nerve. 

23.  Ethmoidal     Branch    of   Trige- 

minus. 

24.  Entrance  into  the  Nasal  Fossa. 

25.  Bfanch  to  Septum  of  the  Nose. 

26.  Branch  to   Wall   of  the   Nasal 

Fossa. 

27.  Branch  to  Outer  Part  of  Nose. 

28.  Spheno-palatine  Nerve. 

29.  Spheno-palatine  Ganglion. 

30.  Nerve  to  the  Septum  of  the  Nose. 

31.  Superior- Posterior  Nasal  Nerve. 

32.  Superior-Anterior  Nasal  Nerve. 

33.  Vidian  Nerve. 

34.  Pharyngeal  Branch. 

35.  Palatine  Nerve. 

36.  External  Branch. 

37.  Internal  Branch. 

38.  Anterior  Branch. 

39.  Middle  Nasal  Nerve. 

40.  Inferior  Nasal  Nerve.  . 

41.  Internal  Branch  of  38. 

42.  External  Branch  of  38. 

43.  Superior  Cervical  Ganglion. 

44.  Branch  joining  External  Larvn- 

45.  Long  Cardiac  Nerve.  fgeal. 

46.  Sympathetic  Nerve. 

47.  Plexus  Nervorum  Mollium. 

48.  Branch  joining  Internal   Lnryn 

geal, 

49.  Branch  joining  External  Laryn- 

geal. 

50.  Branch  joining  Pharyngeal. 

51.  Trunk  of  46.  [lion. 

52.  Branch  of  51  to  Petrosal  Gang- 


FIG.    II.       DISTRIBUTION    OP    NASAL   NERVES    TO    THE 
MUCOUS    MEMBRANE    OK    THE    NOSE. 


a.  Frontal  Bone. 

b.  Frontal  Sinus. 

c.  Nasal  Bone. 

d.  Sphenoid  Bone. 

e.  Sphenoidal  Sinus. 

/.  Superior  Maxillary  Bone. 


g.  Incisive  Canal. 
h.  Anterior-Inferior  Nasal  Spine. 
i.   Velum  Palati. 
k.  Posterior  Nares. 
I.   Eustachian  Tube. 
m.  Inner  Surface   of  the  Mucous 
Membrane  of  the  Septum. 


118 


NEUROLOGY. 


1.  Inner  Branches  of  the  Olfactory 

Nerve. 

2.  Branch  of  Ethmoidal   Nerve  to 

the  Septum. 


3.  Naso-palatine  Nerve/ 

4.  Naso-palatine  Ganglion. 

5.  Nerve  of  the  Septum  of  the  Nose. 
0.  Posterior  Superior  Nasal  Nerve. 


FIG.  III.     MUCOUS  MEMBRANE    OF    THE  NOSE,  ENLARGED   NINETY   DIAMETERS. 


a.  Basement  Membrane. 

b.  Pits. 

c.  Mucous  Glands. 

d.  Their  Openings. 

FIG.  IV.      MUCOUS    FOLLICLES. 


e.   Hair. 

/.   Bulb  of  the  Hair. 

g.  Sheath. 

TWO    HUNDRED    DIAMETERS. 


PLATES   LI   AND  LII. 
THE  EYE. 

FIG.    I. 


a.  Eyebrow. 

6.  Its  External  Portion. 

c.  Upper  Eyelid. 

d.  Lower  Eyelid. 

e.  Margin. 
/.  Cilia. 

h.  Internal   }  Commissures  and  An-  |  </.  Conjunctiva. 
External 


k.  Lachrymal  Duct. 
I.    Puncta  Lachrymalis. 
ra.  Caruncula  Lachrymalis. 
n.  Eyeball, 
o.   Iris. 
p.  Pupil. 


i. 


gles  of  the  eye. 


FIG.    II.       ARTERIES    OF    THE    EYE. 


a.  Superior 

b.  Lower 

c.  External 

d.  Internal 

e.  Orbicularis  Palpebarum. 

/.  Branch  of  Ophthalmic  Artery. 


Eyelid. 
Canthus. 


g.  Branch  of  Superior  Coronary  of 

Facial. 

h.  Branch  of  Facial. 
i.    Branch  of  Transverse  Facial. 
k.  Branches  of  Temporal  Artery. 


FIG.   III.       NERVES    OF    THE    EYELIDS. 


a  to  e.  Same  as  Fig.  2. 

/.   Frontal  Branch  of  Supra- orbital 

Nerve. 

g.  Branch  to  the  Forehead. 
h,  i.  Branch  to  Frontalis  Muscle. 
k.  Superciliary  Branch  of/. 


I.    Superior  Palpebral. 

m.  Cutaneous  Plexus. 

n.  Inferior  Palpebral. 

o.   Branches  which  join  the  Facial 

Nerve. 
p.  Branches  of  Frontal  Artery. 


FIG.   IV.       GLANDS    OF    THE    ORBIT.       POSTERIOR    VIEW. 


a  to  e.  Same  as  Fig.  2. 
/.    Puncta  Lachrymalis. 
g.  Meibomian  Glands. 
h.  Caruncula  Lachrymalis. 


i.    Lachrymal  Gland. 

k.  Duct. 

I.   Conjuctiva. 


NEUROLOGY. 


119 


FIG.  V    TO    VIII.       MUSCLES    OF   THE    EYEBALL. 


a.  Optic  Nerve. 

b.  Eyeball. 

c.  Superior  ^ 

d.  Internal    I  Rectus  Muscles. 

e.  Inferior     j 
/.  External  J 


\  Oblique  Muscle. 


g.  Inferior 
h.  Superior 
/.   Trochlea. 

k.  Levator  Palpebrse  Superioris. 
/.   Tendinous   Origin  of  the  Recti 
Muscles. 


FIG.  IX.      LACHRYMAL  APPARATUS. 


A.  Anterior  Aspect. 

B.  Side  View. 

C.  Posterior  Aspect. 

a.  Caruncula  Lachrymalis. 


b.  Puncta  Lachrymalis. 

c.  Canals  for  Tears. 

d.  Lachrymal  Sac. 

e.  Nasal  Duct. 


FIG.  X.       ARTERIES    OF    THE    EYEBALL. 


a.  Optic  Nerve. 

b.  Eyeball. 

c.  Superior  \ 

d.  External  (  Rectus  Muscles. 

e.  Internal    ) 


/.    Obliquus  Superior  Muscle. 

g.  Internal  Carotid  Artery. 

h.  Ophthalmic  Artery. 

i.    Ciliary  Arteries. 

k.  Veins  of  the  Eyeball. 


FIG.   XI.       NERVES    OF    THE    EYEBALL. 


a.  to  i.  Same  as  Fig.  5. 
k.  Motor  Oculi  Nerve. 
I.  Ophthalmic  Division  of  the  Trig- 


eminus. 


m.  Ciliary  Ganglion. 
n.  Ciliary  Nerves, 
o.  Abducens  Nerve. 


FIG.    XII.      CHOROID  COAT   OF  THE    EYE. 


a.  Optic  Nerve. 
6.  Sclerotic. 

c.  Cornea. 

d.  Annulus  Niger. 

e.  Choroid. 


/,  g.  Vasa  Vorticosa. 

h.  Ciliary  Ligament.  [ment. 

i.   Attachment  of  the  Ciliary  Li.ua 

I.   Long  Ciliary  Nerve. 

m.  Short  Ciliary  Nerve. 


FIG.  XIII.      ANTERIOR    ASPECT    OF    THE    EYEBALL.      THE    SCLEROTIC 
AND   CORNEA    BEING    REMOVED. 


a.  Choroid. 

6.  Vasa  Vorticosa. 

c.  Ciliary  Nerves. 

d.  Ciliary  Ligament. 


c.    Inner 
/.   Outer 
g.   Iris. 
h.  Pupil. 


Lips. 


IK,.   XIV.       ANTERIOR    HALF    <>I     T1IK    CHOROID    AND   THE    IRIS 
I  i;oM     TIIK     HACK. 


a.  Choroid.  b.  Pigment  Layer  of  the  Choroid.         c.  Corpus  Ciliare. 


120 


NEUROLOGY. 


FIG.    XV. 


a.  Tunica  Ruyschiana. 

b.  Ciliary  Body. 

c.  Ciliary  Process. 


a.  Retina. 

b.  Limbus  Luteus. 

c.  Its  Outer  Border. 

FIG.    XVII.       EPITHELIUM 
TWO 

a.  Epithelial  Cells. 


d.  Ciliary  Circle  of  Arteries. 
t.  Veins  of  the  Iris. 
/.  Plexuses  of  the  Ins. 


FIG.    XVI. 


d.  Ora  Serrata. 

e.  Crystalline  Lens. 


ON  THE  OUTER  SURFACE  OF  THE  CORNEA. 
HUNDRED    DIAMETERS. 

I  b.  Nucleus. 


FIG.    XVIII.       SECTION    OF   THE    CORNEA. 


a.  Conjunctiva. 
6.  Cornea. 


c.  Fibrous  Layer. 

d.  Cavities  between  the  Fibres. 


FIG.    XIX.       CORNEA. 

a.  Fibres.  |  6.  Their  Junction. 

FIG.    XX.      TUNICA    HUMORIS    AQUEI.       FOUR    HUNDRED   DIAMETERS. 
FIG.    XXI.       EPITHELUM   ON    THE    INNER    SURFACE    OF   THE    CORNEA. 

c.  Nucleolus. 


a.  Epithelial  Cells. 

b.  Nucleus. 


FIG.    XXII.       SCLEROTIC. 


a.  Tendon  of  Rectus  Muscles. 

b.  External  Coat. 


c.  Middle  Coat 

d.  Internal  Coat. 


FIG.  XXIII.       PIGMENT    LAYER     OF   CHOROID.      THREE    HUNDRED     DIAMETERS. 

a.  Pigment  Cells.  c.  Pigment  Granules. 

6.  Nuclei. 

FIG.    XXIV.      CELLS    CONNECTING   THE    LENS    TO    ITS  CAPSULE. 

a.  Cell  Covering.  c.  Intercellular  Spaces. 

b.  Nucleus. 

FIG.    XXV.      FIBRES    OF    THE    LENS.      TWO    HUNDRED    DIAMETERS. 

d.  Single  Fibres.  |  b.  Junction  of  two  Fibres. 

FIG.    XXVI.      RETINA    MAGNIFIED. 


a.  Jacobson's  Membrane. 

b.  Rods. 

c.  Cones. 


d.  e,  f,  g.  Different  arrangement  of  b 
and  c. 


NEUROLOGY. 


121 


FIG.  XXVII.      INNER   SURFACE    OF   JACOBSON's   LIGAMENT. 

a.  Filaments  of  the  Optic  Nerve.        c.  Nucleus. 

b.  Nerve  Cells. 


PLATE   LII. 

FIG.    XIV.      IRIS. 

a.  Circular  Muscles  of  Pupillary  Margin,      b.  Meshes  of  Muscular  Fibres. 

FIG.    XV.       SECTION    OF    THE    EYE. 


a.  Choroid. 

6.   Ciliary  Nerves. 

c.  Ciliary  Ligaments. 

d.  Choroid  Reflected. 

e.  Portion  containing  no   Pigment 

Cells. 
/.  Ciliary  Bodies. 


g.  Suspensory  Ligament  of  the  Lens. 

h.  Iris. 

i.   Pupillary  Margin. 

k.  Crystaline  Lens. 

I.   Retina. 

m.  Limbus  Luteus. 

n.  Ora  Serrata. 


FIG.    XVII.       LONGITUDINAL   OR    ANTEROPOSTERIOR   SECTION    OF   THE    EYE. 


1.  Epithelium. 

2.  Conjunctiva. 

3.  Cornea. 

4.  Junction  of  Cornea  and  Sclerotic. 

5.  Tunica  Humoris  Aquei. 

6.  Its  Epithelium. 

7.  8,  9,  Sclerotic  Coat. 

10.  Corneal  Border. 

11.  Annulus  Niger. 

12.  Reflected  Portion  of  Sclerotic. 

13.  14.  )  Arnold's  Membrane  ;  or 
15,  16.  i        Arachnoidea  Oculi. 
17.  Vascular  Layer 

18    Pigment  Layer 

19.  Ciliary  Ligament. 

20.  Its  insertion  into  the  Sclerotic. 

21.  Ciliary  Process. 

22.  Ciliary  Muscle. 

23.  Iris. 

24.  Uvea.  [ous  Humor. 
_.">.  Anterior  Chamber  of  the  Aque- 
•jr>.  Pupil. 

27.  Posterior  Chamber.  f  Lens. 

L  I 

28.  Suspensory    Ligament     of    the 

29.  Ciliary  Processes. 


of  the  Choroid. 


of  the  Retina. 


30.  Jacobson's  Membrane. 

31.  Fibres  of  Mueller. 

32.  Globular  Layer  ) 

33.  Granular  Layer  > 

34.  Vascular  Layer  ; 

35.  Ora  Serrata. 

36.  Limbus  Luteus. 

37.  Fovea  Centralis. 

38.  Fold  of  Retina. 

39.  End   of  Jacobson's   Membrane. 

40.  Zonula  Zinii. 

41.  Canal  of  Petit. 

42.  Hyaloid  Membrane. 

!•">.  Raised  Portion  of  42   over 
Limbus  Luteus. 

44.  Area  Mortegiani. 

45.  Hyaloid  Canal  of  Foetus. 

46.  Capsular  Artery.     Foetal. 

47.  Hyaloid  Fossa. 

48.  Pupillary  Membrane  of  Feet  us. 

49.  50.  Capsule  of  Lens. 

~>1.  Space    between    the   Lens   and 

Capsule. 

52.  Crystalline  Lens. 
">:5.  Vitreous  Humor. . 


122 


NEUROLOGY. 


54.  Optic  Nerve. 

55.  Entrance  of  54  to  the  Retina. 

56.  Neurilemma  of  54. 


57.  Capillary  Plexus. 

58.  Axis  of  the  Eye. 


PLATES   LIII   AND   LIV. 

THE   EAR. 
FIGS.  I-III.      CARTILAGE   OF   THE    EAR,    WITH   ITS   MUSCLES. 


a.  Helix. 

6.  Spine  of  Helix. 

c.  Crus  Helicis. 

d.  Processus  Helicis. 

e.  Anti-helix. 

/.  Crura  of  the  Anti-helix. 

g.  Tragus. 

h.  Incisura  Intertragica. 

i.    Anti-tragus. 

k.  Fossa  of  the  Anti-helix. 

I.    Semilunar  Fossa. 

ra.  Scaphoid  Fossa. 

n.  Oval  Fossa. 

o.  Concha. 

p.  Cymba  Conchae. 

q.  Lower  Portion  of  o. 


r.  Dorsum  Auricutse. 

s.  Eminentia  Scapulae. 

t.  Eminentia    Fossae    Triangularis 

u.  Eminentia  Cymbse. 

v.  Eminentia  Conchae. 

w.  Fissure  of  the  Anti-helix. 

x.  Ponticulus. 

1.  Attollens  Aurem  Muscle. 

2.  Attrachnes  Aurem  Muscle. 

3.  Retrachens  Aurem  Muscle. 

4.  Transversus    Auriculae  Muscle. 

5.  Helicis  Major  Muscle. 

6.  Helicis  Minor  Muscle. 

7.  Tragicus  Muscle. 

8.  Anti-tragicus  Muscle. 


FIGS.    IV   AND   V.       FCETAL   TEMPORAL    BONE. 


a.  Squamous  Portion. 
6.  Zygomatic  Process. 

c.  Mastoid  Portion. 

d.  Petrous  Portion. 


c.    Annulus  Tympani. 
/.  Malleus. 
g.  Incus. 
h.  Stapes. 


FIG.  VI.     'VERTICAL   SECTION    OF    THE    ORGAN    OF   HEARING. 


a.  External  Ear. 

b.  Lobule. 

c.  Helix. 

d.  Anti-helix. 

e.  Anti-tragus. 
/.  Integument. 

g.  Adipose  Tissue. 
•h.  Temporal  Muscle. 
i.  Deep  Temporal  Artery. 
k.  Fat  in  the  Temporal  Fossa. 
I.   Anterior  Portion  of  Osseous  Ear. 
ra.  Anterior  Portion  of  Cartilaginous 
Ear. 


n.  Ligaments. 

o.   Posterior  Portion  of  Cartilage  <,f 

Ear. 
p.  Mucous    Membrane    of   Meatns 

Auditorius. 

q.  Membrana  Tympani. 
r.  Mastoid  Process. 
s.  Mastoid  Cells. 
t.   Dura  Mater. 
u.  Transverse  Sinus. 
v.  Tendon  of  Sterno-mastoid. 
w.  Integument  of  Pinna. 
x.  Fatty  Tissue. 


NEUROLOGY. 


y.  External  Meatus  Auditorius.          |  z.  a.  /3.  Curves  of  y. 

FIG.  VII.   TEMPORAL  BONE — LONG  EXTERNAL  MEATUS  REMOVED. 


a.  Squamous  Portion. 

6.  Zygomatic  Process. 

c.  Glenoid  Cavity. 

d.  Mastoid  Portion. 

c.  Meatus  Auditorius. 

/.  Tympanum. 

g.  Petrous  Portion. 


h.  Fenestra  Rotunda. 

i.  Malleus. 

k.  Incus. 

I.  Stapes. 

in.  Stapedius  Muscle. 

n.  Tensor  Tympani 

o.  Laxator  Tympani 


Muscle. 


FIG.  VIII.      TEMPORAL    BONE  AND    EUSTACHIAN    TUBE. 


a.  Eustachian  Tube. 

b.  Tensor  Tympani  Muscle. 

c.  Stapedius  Muscle. 

d.  Malleus. 


e.   Incus. 

/.  Stapes. 

g.  Fenestra  Rotunda. 


FIG.    IX.       NERVES    OF   THE    MIDDLE    EAR. 


a.  Anterior  Portion  of  Petrous  Bone. 

b.  End  of  Osseous   Meatus  Audito- 

rius. 

c.  Membrana  Tympani. 

d.  Head  of  Malleus. 

e.  Manubrium. 

/.  Cervix  of  Malleus. 
g.  Short  or  Processus  Brevis  of  In- 
cus. 

h.  Processus  Longus. 
i.   Tensor  Tympani. 


k   Tendon  of  i. 

I.    Stapedius  Muscle. 

m.  Its  Tendon. 

n.  Ligament  connecting  the  Malleus 

and  incus. 

o.   Posterior  Ligament  of  the  Incus. 
p.  Trunk  of  Facial  Nerve. 
q.  Branch  of  Vidian  Nerve  to  p. 
r.  Branch  to  Tensor  Tympani. 
s.  Branch  to  Stapedius. 
t.   Chorda  Tympani. 


FIG.  X.       CHORDA    TYMPANI    NERVE 


o.  Capitulurn  of  Malleus. 
b.  Manubrium. 

Processus  Brevis  of  Incus. 


c. 


d.  Processus  Longus. 
Os  Lenticulare. 


e. 


f.  Membrana  Tympani. 

g.  Facial  Nerve. 

h.  Chorda  Tympani. 
•i,  k.  Its  Curves. 


KKi.    XI.       SECTIONAT,    VIEW    OF    EAR. 


a.  External  Ear. 

b.  Entrance  to  Cartilaginous  Meatus. 
Meatus  Auditorius  Externus. 


c. 


d.  Membrana  Tympani. 

e.  Malleus. 
/.  Incus. 
g.  Stapes. 


h.  Lenticular  Bone. 

i.  Labyrinth. 

k.  Vestibule. 

L  Cochlea. 

m.  Superior 

n.  Posterior 

o.  External 


Semi-circular  Canal 


124 


NEUROLOGY. 


FIG.    XII.      OSSEOUS    PORTION    OF   EAR. 


a.  Squamous  Portion 

b.  Petrous  Portion. 


c.    Internal  Auditory  Meatus. 
d  to  o.  Same  as  in  Figure  XL 


FIG.    XIII.      OSSICULA   AUDITUS. 


A.  Malleus. 
a.  Head. 

6.  Articular  Surface  for  Incus. 

c.  Tubercle. 

d.  Neck. 

e.  Manubrium. 

/.  Processus  Gracilis. 

B.  Incus. 

a.  Body. 

b.  Processus  Brevis. 

c.  Processus  Longus. 

d.  Os  Lenticulare. 

C.  Stapes. 


a.  Head. 

b.  Glenoid  Cavity. 

c.  Posterior  Crus. 

d.  Sulcus. 

e.  Anterior  Crus. 
/.  Foramen. 

g.  Base. 

h.  External  Surface. 

i.   Internal  Surface. 

D.  Section  of  Malleus. 

E.  Section  of  Incus. 

F.  Section  of  Stapes. 


FIG.   XIV.      BONY   LABYRINTH. 


A.  Labyrinth. 
a.  Vestibule. 

6.  Fenestra  Rotunda. 

c.  Superior  ^ 

d.  Posterior  >Semi-circular  Canals. 

e.  ExternalJ 
/.  Ampullae. 
g.  Cochlea. 
h.  First      -\ 

i.  Second   >Turns  of  the  Cochlea. 
k.  Third    J 
I.   Cupola. 

B.  Malleus. 


m.  Head. 

n.  Cervix. 

o.  Manubrium. 

p.  Processus  Gracilis. 

0.  Incus. 

g.  Processus  Brevis. 

r.  Processus  Longus. 

s.  Body. 

t.   Os  Orbiculare. 

D.  Stapes. 

u.  Head. 

v.  Anterior  Crus. 

w.  Base. 


PLATES   LV   AND   LVI. 

INTERNAL   EAR. 


FIG.    I      OSSEOUS    LABYRINTH. 

a.  Vestibule.  g.  Ampullae. 

b.  Fenestra  Rotunda.  h.  Cochlea. 

c.  Fenestra  Ovalis. 

d.  Upper       ^ 

e.  Posterior    SSemi-circular  Canals. 
/.  External  J 


EXTERNAL   ASPECT. 


i,  k,  I.  Spiral  Canal  of  Cochlea. 
m.  Cupola. 


NEUROLOGY. 


125 


PIG.    II.      OSSEOUS    LABYRINTH.      INNER   ASPECT. 


a  to  1.  Same  as  in  Fig.  1. 
m.  Macula  Cribosa  Superior. 
n.  Macula  Cribosa  Inferior. 


o.  Aqueeductus  Cochlea. 

p.  Infundibulum. 

q.  Openings  for  Nerves. 


FIG.   III.      LABYRINTH.      SECTIONAL  VIEW. 


a  to  1.  Same  as  in  Fig.  1. 
m.  Lamina  Spiralis. 
n.  Hamulus. 
o.  Trabeculae. 
p.   Infundibulum. 
q.  Scala  Tympani. 


r.   Aquseductus  Cochlea. 

s.   Fovea  Hemispherica. 

t.   Fovea  Semielliptica. 

u.  Pyramid. 

v.  Aqueeductus  Vestibuli. 

w.  Openings  of  Semi-circular  Canals. 


FIG.    IV.      SECTIONAL   VIEW   OF   FIG.    II 


a  to  m.  Same  as  in  Fig  1 . 


n.  Openings  of  the  External  Semi- 
circular Canal. 


FIG.    V.      SAME   AS   FIG.    III. 


a  to  m.  Same  as  in  Fig.  1. 

n.  Saculus  Rotundus. 

o.  Saculus  Ovalis. 

p.  Space  between  n  and  o. 

q.  Membranous  Semi-circular 

Canals. 

r.  Membranous  Ampullae. 
s.  Ostium  Sinus. 


a  to  h.  Same  as  in  Fig.  1. 

i.  Saculus  Ovalis. 

k.  Membranous  Semi-circular 

Canals. 
I.  Ampullae, 
m.  Facial  Nerve. 

FIG.    VII. 

Letters  same  as  Fig.  6. 


t.  Ostium  Tubuli. 

u.  Membranous  Lamina  Spiralis. 

v.  Cartilaginous  Zone. 

w.  Membranous  Zone. 

x.  Crista  Spiralis. 

y.  Hamulus  Cartilaginosus. 

z.  Internal  Smooth  Surface  of  w. 

a.  External  Rough  Surface  of  w. 


FIG.    VI. 

11. 
o. 


Portio  Mollis. 

Cochlea  Nerve. 
p.  Vestibular  Nerve. 
q.  Middle  Branch. 
r.  Inferior  Branch. 
s.  Superior  Branch. 


SIDE  VIEW   OF   FIG.   VI. 


FIG.    VIII.       COCHLEA. 


a.  Meatus  Auditorius  Internus. 

b.  Vestibule. 

c.  Cochlea. 

d.  Modiolus. 

e.  Base. 

/.  Columella. 

g.  Lamina  Modioli 


h.  Infundibulum. 

i,  k,  I.  Spiral  Canal. 

m.  Cupola. 

n.  Lamina  Spiralis. 

o.   Hamulus. 

p.  Scala  Vestibuli. 

q.  Scala  Tympani. 


126 


NEUROLOGY. 


FIG.    IX.      COCHLEA,    WITH    MEMBRANOUS    PARTS. 
PIG.    X.      EUSTACHIAN    TUBE    IN   A    LONGITUDINAL    SECTION    OF   THE    SKULL. 


a.  Sphenoid  Bone. 

b.  Sphenoidal  Sinus. 

c.  Frontal  Bone. 

d.  Nasal  Fossa. 

e.  Palate  Process  of  Upper  Maxilla. 
/.  Petrous    Portion     of    Temporal 

Bone. 


g.  Styloid  Process. 
h.  Membrana  Tympani. 
i.   Eustachian  Tube. 
k.  Its  Orifice. 
I.   Pharynx. 


PLATE   LV. 

FIG.   XI.      MICROSCOPIC    SECTION    OF   THE   INTEGUMENT   OF   THE   HAND, 
SHOWING    A    SWEAT    GLAND. 


a.  Epidermis. 

b.  Superficial  Layer. 

c.  Rete  Mucosum. 

d.  Papilla. 

e.  Corium. 


FIG.    XII. 


a.  Bulb  of  the  Hair. 
6.  Cuta. 

c.  Cuticula. 

d.  Root  of  the  Hair. 


/.  Cellular  Tissue. 

g.  Sweat  Gland. 

h.  Double  Origin. 

i.   Duct.  [  Epidermis. 

k.  Opening  on  the  Surface  of  the 

HAIR.      ITS    FOLLICLES. 

e.  Shaft. 
/.  Glands. 
g.  Its  Duct. 


FIG.   XIII.      SEBACEOUS  GLAND  FROM    THE    EXTERNAL   EAR. 

a.  Lobule  of  Gland.  I  6.  Its  Duct. 


FIG.    XIV.      A    SECTION    OF    SKIN    FROM    THE    HUMAN    BODY. 
HUNDRED   DIAMETERS. 


THREE 


a.  Epidermis. 

b.  Rete  Mucosum. 

c.  Papillary  Layer. 

d.  Nucleus  of  Cells. 

e.  PapillaB  from  the  Papillary  Layer. 


/.  Upper  Portion  of  the  Corium. 

g.  Its  Fibres. 

h.  Inter-fibrillar  Spaces. 

i.  Duct  of  a  Sweat  Gland. 


PLATE  LVI. 

FIG.    XI   TO   XV.      MICROSCOPIC    STRUCTURE   OF   HAIR. 

FIG.    XI.       EPIDERMIS. 
FIG.    XII.      CORTICULAR   SUBSTANCE   OF   SHAFT. 

FIG.    XIII.       LONGITUDINAL  SECTION. 

a.  Substance  of  Corticle.  |  b.  Medullary  Substance. 


NEUROLOGY. 


127 


a.  Epidermis. 


a.  Epidermis. 
6.  Corticle. 


FIG.    XIV.      TRANSVERSE    SECTION. 

|  b.    Substance  of  Corticle. 

FIG.   XV.      TRANSVERSE    SECTION. 

I  c.   Medullary  Substance. 


PLATE    LVII. 

FIGS.    I,   II.      SPINAL   CORD. 

The  spinal  canal  opened  from  behind,  and  the  membranes,  vessels, 
nerves,  etc.,  removed  to  expose  the  spinal  marrow.  It  shows  the  termi- 
nation of  the  cord  in  the  cauda  equina,  and  the  nerves  passing  through 
the  intervertebral  foramina.  The  regions  here  shown  are  the  sacral, 
lumbar,  and  a  portion  of  the  dorsal. 

PIGS.    Ill,  IV.      SPINAL   CORD  OF  A  CHILD. 

In  these  figures  the  whole  of  the  cord  is  exposed. 

From  1  to  8  areihe  roots  (posterior  aspect)  of  the  Cervical  Nerves. 
From  8  to  20,  those  of  the  Dorsal  Nerves. 
From  20  to  25,  those  of  the  Lumbar  Nerves. 
From  25  to  30,  the  Sacral. 

The  numbers  on  the  right  side  of  the  figures  designate  the  Vertebrae, 
where  they  have  been  divided. 

From  1  to  7,  the  Cervical  Vertebrae. 

From  1  to  12,  the  Dorsal  Vertebrae. 

From  1  to  5,  the  Lumbar  Vertebrae. 

From  1  to  5,  the  Sacral  Vertebrae — the  Coxcyx  not  being  number* 

FIGS.  V,  VI.      SIDE  VIEW  OF  SPINAL  NERVE  TRUNKS. 

The  numbers  designate  the  Nerve  Trunks  after  the  junction  of  th 
anterior  and  posterior  roots  beyond  the  Spinal  Ganglia. 

It  indicates  that  there  are  on  each  side,  8  Cervical,  12  Dorsal, 
Lumbar,  5  Sacral,  and  1  Coxcygeal  Nerves.  In  all  thirty-one.  Th( 
number  does  not  correspond  to  the  number  of  Vertebrae. 

At  the  first  Cervical,  and  at  the  Coxcygeal,  Impair  Ganglia  are  mark( 
The  Coxygeal  Nerve  is  also  placed  in  a  line  with  the  Spinal  Cord. 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


PLATE  I. 

THE    PAROTID   GLAND    AND    FACIAL    MUSCLES. 


1.  Zygoma. 

2.  Condyle  of  Lower  Jaw. 

3.  Parotid  Gland. 

4.  Steno's  Duct. 

5.  6,  7.  Occipito-frontalis 

8.  Attolens  Aurem 

9.  Temporal 

10.  Orbicularis  Palpebrarum 

11.  Levator  Labii   Superioris 

Alreque  Nasi 

12.  Compressor  Narium 

13.  Levator  Labii   Superioris 

14.  Orbicularis  Oris 


15.  Levator  Anguli  Oris 

16.  Z}^gomaticus  Minor 

17.  Zygomaticus  Major 

18.  Masseter 

19.  Risorius 

20.  Buccinator 

21.  Depressor  Anguli  Oris 

22.  Levator  Menti 

23.  Platysma  Myoides 

24.  Sterno-cleido-mastoid 

25.  Splenius  Capitis 

26.  Trapezius 


PLATES  II   AND   III. 

LONGITUDINAL    SECTION    OF  THE    HEAD  AND    NECK. 


a.  Integument. 

b.  Cranial  Cavity. 

c.  Spinal  Canal. 

d.  Crista  Galli. 

e.  Sella  Turcica. 
/.  Frontal  Sinus. 

g.  Sphenoidal  Sinus. 
h.  Basilar  Process  of  Occipital. 
i.    Basilar  Suture. 
k.  Anterior  Arch  of  Atlas. 
I.    Posterior  Arch  of  Atlas, 
ra.  Odontoid  Process. 
n.  Bodies  of  Cervical  Vertebra. 
o.   Spinous  Processes. 
p,  q,  r.  Nasal  Fossa. 
s,   t.  Floor  of  Nasal  Fossa. 
u.  Nasal  Crest. 
v.  Alveolus  of  Incisor. 
w,  x.  Incisor  Teeth. 
128 


y.  Lower  Jaw. 
z.    Os  Hyoides. 

1.  Septum  of  Nose. 

2.  Tongue. 

3.  Frenum  Lingua3. 

4.  Genio-glossus  Muscle. 

5.  Lingualis  Muscle. 

6.  Hard  Palate. 

7.  Velum  Pendulum  Palati. 

8.  Uvula. 

9.  Tonsil. 

10.  Choana  Dextra. 

11.  Eustachian  Tube. 

12.  14.  Pharynx. 

13.  Tissues  behind  the  Pharynx. 

15.  (Esophagus. 

16.  Epiglottis. 

17.  Cellular  tissue  and  fat. 

18.  Thyroid  Cartilage. 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


129 


19,  20.  Cricoid  Cartilage. 

21.  ArytfiMioid  Cartilage. 

22.  Ventricle  of  Morgagni. 

23.  Trachea. 

24.  Thyroid  Gland. 


I'.").  <  lonio-hyoid  Muscle. 

26.  Digastric  Muscle. 

27.  Sterno-hyoid  and  Sterno-thyroid 

Muscles. 

28.  Bolus. 


•PLATE   IV. 

FIG.    I.      SAME    AS    FIG.    IV,  PLATE    V. 

FIG.    II.      SECTION    OF   A    LOBULE    OF   THE    LIVER,    SHOWING  A    HEPATIC 

VEIN    IN    THE    CENTER. 


1.  Hepatic  Vein. 

2.  Opening  of  a  branch. 


3.  Lobules  of  Liver. 

4.  Intralobular  Vein. 


1.  Hepatic  Vein. 

2.  Branches. 


FIG.  III.       HEPATIC    VEIN    AND  LOBULES. 

3.  Lobules. 


FIG.    IV.      MICROSCOPIC    SECTION    OF    LIVER   SUBSTANCE. 

1.  Intralobular  Veins.  |    2.  Interlobular  Veins. 

FIG.    V.      LOBULES    OF   LIVER.      MAGNIFIED. 


1.  Intralobular  Vein. 

2.  Medullary  Substance. 

3.  Corticle  Substance. 


4.  Plexus  of  Biliary  Capillaries. 

5.  Hepatic  Bile  Ducts. 


PLATE   V. 

FIG.    I.      A    SECTION   OF  THE   (ESOPHAGUS,    SHOWING   ITS   COATS. 

3.  Mucous  Coat. 

4.  (Esophageal  Glands. 

FIG.    II.      (ESOPHAGEAL    (i LANDS    ENLARGED. 

3.  Orifice  of  the  Duct. 


1.  Exteral  Muscular  Layer. 

2.  Internal  Muscular  Layer. 


1.  (iland. 

2.  Its  Duct. 

K1U.    III.      SUBSTACE    OF   THK    SPI.KKN.       MA(iNIFIKD. 

1.  Splenic  Vein.  |    2.  Malpighian  Corpuscle-;. 

KKi.    IV.       THK  I'NDKIl  SURFACE  OF  THE   I.IVKK.THK  GALL  BLADDKK,  STOilACH, 

SPLEEN,    AND    DUODENUM. 

1.    Left  Lol><>  of  Liver.  4.   Lobus  Spigelii. 

5.  Longitudinal  Fissure. 

6,  7.   Round  Ligament. 


Lolx>  of  Liver. 
3.  Lobus  Quadratus. 


130 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


8.  Portal  Vein. 

9.  Hepatic  Ducts. 

10.  Fundus  of  Gall  Bladder. 

11.  Cervix  of  Gall  Bladder. 

12.  Cystic  Duct, 

13.  DuctusCommunisCholedochus. 

14.  Pancreas. 

15.  Pancreatic  Duct. 

16.  Common  opening  of  13  and  15. 

17.  Opening  of  Branch  of  Pancre- 

atic Duct. 


18.  Suspensory    Ligament 

19.  (Esophagus. 

20.  Fundus  of  Stomach. 

21.  Lesser  Curvature. 

22.  Greater  Curvature. 

23.  Pylorus. 

24.  Duodenum. 

25.  Jejunum. 

26.  Mesentery. 

27.  Omentum. 

28.  Spleen. 


of    the 
[  Liver. 


FIG.    V.      OUTLINE    OP   FIG.    VII,    PLATE    IV.       THE    STOMACH. 


1.  Fundus  of  Stomach. 

2.  Greater  Curvature. 

3.  Pylorus. 

4.  Duodenum. 

5.  Jejunum. 


6.  Mesentery. 

7.  Liver. 

8.  Pancreas. 

9.  Spleen. 
10.  Kidney. 


FIG.  VI.       OUTLINE    OF    FIG.  VIII,  PLATE    IV.       SECTION    OF    THE    STOMACH. 


1.  Fundus  of  Stomach. 

2.  Opening  of  (Esophagus. 

3.  Pyloric  Valve. 

4.  Duodenum. 

5.  Opening  of  Bile  Ducts. 

6.  Mesentery. 


7.  Liver. 

8.  Gall  Bladder. 

9.  Pancreas. 

10.  Spleen. 

11.  Kidney. 


FIG.   VII,       OUTLINES    OF    FIG.  VI,    PLATE    IV.       THE    ABDOMINAL 
CAVITY    LAID    OPEN. 


1.  Anterior    wall  of  Abdomen,   re- 

2.  Liver.  [fleeted. 

3.  Gall  Bladder. 

4.  Cystic  Duct. 

5.  Stomach. 

6.  Pylorus. 

7.  Duodenum. 

8.  Jejunum. 

9.  Spleen. 


10.  Mesentery. 

11.  Right  Kidney. 

12.  Ureter. 

13.  Urinary  Bladder. 

14.  Abdominal  Aorta. 

15.  Iliac  Artery. 

16.  Spermatic  Artery. 

17.  Inferior  Vena  Cava. 

18.  Psoas  Muscle. 


PLATE   VI. 

FIG.    I.       THE    STOMACH    AND    PANCREAS. 


1.  (Esophageal  Opening. 

2.  Fundus  of  Stomach. 

3.  Folds  of  Mucous  Membrane. 


4.  Location  of  Mucous  Glands. 

5.  Pyloric  Valve. 

6.  Duodenum. 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


131 


7.  Brunner's  Glands. 

8.  Valvulae  Conniventes. 

9.  Gall  Bladder. 

10.  Fundus. 

11.  Cervix. 

1±  Cystic  Duct. 
13.  Hepatic  Duct. 


14.  Ductus  CommunisCholedochus. 

15.  Pancreas. 

16.  Head. 

17.  Body. 

18.  Pancreatic  Duct. 

19.  Lobules  of  the  Pancreas. 


FIG.    II.      ILEUM  AND   CCECUM. 


1.  Ileurn. 

2,  3.  Ccecum. 

4.  Longitudinal  Muscular  Fibres. 


5.  Constricted  portion  marking  the 

beginning  of  the  colon. 

6.  Vermiform  Process. 


1.  Ileum. 

2.  Processus  Vermiformis. 

3.  Coecum. 

4.  Ileo-coecal  Valve. 


1.  Serous  Coat. 

2,  3.  Muscular  Coat. 


FIG.    III.      CCECUM    OPENED. 

5.  Upper   \  TT 

6.  Lower   j  Valves' 

7.  Orifice  of   Vermiform   Process. 


FIG.    IV. 

I    4.  Mucous  Coat. 
FIG.  v. 


1.  Valvulse  Conniventes. 

FIG.  VI.      MUCOUS    MEMBRANE   OF   GALL   BLADDER. 


1.  Folds  of  Mucous  Membrane. 

2.  Fossa?  Lodging. 


3.  Smaller  Folds  of  Mucous  Mem- 
brane. 


FIG.    VII.      A   PORTION    OF   THE    MUCOUS    MEMBRANE   OF   THE 
VERMIFORM  PROCESS. 

FIG.    VIII.      SECTION    OF   MUCOUS    MEMBRANE    FROM   THE    GALL   BLADDER. 

1.  Mucous  Folds.  |    2.  FossaB  formed  by  1. 

FIG.    IX.      VILUS    WITH    INJECTED    BLOOD-VESSELS. 


1.  Veins. 

2.  Arteries. 


I    3.  Capillaries. 
FIG.  x.     PEYER'S  GLAND. 


PLATE  VII. 

FIG.    I.      THE    LIVER,    GREATER   OMENTUM    AND   INTESTINES   IN    SITU. 


1.  Pericardium. 

2.  Inferior  Lobe  of  Right  Lung. 


3.  Superior 

4.  Inferior 


of  Left  Lung 


132 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


5.  Diaphragm. 

6.  Superior  Convex  Surface  of  the 

Liver. 

7.  Right  Lobe. 

8.  Lobus  Quadratus. 

9.  Left  Lobe. 


10.  Gall  Bladder. 

11.  Incisura  Interlobularis. 

12.  Round  Ligament. 

13.  Suspensory  Ligament. 

14.  Greater  Omentum. 

15.  Intestines. 


FIG.    II.      THE    LESSER    OMENTUM. 


1.  Left  Lobe  of  the  Liver. 

2.  Right  Lobe. 

3.  Lobus  Quadratus. 

4.  Incisura  Interlobularis. 

5.  Anterior  Surface  of  the  Stomach. 

6.  Cardiac  End  of  the  Stomach. 

7.  (Esophageal  Opening. 

8.  Pyloric  Extremity. 

9.  Greater  Curvature. 


10.  Lesser  Curvature. 

11.  Gastro-hepatic  Omentum. 

12.  Superior  Transverse  portion  of 

Duodenum. 

13.  Descending  portion  of  the  Duo- 

denum. 

14.  Inferior   Transverse   portion  of 

the  Duodenum. 

15.  Spleen. 


FIG.    I. 


PLATE   VIII. 

THE    HEART    DRAWN  TO    THE  LEFT,    EXPOSING   THE    PULMONARY 
VESSELS    AND    THE    BRONCHI. 


Right  Coronary  Artery. 
Left  Coronary  Artery. 
Right  Auricle. 
Superior  Vena  Cava. 
Left  Pulmonary  Artery. 


6.  Right  Pulmonary  Artery. 

7.  Right  Bronchus. 

8.  Left  Bronchus. 

9.  (Esophagus. 


FIG.    II.       THE    ORGANS    OF   THE    THORAX    IN    SITU. 


1.  Thymus  Gland. 

2.  Pericardium. 

3.  Superior   \ 

4.  Middle      >  Lobes  of  Right  Lung. 

5.  Inferior     ) 

6.  Superior   )  T    ,         „  T        T 

„    -r  f    .        >  Lobes  of  Left  Lung. 


8.  Diaphragm. 

9.  Ribs. 

10.  Pericardium  Adherent   to  Cen- 

tral Tendon  of  the  Diaphragm. 

11.  Right  Innominate  Vein. 

12.  Left  Innominate  Vein. 

13.  Superior  Vena  Cava. 


PLATE   IX. 

FIG.    I.       THE    THORAX    OPENED    BY    LAYING    BACK    THE    STERNUM. 


1.  Inner  Surface  of  Sternum. 

2.  Manubrium  Sterni. 

3.  Triangularis  Sterni  Muscle. 

4.  Pleurse. 

5.  Anterior  Mediastinum. 


6.  Pericardium. 

7.  Thymus  Gland. 

8.  Superior  Vena  Cava 

9.  Right  Innominate  Vein. 
10.  Left  Innominate  Artery. 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


133 


11.  Innominate  Artery. 

12.  Left  Common  Carotid  Artery. 

13.  Thyroid  Gland. 


14.  Trachea. 

15.  (Esophagus. 

16.  Lungs. 


FIG.    II.       THE    HEART,    GREAT   BLOOD    VESSES,    BRONCHI    AND    CESOPHACilS. 


1.  Convex  Surface  of  Heart. 

2.  Right  Margin. 

3.  Left  Margin. 

4.  Right  Auricle. 
6.  Left  Auricle. 

6.  Left  Coronary  Artery. 

7.  Lungs. 

8.  Ascending  Aorta. 

9.  Arch  of  Aorta. 

10.  Descending  Aorta. 

11.  Ductus  Arteriosus. 

12.  Pulmonary  Artery  Trunk. 


13.  Left   Branch  of  Pulmonary  Ar- 

tery. 

14.  Right  Branch  of  Pulmonary  Ar- 

tery. 

15.  Trachea. 

16.  Right  Bronchus. 

17.  Left  Bronchus. 

18.  (Esophagus. 

19.  Left  Pulmonary  Veins. 

20.  Innominate  Artery. 

21.  Left  Common  Carotid  Artery. 

22.  Left  Subclavian  Artery. 


FIG.    III.       HEART    AND    LUNGS. 


1.  Heart. 

2.  Left  Auricle. 

3.  Auricular  Appendage. 

4.  Vena  Magna  Cordis. 

5.  Left  Pulmonary  Veins. 

6.  Left  Lung,  drawn  to  the  right. 

7.  Left  Pulmonary  Artery. 


8.  Left  Bronchus. 

9.  Ductus  Arteriosus. 

10.  (Esophagus, 

11.  Descending  Aorta. 

12.  Transverse  Aorta. 

13.  Thoracic  Aorta. 


PLATE  X. 

THE  VISCERA  OF  THE  THORAX  AND  ABDOMEN. 


1.  Pericardium. 

2.  Vena  Cava  Superior. 

3.  Ascending  Aorta. 

4.  Pulmonary  Artery. 

5.  Pericardium  Reflected  up  to  the 

Vessels. 

6.  Pleura). 

7.  Lungs. 

8.  Diaphragm. 

9.  Base  of  the  Heart. 

10.  Apex  of  the  Heart. 

11.  Superior  Surface  of  the  Heart. 

12.  Inferior  Surface  of  the  Heart. 
1:5.    Ki-lit  Margin  of  the  Heart. 


14.  Left  Margin  of  the  Heart. 

15.  Right  Auricle. 

16.  Left  Auricle. 

17.  Small  Intestines. 

18.  Ileum. 

19.  Ccecum. 

20.  Appendix  Venniformis. 

21.  Mesentery. 

22.  Ascending  Colon. 

23.  Transverse  Colon. 

24.  Descending  Colon. 

25.  Sigmoid  Flexure. 

26.  Colic  Ligament. 

27.  Appendices  Epiploicae. 


134 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


PLATE   XI. 


FIG.    I. 


1.  Greater  Omentum. 

2.  Transverse  Colon. 

3.  Inferior  Lamina  of  Transverse 

Mesocolon. 

4.  Duodenum,  covered  by  Perito- 

neum. 

5.  Appendices  Epiploica3. 

6.  Ileum. 

7.  Ccecurn. 


8.  Appendix  Vermiformis. 

9.  Ascending  Colon. 

10.  Descending  Colon. 

11.  Sigmoid  Flexure. 
13.  Rectum. 

13.  Plicae  Semilunares  Douglasii. 

14.  Bladder. 

15.  Colic  Ligaments. 


FIG.    II.       FORAMEN    OF    WINSLOW. 


1.  Liver. 

2.  Gall  Bladder. 

3.  Spleen. 

4.  Gastro-splenic  Omentum. 

5.  Posterior  Surface  of  the  Stomach. 

6.  Anterior  Portion  of  the  Lesser 

Omentum. 


7.  Foramen  of  Winslow. 

8.  Superior  Portion  of  Transvo: 

Mesocolon. 

9.  Great  Omentum. 
10.  Transverse  Colon. 


FIG.    III.      CONCAVE,    OR   INFERIOR   SURFACE    OF   THE    LIVER. 


1.  Right  Lobe. 

2.  Left  Lobe. 

3.  Lobus  Quadratus. 

4.  Lobus  Spigelii. 

5.  Lobus  Candatus. 

6.  Eminentia  Papillaris. 

7.  Obtuse  Margin. 

8.  Acute  Margin. 

9.  Incisura  Interlobularis. 

10.  Longitudinal  Fissure. 

11.  Obliterated  Umbilical  Vein. 


12.  Left  Branch  of  Portal  Vein. 

13.  Ductus  Venosus. 

14.  Transverse  Fissure. 

15.  Portal  Vein. 

16.  Right  Branch  of  Portal  Vein. 

17.  Inferior  Vena  Cava. 

18.  Hepatic  Veins. 

19.  Gall  Bladder. 

20.  Cystic  Duct. 

21.  Hepatic  Duct. 

22.  Ductus  Communis  Choledochus. 


PLATE   XII. 

THE  PERITONEUM  AND  ITS  PROCESSES. 


A.  External  Lamina  of  Peritoneum. 
a.  Tunica  Vaginalis  Scroti. 

B.  Internal  Lamina  of  Peritoneum. 
6.  Its  Process  to  Testicle. 

c.  Turnica  Vaginalis  Testis. 

d.  Spermatic  Vessels. 


e.   Vas  Deferens. 

c.   Anterior  Wall  of  Urinary  Bladder 
covered  by  Peritoneum. 

D.  Kidney. 
/.  Ureter. 

E.  Region  in  which  Inguinal  Hernia 

occurs. 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


135 


PLATE   XIII. 

LARGE  VESSELS  AND  SPERMATIC  CORDS  FOUND  UNDER 
THE  PERITONEUM. 

A.  External  Lamina  of  Peritoneum,  i  d.  Spermatic  Vein. 


B.  Internal  Lamina  of  Peritoneum. 

C.  Kidney. 

D.  Vena  Cava. 

E.  Aorta. 

a.  Tunica  Vaginalis  Scroti. 

6.  Epigastric  Portion  of  Peritoneum. 

c.  Vas  Deferens. 


e.    Spermatic  Artery. 

/.  Ureter. 

g.  Tunica  Vaginalis  Testis. 

Ji.  Processus  Clausus. 

•L   Renal  Artery. 

k.  Renal  Vein. 


PLATE    XIV. 

.ABDOMINAL  VISCERA  COVERED  BY  PERITONEUM.     ALSO  SHOWING 
THE  DESCENT  OF  THE  TESTICLE  INTO  THE  SCROTUM. 


A.  External  Lamina  of  Peritoneum. 

B.  Internal  Lamina  of  Peritoneum. 

C.  Urinary  Bladder. 

a.  Tunica  Vaginalis  Scroti. 

b.  Processus  Clausus. 

c.  Tunica  Vaginalis  Testis. 

d.  Vas  Deferens. 

e.  Spermatic  Vessels. 

/.  Aperture  into  the  Inner  Lamina. 

g.   Intestines. 

h.  Liver. 

i.    Appendix  Vermiformis. 

k.  Tunica  Albuginea. 

I.    Mesentery. 


m.  Process    of    Peritoneum    around 

Testicle. 

n.  Process    forming    Tunica    Albu- 
o.   Vas  Deferens.  [ginea. 

p.  Spermatic  Vessels. 
q.  Round  Ligament  of  Liver. 
r.  Umbilical  Arteries. 
s.   Ureters. 
t.    Portion  of  Peritoneum  Reflected 

from  Bladder. 
u.  Urachus. 
v.  Mesorectum. 
x.  Rectum. 
y.  Suspensory  Ligament  of  Liver. 


PLATE   XV. 


1.  Stomach. 

2.  Superior  Transverse  Portion  of 

Duodenum. 

3.  Descending   Portion  of  Duode- 

num. 

4.  Inferior  Transverse  Portion  of 

Duodenum. 

5.  Pancreas 

6.  Inferior    Lamina   of    the  Trans- 

verse Mesocolon  reflected,  ex- 
posing the  Duodenum  and 
Pancreas. 


7.  Superior  Lamina  of  the  Trans- 

verse Mesocolon. 

8.  Appendix  Vermiformis. 

9.  Mesentery. 

10.  Ccecum. 

11.  Ascending      \ 

12.  Transverse     >  Colon. 

13.  Descending    ) 

14.  Sigmoid  Flexure. 

15.  Rectum. 
li'..   Bladder. 

17.  Colic  Ligament. 


136 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


PLATE    XVI. 

FEMALE  GENITAL  ORGANS. 
FIG.    I. 


1.  Rectum. 

2.  Cul  De  Sac  of  Douglas. 

3.  Ovaries. 

4.  Ovarian  Ligaments. 

5.  Fimbriated  Extremity  of  6. 

6.  Fallopian  Tube. 

7.  Round  Ligament  of  Uterus. 

8.  Uterus. 

9.  Urinary  Bladder. 

10.  Urachus. 

11.  Ureters. 


12.  Vulva. 

12.  Labia  Majora. 

13.  Labia  Minora. 

14.  Prepuce  of  Clitoris-. 

15.  Glans  Clitoris. 

16.  Meatus  Urinarius. 

17.  Ostium  Vagina3. 
13.  Hymen. 

19.  Openings    of   Duct 

20.  Fourchette. 

21.  Perinseum. 

22.  Anus. 


[Gland, 
of  Mucous 


FIG.    II.      INTERNAL  GENITALIA,  VAGINA    LAID   OPEN. 


1.  Ovary. 

2.  Ovarian  Ligament. 

3.  Lateral  Ligaments  of  Uterus. 

4.  Fimbriated  Extremity  of  5. 

5.  Fallopian  Tube. 

6.  Fundus  Uteri. 

7.  Cervix  Uteri. 

8.  Superior  Lip  of  Uterus. 

9.  Os  Tineas. 
10.  Inferior  Lip. 


11.  Vagina. 

12.  Ruga3. 

13.  Mucous  Follicles. 

14.  Meatus  Urinarius. 

15.  Clitoris. 

16.  Prepuce  of  Clitoris. 

17.  Labia  Minora. 

18.  Labia  Majora. 

19.  Section  of  18. 


FIG.    III. 


1.  Vulva. 

2.  Fat. 

3.  Vagina. 


4.  Sphincter  Vaginse. 

5.  Mucous  Glands. 

6.  Their  Ducts. 


FIG.    IV. 


1.  Pubes. 

2.  Mons  Veneris. 

3.  Suspensory  Ligament  of  Clitoris. 

4.  Clitoris. 

5.  Corpora  Cavernosa  Clitoridis. 

SECTION    OF    UTERUS    SHOWING    ITS    CAVITY. 


6.  Sphincter  Vaginse. 

7.  Nymphiu. 

8.  Labia  Magna. 

9.  Perinasum. 
10.  Anus. 


FIG.  v. 


1.  Body  of  Uterus. 

2.  Cervix  Uteri. 

3.  Openings  of  Fallopian  Tubes. 

4.  Inferior  Lip  of  Uterus. 


5.  Arbor  Vita3. 

6.  Section  of  Muscular  Tissue. 

7.  Cavity  of  Uterus. 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


137 


FIG.    VI.       SECTION    OF    AN    OVARY. 


1,  2.  Graafian  Vesicles. 
3.  Corpus  Luteum. 


4.  Stroma. 

5.  Peritoneal  Covering. 


FIG.    VII.      AN    OVUM    OF    A    RABBIT,  HIGHLY    MAGNIFIED. 


1.  Granules. 
3.  Chorium. 
3.  Vitellus. 


4.  Germinal  Vesicle. 

5.  Germinal  Spot. 


PIG.   I. 


PLATE   XVII. 

MALE   GENITAL    ORGANS. 

MALE    GENITAL    ORGANS,  NATURAL    POSITION. 
HALF    OF   THE    PELVIS    IS    REMOVED. 


THE    RIGHT 


1.  Last  Lumbar  Vertebrae. 

2.  Sacrum. 

3.  Auricular  Surface 

4.  Coccyx. 

5.  Pubes. 

6.  Section  of  Symphysis  Pubis. 

7.  Right  Iliac  Artery. 

8.  Obliterated  Umbilical   Arteries. 

9.  Rectum. 

10.  Urinary  Bladder. 

11.  Urachus. 

12.  Ureter. 

13.  Membranous  Portion  of  Urethra. 


1,  2.  Bladder. 

3.  Verumontanum. 

4.  Openings  of  Ejaculatory  Ducts. 

5.  Prostatic  Ducts. 

6.  Prostate  Gland. 

7.  Cowper's  Glands. 


1.  Bladder. 

2.  Ureters. 

3.  Vasa  Deferentia. 

4.  VesiculsB  Seminales. 

5.  Vasa  Ejaculatoria. 
6. 


14.  Testis. 

15.  Vas  Deferens. 

15.  Vesicul  se  Seminales. 

17.  Prostate  Gland. 

18.  Cowper's  Glands. 

19.  Bulb  of  Urethra. 

20.  Corpus  Cavernosum  Penis. 

21.  Suspensory  Ligament  of  Penis. 

22.  Prepuce. 

23.  Fraenum  of.  Prepuce. 

24.  Corona  Glandis. 

25.  Glans  Penis. 

26.  Meatus  Urinarius. 


FIG.    II. 


8.  Bulb  of  Urethra. 
9-11.  Corpus  Cavernosum. 

12.  Urethra. 

13.  Glans  Penis. 

14.  Section. 

15.  Fossa  Navicularis. 


FIG.  in. 


7.  Membranous  Part  of  Urethra. 

8.  Cowper's  Glands. 

9.  Duct. 

10.  Bulb  of  Urethra. 

12.  Corpus  Cavernosum. 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


FIG.    IV. 


1.  Testicle. 

2.  Lobules. 

3.  Rete  Testis. 

4.  Vasa  Efferentia. 


1.  Testis. 

2.  Lobes. 

3.  Rete  Testis. 


1.  Vas  Deferens. 

2.  Tubule. 


5.  Head  of  Epididymus. 

6.  Tail  of  Epididymus. 

7.  Vas  Aberrans. 

8.  Vas  Deferens. 


FIG.    V.      TESTICLE. 


FIG.    VI, 


4.  Epididymus. 

5.  Vas  Aberrans. 

6.  Vas  Deferens. 


SEMINIFEROUS    TUBULE. 

3.  Branchlets. 

4.  Vas  Ejaculatorium. 


PLATE   XVIII. 

FIG.    I.       UTERUS.       ANTERIOR   ASPECT. 


1.  Anterior   Wall   of    the    Urinary 

Bladder    covered   by    Perito- 
neum. 

2.  Anterior  Surface  of  the  Uterus. 

3.  Lateral  Ligaments. 


4.  Round  Ligaments, 

5.  Ovaries. 

6.  Fallopian  Tubes. 

7.  Fimbriated  Extremities. 

8.  Rectum. 


FIG.    II.       UTERUS.       POSTERIOR   ASPECT. 


1.  Posterior  Surface  of  the  Uterus. 

2.  Fundus  Uteri. 

3.  Body. 

4.  Cervix. 

5.  Lateral  Ligaments. 

6.  Fallopian  Tubes. 


7.  Fimbriated  Extremities. 

8.  Ovaries. 

9.  Broad  Ligaments. 

10.  Cul  De  Sac  of  Douglas. 

11.  Rectum. 


1.  Liver. 

2.  Great  Omentum. 


PLATE    XIX. 

FIG.    I.       OMENTUM    OF    AN    INFANT. 

3.  Mesentery. 

FIG.    II.       SAME    AS    FIG.    I 


1.  Concave  Surface  of  the  Liver. 

2.  Gall  Bladder. 

3.  Gastro-hepatic  Omentum. 

4.  Great  Omentum. 

5.  Anterior  Surface  of  Stomach. 

6.  Cardia. 


7.  Greater  Curvature. 

8.  Lesser  Curvature. 

9.  (Esophageal  Opening. 

10.  Pyloric  Extremity. 

11.  Pancreas. 

12.  Intestines. 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


139 


FIG.    III.       PANCREAS. 


1.  Pancreas. 

2.  Pancreatic  Duct. 

3.  Branches. 

4.  Communication    of    Pancreatic 

with  Common  Bile  Ducts. 

5.  Liver. 

6.  Gall  Bladder. 


7.  Cystic  Duct. 

8.  Hepatic  Duct. 

9.  Ductus  Commums  Choledochus. 

10.  Stomach. 

11.  Pancreas. 

12.  Transverse  Colon. 

13.  Transverse  Mesocolon. 


PLATE   XX. 


PIG.    I. 


1.  Levator  Ani  Muscle. 

2.  Compressor  Urethrae. 
4.  Corpora  Cavernosa. 


5.  Corpora  Cavernosa. 

6.  Urethra. 

7.  Corpus  Spongiosum. 


PIG.    II.       BLADDER,    MALE. 


1.  Urachus. 

2.  Prostate  Gland. 

3.  Fundus. 

4.  Neck. 


1.  Urachus. 

2.  Ureters. 


1.  Kidney. 

2.  Hilus. 

3.  Ureter. 

4.  Renal  Artery. 


1.  Calyces. 
'2.  Papillae. 


I.  Corticle  Substance. 
.:.   Medullary  Substance. 


1.  Calyces  Minor. 

2.  Calyx  Major. 


FIG.    III. 


5.  Rugae. 

6.  Orifices  of  Ureters. 

7.  Trigonum  Vesicse. 


BLADDER,  FEMALE. 

3,  4,  5.  Muscular  Fibres. 


PIG.    IV.       KIDNEY. 


5.  Renal  Vein. 

6.  Supra-renal  Capsule. 

7.  Transverse  Groove. 

8.  Lobules. 


FIG.    V. 


3.  Pelvis. 

4.  Ureter. 


FIG.    VI. 


3.  Papillae. 

4.  Renal  Vessels. 


FIG.    VII. 


3.  Pelvis. 

4.  Ureter. 


140 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


FIG.    VIII. 


1.  Supra-renal  Gland. 

2.  Kidney. 


3.  Convolutions. 

4.  Ureter. 


FIG.    IX.      LONGITUDINAL   SECTION    OP^    THE    KIDNEY    OF   AN   ADULT. 


1.  Cortical  Substance. 

2.  Columnae. 

3.  Pyramids. 


1.  Cortical  Substance. 

2.  Malpighian  Bodies. 


4.  Papillae. 

5.  Calyx. 


FIG.    X. 


3.  Renal  Arteries. 

4.  Veins. 


FIG.    XI. 


1.  Blind  Extremities  of  Tubuli  Uri- 
niferi. 


2.  Straight  Portion  in  which  they  Co- 


3.  Large  Tubuli  formed  by  2.  [alesce. 

FIG.    XII.      GLANDS    FROM    THE    STOMACH. 

1.  Lobular  Glands.  |  2,  3.  Their  Ducts. 

FIG.    XIII.       KIDNEY. 


1.  Corticle  Substance. 

2.  Columnae. 

3.  Medullary  Substance. 


4.  Papillae. 

5.  Calyx. 

6.  Pelvis. 


FIG.   XIV.       SPERMATOZOA. 
FIG.    XV.       MAMMARY    GLAND. 


1.  Lobules. 

2.  Radicles  of  Lactiferous  Ducts. 

3.  Lactiferous  Ducts. 


4.  Sinus. 

5.  Nipple. 


PLATE   XXI. 

FIG.    I. 


A.  External  Lamina  of  Peritoneum. 

B.  Sac  of  Internal  Lamina. 

C.  Bladder. 

a.  Tunica  Vaginalis  Communis. 


6.  Process  of  B  inside  of  Aperture. 

c.  Tunica  Vaginalis  Propria  Testis. 

d.  Tunica  Albuginea. 

e.  Spermatic  Vessels. 


FIG.    II. 


1.  Corpus  Cavernosum. 

2.  Artery  of  Corpus  Cavernosum. 


3.  Septum  Pectiniforme. 


ENDOSMOLOQY. 


141 


FIG.    III. 


a.  Mesentery. 

6.  Vasa  Spermatica. 


Between  the 


Layers  of  Mesentery. 

c.  Vas  Deferens.     Between  the  Lay- 

ers of  Mesentery. 

d.  Portion    of    a    which    descends 

through    Inguinal    Opening, 


e.  Internal  Inguinal  Ring. 
/.  Portion    of   Peritoneum   contain- 
ing a  Testicle  in  Descent. 
g.  Apex  of  the  Testis. 
h.  Bladder. 
/.    Umbilical  Arteries. 
k.  Intestines. 


FIG.    IV. 


a.  External  Lamina  of  Peritoneum. 
6.  Tunica  Vaginalis  Communis. 

c.  Lamina  Interna. 

d.  Its  Process. 


c.   Spermatic  Vessels. 
/.  Intestines. 
g.  Liver. 


1.  Tunica  Vaginalis. 

2.  Tunica  Albuginea. 


1.  Tunica  Vaginalis. 

2.  Tunica  Albuginea. 


FIG.  v. 

3.  Testis. 


FIG.    VI. 


3.  Epididymis. 

4.  Spermatic  Cord. 


FIG.    VII.       THE    DESCENT    OF    THE    TESTICLES. 


B.  Reflected  Walls  of  Abdomen. 

E.  Kidneys. 

F.  Aorta. 

G.  Vena  Cava  Inferior. 


K.  Inguinal  Opening. 
M.  Bladder. 
N.  Testis. 


PLATE   XXII. 

FIG.    I. 


1.  Pleurae. 

2.  Portion  of  1. 


[Sternum. 
Removed  from  the 


1.  Base  of  the  Heart. 

2.  Apex  of  the  Heart. 


3.  Anterior  Mediastinum. 


FIG.    II. 


3.  Diaphragm. 

4.  Lungs. 


1.  Body  of  Hyoid  Bone. 

2.  Cornu    Major. 

3.  Cornu    Minor. 


PLATE   XXIII. 

FIG.    I. 


4.  Thyro-hyoid,  Lateral  Ligament, 

5.  Middle  Thyro-hyoid  Ligament. 

6.  Thyroid  Cartilage. 


142 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


7.  Incisura  Media. 
S.  Greater  Cornua  of  Thyroid  Car- 
tilage. 
9.  Lesser  Cornua. 

10.  Thyroid  Gland. 

11.  Trachea. 

12.  (Esophagus. 

13.  Scalenus  Anticus  Muscle. 

14.  Phrenic  Nerve. 

15.  Internal  Jugular  Vein. 

16.  Subclavian  Vein. 

17.  Left  Innominate  Vein. 

18.  Right  Innominate  Vein. 


19.  Superior  Vena  Cava. 

20.  Innominate  Artery. 

21.  Common  Carotid. 

22.  Subclavian. 

23.  Pneumogastric  Nerve. 

24.  Arch  of  Aorta. 

25.  Pericardium. 

26.  Apex  of  25. 

27.  Base  of  25. 

28.  Diaphragm. 
29. 

30. 

31.  Lungs. 


1.  Anterior  Mediastinum. 

2.  Thymus  Gland. 

3.  Pericardium. 


1.  Pleurae. 

2.  Sternum. 

3-  Vena  Cava  Superior. 

4.  Pericardium. 

5.  Oesophagus. 

1.  Eustachian  Valve. 

2.  Valve  of  Foramen  Ovale. 

3.  Foramen  Ovale. 

4.  Septum  Aricularum. 


1.  Left  Auricle. 

2.  Valve  of  Foramen  Ovale. 
*.  Foramen  Ovale. 

3.  Mouths  of  Pulmonary  Veins. 

4.  Left  Pulmonary  Valve. 

5.  Inferior  Vena  Cava. 

6.  Ostium  Venosum. 

7.  Left  Ventricle. 

8.  Mitral  Valve. 

9.  Aortic  Opening. 


Pleurse. 


FIG.    II. 


4.  Sternum. 

5.  Pleurae. 


FIG.   III. 


6.  Thoracic  Aorta. 

7.  Pulmonary  Artery. 

8.  Ductus  Arteriosus. 

9.  Arch  of  Aorta. 
10.  Bronchi. 


FIG.    IV. 


5.  Vena  Cava  Inferior. 

6.  Vena  Cava  Superior. 

7.  Ostium  Venosum. 

8.  Ascending  Aorta. 


FIG.    V. 


10.  Semi-lunar  Valves. 

11.  Aorta. 

12.  Abdominal  Aorta. 

13.  Pulmonary  Artery. 

14.  Left  Branch  of  13. 

15.  Ductus  Arteriosus. 

16.  Right  branch  of  13. 

17.  Trachea. 

18.  Vena  Cava  Superior. 

19.  Diaphragm. 


1.  Umbilical  Vein. 

2.  Left  Vena  PortaB. 


FIG.    VI.       FCETAL   CIRCULATION. 

3.  Ductus  Venosus. 

4.  Kidneys. 


ENDOSMOLOUY. 


143 


5.  Vena  Cava  Inferior. 

6.  Renal  Veins. 

7.  Eustachian  Valve. 

8.  Foramen  Ovale. 

9.  Its  Superior  Margin. 

1   '    |  Vena  Cava  Superior. 


12.  Foramen  of  Vena  Magna  Cordis. 

13.  Valvula  Thebesii. 

14.  Ostium  Venosum. 

15.  Flat  Surface  of  the  Heart. 

16.  Acute  Margin. 

17.  Tliymus  Gland. 

18.  Umbilicus. 


PLATE   XXIV. 

PIG.   I.      ANTERIOR 'ASPECT   OF   THE   TONGUE. 


1.  Papillae  of  the  Tongue. 

2.  Hard  Palate. 

3.  Septum  of  the  Nose. 

4.  Turbinated  Bones. 

5.  Mucous  Membrane  covering  the 

Septum. 


7.  Mucous  Membrane  of  the  Con- 
chse. 

7.  Sphenoidal  Sinus. 

8.  Septum. 

9.  Antrum  of  Highmore. 


FIG.    II.      POSTERIOR   ASPECT. 


1,  2.  Papilla?. 

3.  Glosso-epiglottic  Ligament. 

4.  Epiglottis. 

5.  ArytaBno-epiglottic  Ligament. 

6.  Arytenoid  Cartilage. 

7.  Cricoid  Cartilage. 

8.  Fauces. 


9.  Orifice  of  Eustachian  Tube. 

10.  Septum  Narium. 

11.  Turbinated  Bones. 

12.  Velum  Palati. 

13.  Levator  Palati 

14.  Tensor  Palati     \ 

15.  Hamular  Process  of  Pterygoid. 


Muscles. 


FIG.   III.      LARYNX. 


1.  Thyroid  Cartilage. 

2.  Arytenoid  Cartilage. 

3.  Superior  j 

4.  Inferior    ) 


5,  6.  Cricoid  Cartilage. 

7.  Crico-tracheal  Ligament. 

8.  Cornicula  Laryngis. 

9.  Cuneiform  Cartilages. 


FIG.   IV.      FR.ENUM    LINGUAE. 


1.  Frsenum. 

2.  Openings  of  Wharton's  Ducts. 


3.  Tongue. 


FIG.    V.       LARYNX. 


1.  Thyro-epiglottic  Ligament. 

2.  False  Vocal  Cords. 

3.  True  Vocal  Cords. 


4.  Arytenoid  Cartilages. 

5.  Cricoid  Cartilage. 

6.  Conoid  Ligament. 


FIGS.    VI.    AND    VII.       LARYNX. 


1.  Trachea.  [tilage. 

3.  Superior  Cornu  of  Thyroid  Car- 

4.  Cricoid  Cartilage. 


6.  Vocal  Cord. 

7.  Ventricle. 

8.  Epiglottis. 


144 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


FIGS.    VIII.    AND    IX.       LARYNX. 


2.  Internal  Surface. 

3.  Anterior  Superior  Margin. 

5.  Superior  Cornu. 

6.  Posterior  Margin. 


16.  Epiglottis. 

18.  Aryta'iioid  Cartilages. 

24.  Rima  Glottidis. 

25.  Vocal  Cords. 


FIGS.    X    AND    XI.       THYROID    CARTILAGE. 
FIGS.    XII    AND    XIII.       THYROID    CARTILAGE. 


1.  Anterior  Surface. 

2.  Internal  Surface. 

3.  Superior  Border. 


5.  Superior  Cornu. 

6.  Inferior  Margin. 
8.  Inferior  Cornu. 


FIG.    XIV.       STRUCTURE    OF   THE    LABIAL    AND    LINGUAL   GLANDS. 


PLATE  XXV. 

FIG.    I.       LARYNX    AND    TRACHEA. 


1.  Os  Hyoides. 

2.  Body. 

3.  Greater  Cornua. 

4.  Lesser  Cornua. 

5.  Thyroid  Cartilage. 

6.  Incisura. 

7.  Oblique  Line. 

8.  Cornu     Major. 

9.  Cornu    Minor. 

10.  Middle  Thyro-hyoid  Ligament. 


11.  Lateral  Thyro-hyoid  Ligament. 

12.  Cornicula  Laryngis. 

13.  Cricoid  Cartilage. 

14.  Arcus. 

15.  Lateral  Crico-thyroid  Ligament. 

16.  Conoid  Ligament. 

17.  Trachea. 

18.  Bronchi. 

19.  Annular  Cartilages  of  17. 

20.  Membranous  Portion  of  Trachea. 


FIG.    II.       LARYNX    AND   TRACHEA,  OPENED    POSTERIORLY. 

9.  Cuneiform  Cartilages. 

10.  Lateral  Thyro-hyoid  Ligament. 

11.  Corpuscula  Triticea. 

12.  Lateral  Crico-thyroid  Ligament. 

13.  Crico-aryta9noid  Ligament. 

14.  Epiglottis. 

15.  Arytpono-epiglottidean  Fold. 

16.  Mucous  Membrane  of  Trachea. 


1.  Greater  Cornua  of  Hyoid  Bone. 

2.  Lesser  Cornua. 

3.  Thyroid  Cartilage. 

4.  Greater  Cornua. 

5.  Lesser  Cornua. 

6.  Posterior  Surface. 

7.  Aryta3noid  Cartilages. 

8.  Cornicula  Laryngis. 


FIGS.    Ill    AND    IV.       THYROID    CARTILAGE. 


1.  Internal  Surface. 

2,  3.  Superior  Margin. 
4.  Notch. 


5.  Superior  Cornua. 

6.  Lower  Margin. 
8.  Lesser  Cornua. 


FIGS.    V    AND    VI. 


1,  2.  Internal   Surface   of  Thyroid 
3.  Superior  Margin.  [Cartilage. 


5.  Superior  Cornua. 
8.  Lesser  Cornua. 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


145 


10.  Posterior     Surface    of     Cricoid 

Cartilage. 

11.  Upper  Margin. 

12.  Lower  Margin. 


16.  Epiglottis. 
18.  Aryteenoid  Cartilages. 
20.  Posterior  Surface. 
23.  Cornicula  Laryngis. 


FIGS.    VII    AND    VIII. 


2.  Thyroid  Cartilage. 

3.  Upper  Margin. 
5.  Superior  Cornu. 

r>.    Inferior  Margin. 
8.  Inferior  Cornu. 


[tilage. 


10.  Posterior  Surface  of  Cricoid  Car- 
tilage. 
12.  Inferior  Margin. 

15.  Lateral  Crico-thyroid  Cartilage. 

16.  Epiglottis. 


9.  Anterior  Surface  of  Cricoid  Car- 

FIGS.    IX    AND    X. 


3.  Superior  Margin  of  Thyroid  Car- 
tilage. 
5.  Superior  Cornu 


8.  Inferior  Cornu 

9.  Cricoid  Cartilage. 
16.  Epiglottis. 


FIGS.    XI   AND   XII.      THYROID   CARTILAGE,    BACK    VIEW. 


1.  Internal  Surface. 

3.  Superior  Margin. 

4.  Incisura. 


5.  Greater  Cornua. 

6.  Inferior  Margin. 
8.  Inferior  Cornua. 


FIGS.    XIII    AND    XIV.       THYROID    CARTILAGE,    SIDE    VIEW. 


1.  Anterior  Surface. 
3.  Upper  Margin. 
6.  Lower  Margin. 


7.  Tubercle. 

8.  Lesser  Cornu, 


FIGS.    XV   AND   XVI.      CRICOID   CARTILAGE. 


10.  Posterior  Surface. 

11.  Upper  Margin. 


12.  Lower  Margin. 


FIGS.    XVII    AND    XVIII.       CRICOID    CARTILAGE. 


10.  Anterior  Surface. 

11.  Upper  Border. 


12.  Lower  Border. 

13.  Articular  Facets  for  Thyroid. 


K!(iS.    XIX    AND    XX.       SAME    AS    XVII    AND    XVJII. 

12.  Inferior  Margin. 

FIGS.    XM     AM)    XXII.       SAME    AS    XVII    AND    XVIII. 

11.  Superior  Margin. 

10 


146 


ENDOSMOLOGY. 


FIGS.    XXIII    AND    XXIV.       SAME    AS    XVII  AND  XVIII. 


9.  Anterior  Surface. 

10.  Posterior  Surface. 

11.  Superior  Border. 


12.  Inferior  Border. 

13. 

14. 


Articular  Facets. 


1.  Nucleus. 

2.  Villi. 


FIG.    XXV.       EPITHELIAL   CELLS. 

3.  Nucleoli. 

FIG.    XXVI    AND   XXVII.       ARYT^NOID    CARTILAGES. 


18.  Arytsenoid  Cartilage. 

19.  Anterior  Surface. 


22.  Tubercle. 

23.  Cornicula  Laryngis. 


FIG.  XXVIII.      CUNEIFORM    CARTILAGES. 


EMBRYOLOGY. 


EMBRYOLOGY. 


PLATE    I. 

FIG.  I.     THE  HUMAN  EMBRYRO  HERE  REPRESENTED  IS  ONE  DESCRIBED  BY 

BLUMENBACH,  AND  IS  SUPPOSED  TO  BE  ABOUT  THREE  WEEKS*  OLD, 

(SOMEWHAT  MAGNIFIED). 

The  germinal  vesicle  is  laid  open  and  the  rudimentary  embryo  exposed. 
The  vescicle  is  partly  removed  from,  and  partly  adherent  to,  the  foetal 
chorion,  which  shows  very  numerous  filiform  and  imbranched  villi.  For 
the  size  of  the  ovum,  the  external  surface  of  the  chorion,  is  altogether 
constituted  of  proportionately  very  large  and  intricate  villi.  These  are 
not  spread  over  the  whole  chorion,  but  cover  about  one-half  of  its  surface. 
Some  of  these  filaments  are  connected  together  by  means  of  small 
vesicles  or  nodules,  very  much  resembling  small  hydatids.  The  vilJi 
themselves,  supplied  with  numerous  branchlets,  seem  to  belong  partly  to 
the  chorion, partly  to  the  uterine  mucous  membrane.  This  diminutive 
embryo,  which  was  hardened  in  alcohol,  appeared  as  a  solid  and  opaque 
mass,  even  before  its  hardening,  and  was  attached  to  the  internal  surface 
of  the  ovule  by  a  very  short  and  slender  thread.  Examined  under  a 
microscope,  it  showed  already  the  beginning  of  the  formation  of  the  head, 
which  was  altogether  out  of  proportion  to  the  size  of  the  trunk,  which 
formed  a  curve  in  such  a  manner  that  the  lower  part  of  the  body  reached 
the  head.  The  upper  and  lower  extremities  appeared  on  the  trunk, in 
the  shape  of  very  small  tubercles.  The  coccygeal  extremity  was  coiled 
up  towards  the  trunk. 

FIG.    II.       A    HUMAN    EMBRYRO    ABOUT    FIVE    WEEKS'    OLD, 
DESCRIBED    BY    LEUCKHART. 

The  four  visceral  arches  are  formed,  and  the  orbital  process  in  front 
has  already  reached  up  to  the  fourth  arch.  The  rudimentary  upper 
extremities  are  larger  than  the  lower.  Between  the  lower  extremities 
can  be  seen  the  embryonic  caudal  primitive  vertebra).  The  embryo  still 
adheres  to  the  internal  surface  of  the  ovule  by  an  umbilical  cord.  The 
body  of  this  embryo  has  already  reached  the  size  of  its  head.  Neither 
eyes  nor  mouth  were  to  be  seen  ;  only  rudimentary  spots  in  the  places  of 
existence  of  these  organs  could  be  discovered.  The  spinal  vertebra^  were 
distinctly  visible,  and  the  upper  and  lower  extremities  were  somewhat 

147 


148  KM  BRYOLOGY. 

farther  developed.     The  body,  like  the  above  figure,  was  bent  upon  itself, 
the    coccygeal   extremity   nearly   touching    the    head.     The     Vitteline 
vescicle  was  connected  with  the  body  by  a  slender  peduncle,  situated 
between  the  amnion  and  the  chorion.     The  membranes,  the  innermost  of 
which  was  opened,  resembled  those  of  the  previous  figure. 

FIG.  III.   AN  EMBRYO  OF  ABOUT  SIX  WEEKS*  GROWTH. 

The  body  of  this  embryo  was  well  hardened  in  alcohol,  and  distinctly 
showed  the  upper  and  lower  extremities.  Here  the  body  was  larger  than 
the  head.  The  dorsal  vertebra  were  distinctly  visible.  The  eyes  were 
plainly  to  be  seen,  and  the  buccal  opening  very  distinct.  No  rudimentary 
nose.  The  upper  and  lower  extremities  were  somewhat  larger  than  in 
the  former.  The  thorax  was  broader  than  in  the  former  two,  it  likely 
being  a  male  embryo.  The  umbilical  cord  was  larger  and  thicken. 

FIG.    IV.      AN    EMBRYO    OF    ABOUT    SEVEN    WEEKS,  OBTAINED  WITH    ALL 
ITS    MEMBRANES    UNOPENED. 

It  shows  an  increase  of  its  own  size  and  that  of  the  umbilical  cord. 
The  villi  of  the  chorion  were  far  more  simple,  as  well  as  shorter,  and  not 
so  numerous  as  in  the  former  three.  The  embryo  was  still  curved,  yet 
not  to  the  extent  of  the  former  specimens.  The  body  was  considerably 
larger  than  the  head,  and  both  eyes  were  distinguished  as  very  dark 
spots.  The  oral  slit  was  plainly  marked,  and  slight  depressions  above  it 
indicated  the  place  of  the  nose.  Tn  the  upper  extremities,  the  arm  and 
forearm  could  be  plainly  distinguished.  The  lower  extremities  were 
smaller  and  more  rudimentary  than  the  upper.  The  coccygeal  tuberosity 
was  very  prominent.  The  umbilical  cord  longer*  yet  more  slender. 

FIG.    V.      AN    EMBRYO    OF    ABOUT   EIGHT    WEEK'S,  CONTAINED    IN    A    SAC: 
RATHER   LARGER   THAN    USUAL. 


I 

' 


It  surpasses  the  former  specimen  both  in  size  and  development, 
ovular  membranes  are  increased  in  thickness;  the  flocculi  of  the  deciduary 
membrane  are  similar  to  those  described  in  Fig.  2.  The  curved  embryonic 
body  is  semi-circular.  The  head  is  less  increased  in  si/e  than  the  trunk, 
the  cranial  portion  being  the  most  developed.  The  eyes  are  very  distinct, 
the  month  open,  and  small  foramina  indicate  the  place  for  the  nose. 
Tlir  ears  are  indicated  by  very  small  pores.  The  spinal  column  is  broad 
and  thick.  The  chest  is  tolerably  broad.  The  abdomen  protrudes  around 
the  navel,  from  which  emerges  a  lengthy  but  slender  cord.  In  the  upper 
extremities  the  upper,  forearm  and  hand  are  readily  discernible.  The 
lingers  are  not  quite  developed.  In  the  lower  extremities,  which  extend 
below  the  coccygeal  tuberosity.  the  thighs,  legs,  and  feet  are  also 
discernible.  The  toes  are  not  at  all  developed.  Between  the  umbilicus 


EMBRYOLOGY.  149 

and   the  coccygeal  tuberosity   two    foramina    are   seen,   which   seem  to 
indicate  the  female  sex  of  the  embryo. 

FIG.  VI.     AN  OVUM   CONTAINING  A  HUMAN   FCETUS   A  LITTLE   OVER    FIVE 

MONTHS'  OLD,  WHICH  WAS  ACCIDENTALLY  EXPELLED  FROM  THE 

UTERUS  IN  AN  UNBROKEN  STATE. 

The  foetus  is  very  readily  seen  through  the  pellucid  membrane.  The 
figure  represents  that  part  of  the  surface  of  the  ovum  which  it  occupied 
in  the  womb,  that  is,  its  left  and  anterior  position.  The  flocculi  of  the 
chorion,  which  are  not  only  more  abundant,  but  longer,  are  seen  in  the 
left  and  upper  portion,  at  the  place  occupied  by  the  placenta,  as  very 
readily  seen  in  the  next  figure.  That  portion  of  the  membrane  occupied 
by  the  placenta  was  so  thick,  that  the  embryonal  portion  of  the  placenta 
could  not  be  examined  through  it.  From  the  outer  placentary  edges 
to  the  middle  of  the  ovum,  the  membranes  became  comparatively 
thinner  than  in  an  ovum  of  the  second  or  third  month. 

FIG.    VII.      SAME    AS    FIG.    VI. 

The  two  outer  membranes  opened,  exposing  the  internal  or  fcetal 
surface  of  the  placenta,  and  leaving  the  foetus  still  enclosed  in  the 
amnion.  The  placental  vessels  are  seen  as  radiating  from  a  common 
centre.  The  arteries  are  more  slender,  but  more  tortuous,  than  the 
veins,  which  are  straight  and  of  greater  diameter.  The  arteries  are 
far  more  divided  up  into  branches  than  the  veins.  Here  also  the 
gradual  thinning  of  the  external  membrane  from  the  periphery  of  the 
placenta  is  readily  noticed. 

FIG.    VIII.      THE    FCETUS    FREED    FROM    ITS    SACS    AND    LEFT   IN    THE    POSITION 

IT    OCCUPIED   IN    THEM. 

The  umbilical  cord  slightly  stretched  and  the  placenta  placed  in 
such  a  position  as  to  expose  its  entire  internal  surface.  The  foetus  is 
also  drawn  in  such  a  manner  on  the  plate  as  to  correspond  to  Figs. 
6  and  7.  This  foetus  is  that  of  a  female,  as  can  be  readily  distinguished 
by  its  face.  There  are  some  few  short  hairs  on  its  scalp;  the 
forehead  is  wrinkled  and  the  eyelids  are  distinct;  its  eyes  and  mouth 
firmly  closed.  Its  external  ear,  though  somewhat  different  from  that  of 
a  mature  foetus,  is  sufficiently  developed  to  show  all  its  parts.  The  lower 
extremities  by  far  exceed  in  size  the  upper.  The  umbilical  cord  is  drawn 
here  as  not  inserted  into  the  middle  of  the  placenta,  but  to  one  side. 

FIG.  IX.   SAME  AS  FIG.  V,  ONLY  A  PORTION  OF  THE  CHORION  IS  REMOVED, 

TO  SHOW  THE  MIDDLE  MEMBRANE.     THE  MIDDLE  AND  INTERNAL 

MEMBRANES  ARE  INTACT. 


150  EMBRYOLOGY. 

PLATE    II. 

FIGS.  I,  II,  III,  IV  AND  V.      MAGNIFIED  VIEWS  OF    FIGS.   I,  II,  III  AND  IV 

OF  PLATE    I. 

FIG.  VI.      SOMEWHAT    MAGNIFIED    EMBRYRO    CORRESPONDING   TO    FIG.  V, 

PLATE    I. 

FIG.    VII.       FEMALE    EMBRYO    OF    ABOUT    NINE    WEEKS  (ENLARGED). 

It  shows  an  increased  size  beyond  the  former  figures.  The  face  shows 
plainly  its  different  parts.  The  nose  somewhat  projects  ;  the  external  ear 
showing  the  rudiments  of  the  concha.  The  thorax  is  somewhat  broader 
than  in  the  former.  The  lower  limbs  project  beyond  the  trunk; 
the  upper  limbs  not  only  show  the  upper,  forearm  and  hand,  but  its 
digits  may  be  readily  distinguished.  The  lower  extremities  show  thigh, 
leg,  foot,  and  toes.  The  coccygeal  tuberosity  still  exists.  The  umbilical 
cord  is  longer  and  more  slender. 

FIG.  vui.     A  TEN  WEEKS'  OLD  EMBRYO  (ENLARGED). 

The  most  of  the  parts  of  the  face  are  plainly  discernible.  The  eyes, 
nose,  and  external  ear  are  far  more  developed.  The  chest  is  broader  : 
the  upper  and  lower  limbs  project  far  beyond  the  trunk.  The  coccygeal 
tuberosity  has  disappeared. 

FIG.    IX.       AN    ELEVEN    WEEKS'  OLD    FEMALE    EMBRYO. 

All  the  characteristics  of  the  sex  are  plainly  visible  on  it.  Its  face 
shows  each  part  distinctly.  The  eyelids  are  closed.  The  mouth  also 
closed  by  its  lips.  The  nostrils  become  somewhat  prominent.  The 
external  ear  very  plain.  The  upper  and  lower  extremities  completely 
developed. 

FIG.  X.   AN  EMBRYO  OF  THREE  MONTHS. 

On  the  head,  the  frontal,  parietal,  and  temporal  bones  are  plainly 
discernible,  the  eyeballs  protrude  beyond  the  level  of  the  face  and  are 
dosod  in  by  both  lids.  The  nose  completely  formed;  both  lips  distinct  : 
nearly  every  part  of  the  external  ear  formed.  The  neck  is  plainly 
H  |>;iruted  from  the  head  and  scapula.  Its  large  chest  plainly  indicates  it 
to  be  a  male.  The  single  ribs  are  plainly  distinguishable.  The  coccygeal 
tuberosity  completely  disappeared.  The  penis  is  prominent,  the  scrotum 
small  and  empty.  The  form  of  both  scapulas  are  distinctly  visible.  In 
the  upper  arm  the  deltoid  and  biceps  muscle  are  prominent.  The 
anconeus  and  external  condyles  of  the  humerus  arc  plainly  visible.  In 
the  hand,  both  carpus  and  metacarpus,  as  well  as  the  digital  articulations, 
are  well  marked.  In  the  inferior  part  of  the  trunk — the  ossa  innominata- 


EMBRYOLOGY.  151 

on  the  femur,  the  trochanter  major  and  the  condyles,  also  the  gluteus 
niaximus,  the  vasti,  and  the  ham  string  muscles  are  plainly  discernible. 
In  the  legs  the  patella,  the  tibia,  and  the  malleoli,  and  in  the  feet  all  the 
parts  are  fully  developed. 

FIG.    XI.       FEMALE    EMBRYO    OF  THREE    AND    ONE-HALF    MONTHS. 

The  forehead  is  prominent ;  eyes,  nose,  mouth,  and  ears  have  distinctly 
increased  in  size.  The  chest  is  that  of  a  female.  The  clitoris  is  sur- 
rounded by  the  preputial  fold  ;  the  vaginal  orifice  is  separate  from  the 
anal. 

FIG.    XII.       MALE    FCETUS    OF   THREE    AND    A  HALF    MONTHS. 
FIG.    XIII.       FEMALE    FCETUS    OF   FOUR    MONTHS. 

FIG.    XIV.       MALE    FCETUS    OF    FOUR    MONTHS. 
FIG.    XV.       MALE    FCETUS    OF    FOUR    MONTHS    (HIGHLY    DEVELOPED). 

The  body  is  fully  developed,  being  a  fine  specimen  of  the  male  foetus 
of  that  age.  The  muscular  development,  the  breadth  of  its  thorax  dis- 
tinctly show  its  male  character. 

FIG.    XVI.       A    FEMALE    FCETUS    OF    FOUR   MONTHS. 

The  round  form  of  the  head  is  very  regular ;  forehead  broad  and  round  ; 
eyes  large,  the  eyelids  well  formed  ;  nose  well  shapen  ;  mouth  half  open  ; 
lips  delicate  ;  chin  slender  ;  ears  rather  larger  than  in  the  previous  figures. 
The  neck  corresponds  with  the  well-formed  head.  The  thorax  shows  it 
to  be  a  female  foetus.  The  shoulders  are  prominent,  arm  well  rounded, 
hand  and  fingers  slender.  The  lower  extremities  by  far  surpass  the  upper. 
The  thighs  are  more  curved  than  in  a  male  fcetus  of  a  corresponding  age. 


